t taken into the account. The inequality of livings Protest to the second reading of the unlawful societies' bill, 2. Because all proof of the existence and extent of such danger as can alone justify a measure of this nature, was withheld from the house, and petitioners, who deemed themselves particularly aimed at and aggrieved by the provisions of the bill, were denied the permission of being heard at the bar, or adducing evidence in vindication of their conduct, or in proof of the injury which their interests would sustain in the event of the bill passing into a law. Canals and Rail Ways. In the London Quarterly Review for March, (says the American), is a most interesting article on the subject of rail roads. The opinion is there broadly expressed and maintained, that this mode of conveyance will be found, by experiment, so much cheaper, expeditious, safe and certain, that it will, in time, supersede the use of canals altogether. We can but Zealously recommend the perusal of an article of which we have at present only room for the following brief analysis. The Review states that much larger expenses must be incurred in canals than in rail roads, mile by mile, allowing them to run to and from the same places. The original expense of a canal is estimated at 1.9000 per mile-the original expense of a rail way is put down at 1.5000 for the same distance. The disadvantages of canals result from the frost at one season, and the drought at another-from both of which, rail ways are exempt. The speed by which goods can be transported by the latter mode is constant and certain; whereas in a canal they are often detained by lockages. Rail roads may be made to branch out in every 3. Because the danger to be guarded against by direction, whatever may be the nature of the soilthis bill, is not distinctly stated in any part thereof; canals must depend on a supply of water. In all and the danger apprehended does, in fact, arise from cases, with regard to speed and weight to be moved, grievances which naturally and necessarily produce rail ways have the advantage. On a well constructdiscontent in many millions of our Irish fellow sub-ed rail way, a horse will draw with ease a load of seven or eight tons, at two and a half miles an hour jects. We are, indeed, well aware that the privileges of the same horse will draw, on a canal, and with the the people, the rights of free discussion, and the same speed, three times the weight. But here ends spirit and letter of our popular institutions, must ren- the canal advantage, for the speed of the horse dimider, (and they are intended to render), the continu-nishes his strength, and the resistance of any body ance of any extensive grievance, and of the dissatis- in the water increases as the square of its velocity; faction consequent thereupon, dangerous to the tran- thus, whatever power is required to move a floating quility of the country, and ultimately subversive of body, with any given velocity, it will require four the authority of the state. Experience and theory alike forbid us to deny that effect of a free constitution. A sense of justice and a love of liberty, equally deter us from lamenting it. But we have always been taught to look for the remedy of such disorders, and the prevention of such mischiefs, in the redress of the grievances which justify them, and in the removal of the dissatisfaction from which they flow not in restraints on ancient privileges, not in inroads on public discussion, nor in violations of the principles of a free government. If, therefore, the legal method of seeking redress, which has been resorted to by persons laboring under grievous disabilities, be fraught with immediate or remote danger of the state, we draw from the circumstance a conclusion, long since foretold by great authority-viz: "that the British constitution and large exclusions cannot subsist together; that the constitution must destroy them, or they will destroy the constitution;" and we are thereby confirmed in our determination not to sacrifice any part of the ancient privileges of the people, for the purpose of preserving certain statutes which are comparatively modern, which are themselves restraints on the rights of the people, and on the prerogatives of the crown; and which, in our conscience, we believe cannot long be maintained without civil bloodshed, or the surrender of all constitutional liberty in a part of the empire united to Great Britain, and thereby entitled to a full participation in the benefits of our free constitution. (Signed) Vassal Holland, Wentworth, King, Grosvenor, Donoughmore, times the power to give it twice that velocity, and nine times the power to give this velocity three times. The application of steam power to canal navigation would, to a partial extent, supply this defect. An engine of 16 horse power, would drag the same load eight miles an hour, that one horse would do at the rate of two in the same time; but the rapid motion of the wheels would, in cases of such speed, disturb the water so much as to destroy the banks and ruin the canal. By tabular calculation it appears, that at three miles an hour, the rail way has obtained an advantage over a canal, as 22,400 is to 19,911-at nine miles an hour, the canal would take 2,212, or just one eighth part as much as may be conveyed on a rail way with the same power. This calculation rests on experiment. At the Killingworth colliery the number of strokes usually were 45 per minute, which, multiplied into the circumference of the wheel, gives 405 feet per minute, or 44 miles per hour. The velocity of five miles an hour being required the first minute, the whole may be kept in motion, with the same speed, by a force equal to the difference between the gravity of weight down the plane and the friction-the latter, taken at 900 lbs. the gravitating force at 540, the difference is 360. The engineer thinks it would, in no case, be prudent to go more than nine, or at the most, ten miles an hour. He does not think high pressure engines at all dangerous, if provided with Mr. Perkins' self-acting safety valves. "Satisfactory as the calculations and statements of Mr. Sylvester were, several gentlemen of the committee were still desirous of being eye witnesses to what the steam-carriages were able to perform; and for this purpose a deputation proceeded, in January last, to Killingworth, near Newcastle. The engines and the roads were the same which had been in use ten years; the power that of eight horses. A number of experiments were made, but we must confine ourselves to a brief statement from the report of Mr. Walker, the engineer, who, we rather think, was dis posed to under-value the steam-carriage, as applied to ping ports for coal in the kingdom. A rail-road rail-roads. The length measured, he says, was 1,685 will facilitate the conveyance of this indispensable yards, or .95$ of a mile; the inclination, 1 in 810; the article, together with the agricultural produce, the the greatest rise, in any part, 1 in 327; the average iron, lime stone, &c. throughout the whole manufac difference of time, in travelling up and down, wasturing districts of Lancashire, a concentrated beehalf a minute; so that the road, in fact, might be con-hire, containing a condensed population of, at least. sidered as horizontal. The weight of twelve wagons 500,000 souls, of which Manchester may be considerand their loads was 48 tons, 15 cwt. (the latter alone ed as the centre. Nor are the advantages of a rail-way 33 tons, 13 cwt.) the weight of the engine and carriage, merely of a local nature. By means of it and steam 9 tons; total, 54 tons, 15 cwt. The average time, oc- boats, the passage from Manchester to Dublin will be cupied by each of the four journies, forward and reduced to eighteen or twenty hours; the transit of back, was 16 min. 33 sec.; the average velocity, there- goods between the two places is considerable, and fore, 7 93-100 miles per hour; the shortest time occu- rapidly increasing; and, by this rail-road, the rate at pied by any of the four journies was 15 min. 58 sec. which the corn, the flax, the linen, and the butter of the greatest velocity, therefore, 7 1-5 miles per hour. Ireland can be distributed in Lancashire and YorkThe greatest velocity observed in any part of the shire, will be considerably reduced. Among the journies was 9 1-2 miles per hour, being 66 strokes plans for bettering the condition of Ireland, the Liof the engine in a minute. When it is considered verpool rail-road must be considered to take a prothat neither the road nor the engines are to be com- minent station, and the people of Ireland feel that it pared with those that are now made, and that some will do so. They feel that, whatever shortens the parts of the rails were loose and irregular, these ex-time of conveyance, practically diminishes the disperiments may be regarded as quite decisive, as to tance, and whatever is saved in the cost of carriage is the power and speed that may, with safety, be exerted a gain to Ireland." on rail-roads." CHRONICLE. The Review goes on to illustrate the importance of safety, economy and certainty in conveyance of moncy, letters or merchandise. In the duke of Bridge- A naval court of inquiry, to consist of captain Isaac water's canal, the route is said, at certain seasons, to Chauncey, as president, captains William M. Crane be dangerous; in the storm of 1821 and 1822, fifty and George C. Read, as members, and Richard S. vessels were lost or stranded in the river-packages, Core, esq. as judge advocate, has been ordered to aswhich ought to arrive in two days, are some times de-semble at the navy yard in the city of Washington, on tained a week in Liverpool or in Manchester-in | the 2d day of May next, for the purpose of investigatsome cases, goods shipped at New York have aring the causes and motives of the landing of captain rived at Liverpool before goods shipped at Manches- | David Porter, with a military force, at the town of Foxter have reached that port. But allowing for extra-ardo, in the Island of Porto Rico. on the 15th of Noordinary and chance delays-the detention of goods vember last, and of reporting thereon. The same on the wharves-the passage of the locks, connecting court, at the request of captain Porter, has been also the Mersey river with the canals-the state of the ordered to inquire into the allegations which have winds and tides-cause the average length of the pas-been made against him, in relation to the employsage from Manchester to Liverpool to be 36 hours; and the consequence is, that the spinners and dealers are obliged to cart cotton, on a public high road, at the distance of 56 miles. "It is computed that the quantity of merchandise, passing daily between the towns of Liverpool and Manchester, amounts to about 1000 tons, which, reckoning 15s. per ton the freight charged on light goods, for 500 working days, is 1.225,000 a year, or, at 129. 6d. for heavy goods, 187,000 a year; or, by taking the average, about 200,000. Of this, his grace the duke of Bridgewater's successors are said to have long been in the receipt of from 80,000 to 1.100,000 a year, and the proprietors of the Old Quay have been paid, every other year, for nearly a half century, the total amount of their original investment." ment of the force under his command in other objects than those for which it was destined, and particularly in the transportation of specic.-[Nat. Journ. of the last accounts from it-out of 101 inhabitants, Thompson's Island was very unhealthy at the date 43 were on the sick-list. Steam boat enterprise. One of the New York steam boats, not long since, towed two sloops, of eighty tons each, to Albany, in twenty-three hours. They immediately entered the canal basin to load. The next day she was to tow two loaded sloops to New York, taking passengers at a dollar a head; and to keep all the time in motion. This enterprise is hailed as a new era in steam boat history. New York. The legislature of this state adjourned on the 21st ult. A senator of the United States, to supply the place of Mr. King, was not appointed. Sergeant, esq. of Philadelphia; Dr. William Darlingtong Pennsylvania. Dr. Robert M. Patterson and John of Chester county, Albert Gallatin, esq. of Fayette county, and David Scott, esq. of Luzern county, have been appointed, by the governor, to be a board of esnal commissioners. An admirabic selection. "The distance between Liverpool and Manchester, by the Mersey and Irwell canals, exceeds 50 miles; which cannot be performed in one day, and, as we have seen, requires sometimes many days. By a rail road, the distance is reduced to 33 miles, which would always be performed, whether by horses or engines, within the day; by the latter, the same engine would go and return with case the same day, and be subject neither to delay nor risk of damage, nor total loss by adverse winds and storms, which, on the their governor, who was, heretofore, elected by the Georgia. The people of this state are now to elect passage of 18 miles in the tide way of the Mersey, legislature. There will be a warm contest. frequently occur; nor would frost or drought inter-candidates are the present governor, Mr. Troup, and rupt the conveyance. Instead of 153. per. ton, the conveyance on the rail-road, will only cost 10s. and probably less. By the establishment of a rail way, the inhabitants of Liverpool, and those parts adjacent to the line of the road, will be enabled to buy their coals several shillings per ton below the price which they now pay. By opening the collieries to the sea, Liverpool will become one of the greatest ship-ency. the late governor, gen. Clark. The The deaf and dumb institution, established in Manchester, (England), in January last, is already affording excellent proof of its capability to bring into action the faculty of expression. Some of the children can already articulate, in a manner that could not have been anticipated, and are making rapid profici PRINTED BY WILLIAM OGDEN NILFS, AT THE FRANKLIN PRESS, WATER-STREET, EAST OF SOFTE-STREET. THIRD SERIES. No. 10-VOL. IV.] BALTIMORE, MAY 7, 1925. THE PAST-THE PRESENT-FOR THE FUTURE. [VOL. XXVIII. WHOLE NO. 712 edited and puBLISHED BY H. NILES, AT $5 PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. The "National Intelligencer" of Monday last, has the following paragraph: ed in the late revision of the tariff. And who has suffered by that? Has the revenue been diminishedhave the prices of articles advanced on account of it? No-neither has happened. On the contrary, the revenue has increased, for the best of all reasons, that the people are more able to indulge themselves The progress of opinion, favorable to the encou- in the use of foreign luxuries than they were-and ragement of domestic manufactures, as well for the the domestic competition has totally put down the profitable employment of labor in them, that the honest apprehensions of some, and the selfish or purfarmers may possess a good and safe market for their chased clamors of others, concerning monopolies. surplus productions, seems to have given new life to That the nation is benefited many millions a year, by the old spirit of opposition, at home and abroad; and the start that was given to manufactures in the modiwe every day meet with paragraphs like the preced-fication of the tariff, is, to my mind, as evident as that ing, which seemingly regret that the mechanics and I myself am alive-but I have yet to learn that any manufacturers of the United States are doing well, or have enough to do.* "It is said, that the whole number of looms in the "city of Philadelphia, is forty-five hundred. After "this, will any one contend that the manufactures of cloths need additional encouragement?" class of individuals, no matter how few they may be, suffer the least injury from it, except some whose I am well aware of the force of this remark; but interests and affections were wholly "on the other side verily believe that there is a mongrel breed of aris- of the water"--British runners and whippers-in, and trocrats among us, the worst of all breeds that can exclusive venders of British threads, tapes and bobbe, which is really anxious that others should be de- bins. The business of these has been interfernied those means of advancement on which they them-ed with, and I am glad of it. Another measure, a selves built up their own ridiculous pretensions to no-regulation of the sales at auction, will cause more of bility. The children of imported pedlars and hod- them to "close their accounts," and compel them to carriers, or the descendants of some that were trans- make room for American labor and capital, for the ported previous to the revolution, talk about rank!-supply of our own wants--provided the system adoptand, having obtained gentility through the possession ed in the tariff bill, and the principles established in of property, no matter how accumulated, they ap- respect to internal improvements, are carefully guardprehend danger to their own greatness in the com- ed and rigidly adhered to, subject to such revisions mon welfare of the society in which they live. I and improvements as experience shall point out the could easily locate these observations, and not as appli- necessity or propriety of. cable to one place only-but it is unnecessary, and It was my misfortune to stand opposed to many of might appear invidious. The children of pedlars and my most respected friends and fellow laborers, in the hod-carriers, (and especially the last, for it is an honest cause of domestic industry, for several years past, business), or those who were transported, may be as because that I was in favor of a partial, rather than a good as any other persons whatever-ornaments of general alteration of the tariff. I would have taken the society in which they move; but it is laughable up a few things at a time, with a view of encouragthat they should set themselves up as being of the "Co-ing their manufacture, in the belief that they might rinthian order," and treat others as inferiors, because be established in the same way, and to the same degree the latter labor with their hands, to subsist themselves and their families. But many such there are. Time is not allowed, at present, to pursue this subject, or go into an extensive consideration of the present prosperous condition of the United Statesbut an opportunity shall soon be taken to show that this prosperity has been mainly brought about by the transfer of tens of thousands of persons from the consuming to the productive classes, in consequence of the "encouragement," small as it is, that was afford of usefulness, that the businesses of making coarse [white] cotton goods and flannels are established. The first have driven like foreign articles out of the market, by their superior quality and reduced price. The tariff now affords no protection to them, though it built up their manufacture. This is easily demonstratedthey are exported, in very large quantities, and fairly meet the fabricks of Britain and India in most places whereat such articles are in request. Nay, they are so much preferred, on account of quality and price, that the British agents at Buenos Ayres and elsewhere, are *There is a great deal said, too, to render that sys- exerting themselves, to the utmost, to prevent their tem unpopular which raised Great Britain to her pre-introduction-being willing themselves to give up the sent gigantic power, because certain propositions are sale of their own coarse goods, (because we can undermade by the British ministers to relax some parts of sell them), that more of their finer sorts may be contheir system, for the reason that other nations have sumed, and which they know are not, as yet, extenbegun to act upon it, and in a belief that British labor sively manufactured in the United States. But they and capital, aided by scientific power, is now able to will be. The rate of duty on them will be increased sustain itself as to certain specified articles. But if new mills, especially adapted to their manufacture, we carefully examine into the matter, we shall find will be built-their price will decline, as that of the that it is made up only of words, words, words. No- coarser goods has declined-and they, also, will go thing, or next to nothing, has been done to favor the into the exports of the country, in less than five years. much talked-of "freedom of trade," except to in- Already, a considerable quantity of inferior homecrease British means, in the supply of raw materials, made calicoes are exported; and those of a better sort, which she cannot herself produce, or in sufficient some of them very beautiful, are to be found in our quantities. And even admitting that the talked-of mo-wholesale stores, advantageously standing by the dification of her "corn-law" shall really take place-side of such goods imported. Indeed, I am informed, still, the duty upon wheat will be equal to more than that nearly all the calicoes of this description, made one half of the average whole price which our farmers in the eastern states, (and the quantity is large and receive for it, deducting their expenses of convey-rapidly increasing), are disposed of to those who are ing it to our sea-ports for sale, to say nothing of the further co t of transportation, &c. &c. VOL. XXVIII. -10. *One manufactory at Taunton, Mass. owned by regular importers of British goods, whose interest it is to keep them for sale. And as to flannels-a greater quantity of them is now made in the United States than we ever imported, when we did not manufacture one piece of them in a year; and they are cheaper and better than those which we have been accustom-right, that whatever the domestic industry is capable ed to consume. it must come, when those that were the most decidedly opposed to the protective system will be compelled to rely on it; and then they will find, if I should yet be on the stage, that I shall as zealously support the planters as ever I supported the farmers; for I hold it of performing, it should be encouraged to perform. These results, and others that might be mentioned, But it may be remarked, in passing, as being very have produced, and are producing, a mighty revolu- strange-that the sugar planters, who exist by the tion in public opinion. A great national good has protection of the tariff, should act as they do. Do been rendered without individual loss. The people they not fear a re-action? When the public debt is see and feel it, in the increase of business, in a rise reduced and the wants of the government are less, of the value of property, in the accumulation of capi- can they suppose that what has become a necessary tal-all resting upon the profits of labor. The cot- of life will remain protected, to the amount of oneton growers of the south as well as the ship owners of half its original cost, for their exclusive benefit? Why the east, are beginning to discover, that domestic ma- hasten a reduction of the duty on sugar, by a fruitless nufactures, instead of injuriously affecting their busi-opposition to the wishes of the growers of grain? ness, renders it more valuable. The home market consumes fully one fourth, or more, of all the cotton that is made, and so keeps up the price of the commodity in Europe; and this, being manufactured, passes into the hands of the merchants, and furnishes a new and valuable staple for the commerce of the United States. And the disposition is rapidly growing to ascertain what may further be done, to give employment at home and produce profit abroad. The proof of this assertion is to me most evident-the discussion of the tariff bill cost me, perhaps, not less than three hundred subscribers in the southern states. I had no right to complain of it. It was just as fitting for them And now a few words to the paragraph of my to support the doctrines then generally held by the friends, Messrs. Gales and Seaton, who have not yet planters and merchants, as for me to urge those main- been specially alluded to, though their article is tained by the farmers and mechanics. The parties placed at the head of these remarks. Because there were free, as I hope they ever will be, to think and are 4,500 looms in Philadelphia, they suppose the act as they pleased. But latterly, I am happy to say, manufacturers of cloths will hardly ask for "additionthat some of those who withdrew their subscription, al encouragement." This is a manner of speaking on account of the course pursued in the REGISTER in that I have often complained of, in my different conrespect to the tariff, have renewed them, frankly ex-troversies with these gentlemen. As Mr. Ritchie pressing changes of opinion; and many others will, no once said of them, it is so "eel-like" that one cannot doubt, do the same and likewise! The time will come-get hold of it: But it seems natural. "CLOTHS?” Messrs. Crocker, Otis and Richmond, finishes one hundred and fifty pieces of these fine calicoes per day! and one thousand persons are employed in the establishment. *Since I began the writing of this article, the following article, from the "Portland Argus," presented itself But to return. It is this revolution in opinion that causes the present very general out-cry of the enemies of domestic industry-and they tell us what Great Britain is about to do for the "freedom of trade!" [See page 155.] We understand all this very well, and they who live a few years will see the end of it. Britain will not withdraw her restrictions, as to any matter or thing, in which the labor and capital of other nations can be brought into action against her own labor and capital, unless of necessity, or for some ad captandum purpose. She will readily "throw out a sprat to catch a mackerel," as the saying is. - cottons, which sell at from 15 to 25 cents per yard, or 7-4 woollens, that fetch from 10 to 12 dollars? It means any thing or nothing-yes, nothing, any thing, except that it is a "slap at" the monopolizing propensities of manufacturers, who want to eat up every body and then eat up themselves,-like the man who jumped down his own throat! But cottons that have sold at 11 cents per yard are "cloths," and so are woollens that sell for as many dollars. They are all "cloths." Yet, what sort of "cloths" are made in these looms? They are such cloths as either go into the export trade of the United States directly themselves, or directly supply any vacancies that may be caused by such export. They are chiefly coarse cotton cloths, and we have not supposed that "additional encouragement" for their manufacture was thought of by any body. But I will ask the editors, if this branch of business had not been encouraged, whether they apprehend there would now have been "forty-five hundred looms in Philadelphia?" I guess not. The spirit of enterprise, in this country, we believe, was never more active than at the present moment. It may be noticed in the vast sums which are appropriated for making roads and canals, and for the various purposes of internal improvement: and particularly in the extensive manufacturing establishments that are almost daily forming in every section of our country. As an instance of the latter, we notice the sale of Cutt's Island, in Saco, a neighboring town. This property, which has long been considered, by many, as the most eligible situation, for an extensive manufacturing establishment, of any in the United States, on account of the many peculiar advantages which it enjoys, was sold at public auction, On the 23d March, 1823, the editors of the "Nationon the 18th inst. and struck off to a company in Bos-al Intelligencer" said that, the manufacturing interest ton, for the sum of 78,000 dollars. The same com-was protected better than any other interest-that it floupany have made extensive purchases in the vicinity, rished at the expense of every other interest. Proof of the amounting to about 120,000 dollars. Another com- fact was repeatedly asked at the time-but, though pany, we understand, have made purchases of very they said much "about and about" the subject, they valuable mill privileges on the eastern bank of the never touched it. I am glad now that I can help them river, to the amount of 25,000 to 30,000 dollars. It is to maintain the position that they took, though not to said, that one of these companies alone, contemplate the extent they assumed. expending, immediately, in the erection of buildings and the purchase of machinery, a million and a half of dollars. Thus the town of Saco appears destined to become one of the first manufacturing places in New Ingland, if not in the United States. Real estate in that town, in some situations, has already risen three or Jon handred per cent. If by "cloths" we mean only the coarse cotton goods, and by the manufacturing interest the interest in mak *It is probable that, from first to last, as many people are subsisted by these looms as there are in the city of Washington, of all sorts, sizes, sexes and colors. Is not this something? ing such goods, I am willing to agree that they and it | States. At one time we have the mania, in the shape are so well protected that they require no protection of mite societies or tread mills-at another, in "Logic at all-if it will please them to have it so! This is hats" or missionary matters-at a third, in hissings "going the whole." However, I cannot agree that at Kean, the adulterer, or plaudits of Miss F, the even this interest is protected at the expense of every kept mistress. Now we have it in stock companies. other interest. There are, at least, two exceptions There will be a smash-equal to that caused by the blowto this general rule-the commercial and whale-fishing ing up of the banks some time ago. We are grossly interests. It is true, that we are at the cost of mi-abusing the prosperity that we have. nisters and agents to the new republics of the south, to create or preserve the most friendly relations with BALTIMORE. It is proposed to build a magnificent them, that, (among other things), they may buy our hotel in this city, at the corner of Calvert and Fayette "cloths;" and, at the expense of, perhaps, 200,000 streets, near the "Baltimore monument," and, in dollars a year-we keep up a squadron in the Pacific part, bounding on Washington Square-in the very to protect our trade there;- -still, it must be admit- heart of the city, and yet one of the most pleasant ted that the merchants and fishermen are as much pro-locations that could be selected. The lots are 120 fect tected thereby as the cotton-spinners, and it follows front and 150 feet deep-the building to be called the that the last are not "protected at the expense of "City Hotel," and placed under the charge of Mr. every other interest!" With this demonstration I shall David Barnum, whose established reputation will close my remarks, and simply observe that, if we guarantee the best possible accommodations that can are to believe the various commercial letters which be furnished. we have seen published from South America, it would appear, that the export of American cotton goods has yielded more profit to our merchants, during the last year, than all the rest of the articles which they sent to that part of the world. GEN. LAFAYETTE arrived at New Orleans on the 10th ult. and was received with all possible attention and respect. The city was illuminated on the 13th. It is stated that his section of land will be located in Alabama-not Florida, as has been reported. FLOUR. It appears that the late speculation in The following toast was given by gen. Lafayette, four was mainly caused by letters from Gibraltar, at the masonic festival in New Orleans: giving accounts of sales at $8 per barrel. The stock "The brethren who worked together on the lines of grain is said to be short in Spain and Barbary-on the 8th of January, and the master-workman who but the people of these countries cannot pay for any directed them." large quantity imported, and it may be had cheaper from the Black sea than from the United States. On TRAVELLING. The new steam boat Trenton has Friday, last week, it was held, in Baltimore, at $6 made the trip from Philadelphia to Burlington, twenty per barrel-5 50 were offered and refused. The miles, in one hour and twenty minutes. The passame price was put upon it at Philadelphia. The de-sage, from Natchez to Philadelphia, nearly 2,500 mand is limited and not lively, at about 5 50. miles, has been made in nineteen 'days-though the greater part of the journey was against the currents of the Mississippi and Ohio, which, at this season of the year, is equal to about 2 miles per hour. The "Chief Justice Marshal," a now steam boat, running between the cities of New York and Troy, has made CAST STEEL, of a very superior quality, and at a the passage from the first named place to Albany, (160 lower price than it has heretore been sold at, is now miles), in 14 hours 30 minutes, though her speed was manufactured in New York. Thus we go on, step checked, to land passengers, at ten different places. by step, up the "ladder of independence;" and it al-As the journey from Boston to New York is made in most daily happens that some new branch of business is started, or others extended, for the successful employment of the people. What thanks are due to Messrs. Clay, Baldwin, Tod, and others, for the perseverance and power with which they maintained the "American system?" The losses on flour shipped to Lima, &c. have been enormous. It was selling there for four dollars and an half per barrel. It was also a perfect drug at Rio Janeiro, Buenos Ayres, &c. SPECULATION OR CAPITAL. We have already mentioned that ten millions of dollars were subscribed for the stock of the New York water works company, though only two millions were wanted-and last week, in the same city, twenty millions were subscribed for the stock of the Morris canal and banking company, the capital of which is limited to one million. And lately, at Philadelphia, when the stock of the bank of Southwark was to be subscribed for, such was the eagerness to obtain it, that persons appear to have been employed for the express purpose of fighting their way to the books, and bloody noses and black eyes were "in order." Many persons were knocked down, and one, at least, is said actually to have died in consequence of the squeezing and scrambling and fighting that he met with. And at Providence, R. 1. on the 22nd ult. when the books were opened to receive subscriptions for the stock of the Blackstone canal, $1,127,900 were immediately written for, or nearly three times the amount allowed to be taken at that place, and more than twice that of the whole quantity required-the stock being only 500,000. It is strange that no sort of madness can break out in England, without affecting us in the United 26 hours, from New York to Philadelphia in 10% hours, and from Philadelphia to Baltimore in 12 hours, a person may pass from Boston to Baltimore, without fatigue, in 48 hours. If any one had predicted this during the time of the witches of New England RAPID MOVEMENTS. When, on the 16th ultimo, we spoke of the speculations in cotton, coffee, &o. it was mentioned that a vessel had arrived at Baltimore, from Port au Prince, on Saturday, and, after discharging one cargo and taking another on board, departed for the place from whence she came on the following day. The vessel was the schooner Mork, and she reached Cape Henry in eight days from Baltimore, and six from the capes of the Chesapeake; and only nineteen days were occupied in her late passages from and to Hayti! She was the first vessel that arrived with the news, and all the coffee was bought up at Cape Henry and Port au Prince before the arrival of the other vessels, which sailed from New-York four days before the Mork left Baltimore. "NEW ALBANY." In our paper of the 16th ultimo, there is an article, copied from the "Providence Patriot," which notices the arrival of a quantity of window glass, at that place, from New Albany, in Indi *The distance between New York and Philadelphia has been "done" in 9 hours 55 minutes, and from Philadelphia to Baltimore in less than eleven hours. |