rights do not exist, to the exclusion of the common right, that of fishing belongs to all the citizens or subjects of the state-it is the property of all, to be enjoyed by them in subordination to the laws which regulate its use. They may be considered as tenants, in common, of this property, and they are so exclusively entitled to the use of it, that it cannot be enjoyed by others without the tacit consent or the express permission of the sovereign who has the power to regulate its use. sidered as admiralty offences at that period, either under the common law or the ancient ordinances and statutes of the admiralty, it remains yet to be shown that they became such, and were cognizable by the judiciary of the United States, independent of some act of the national legislature to render them so. Many of those offences are already incorporated into the criminal code of the United States; and no congress, by further legislation, to include many other person, it is presumed, will question the power of This power in the legislature of New Jersey, to ex- offences, to which the jurisdiction of the admiralty in clude the citizens of the other states from a participa- England extended at the period above alluded to.tion in the right of taking oysters within the waters But it is, by no means, to be conceded that, because of that state, was denied by the plaintiff's counsel, offences, of the nature we are row considering, may upon principles of public law, independent of the rightfully belong to the jurisdiction of the English adprovision of the constitution which we are consider-miralty, the power of that government to regulate ing, upon the ground that they are incapable of being her fisheries being unquestionable, congress has a appropriated until they are caught. This argument like power to declare similar acts, or any acts at all, is unsupported we think by authority. Rutherforth, done by individuals in relation to the fisheries within B. I. c. 5. s. 4 and 5, who quotes Grotius as his au- the limits of the respective states, offences against the thority, lays it down that, although wild beasts, birds United States. There are, doubtless, acts that may be and fishes, which have not been caught, have never, done upon the navigable waters of a state, which the in fact, been appropriated, so as to separate them government of the United States, and that of the state, from the common stock, to which all men are equally have a concurrent power to prohibit and to punish as But we hold that the entitled; yet, where the exclusive right in the water offences-such, for example, as throwing ballast into and soil which a person has accasion to use in taking them, or in any other way impeding the free use and them, is vested in others, no other person can claim navigation of such rivers. the liberty of hunting, fishing, or fowling, on land or power to regulate the fisheries belonging to the sevewaters which are so appropriated. "The sovereign," ral states, and to punish those who should transgress says Grotius, b. 2. c. 2. s. 5, "who has dominion over those regulations, was exclusively vested in the the land or waters, in which the fish are, may prohi- states, respectively, at the time when the present conbit foreigners, [by which expression we understand stitution was adopted, and that it was not surrenderralty and maritime jurisdiction to the judicial branch him to mean others than subjects or citizens of the ed to the United States by the mere grant of admistate], from taking them." of the government. Indeed, this power in the states, to regulate their fisheries in navigable rivers and waters, was not, in direct terms, questioned by the plaintiff's counsel, and yet their argument upon this point, when followed out to its necessary consequences, amounts to a denial of that power. That this exclusive right of taking oysters in the waters of New Jersey, has never been ceded by that state, in express terms, to the United States, is admitted by the counsel for the plaintiffs and having shown, as we think we have, that this right is a right As to the ancient criminal jurisdiction of the adof property, vested either in certain individuals or in the state, for the use of the citizens thereof, it would, in our opinion, be going quite too far, to con- miralty, in cases of misdemeanors, generally commitstrue the grant of privileges and immunities of citi-ted on sea or on waters out of the body of any country, zens, as amounting to a grant of a cotenancy in the we have very respectable authority for believing that common property of the state, to the citizens of all it was not exercised, even if it existed, at the period the other states. Such a construction would, in when the constitution of the United States was formmany instances, be productive of the most serious ed; and, if so, it would seem to follow, that, to the public inconvenience and injury, particularly in re-exercise of jurisdiction over such offences, some act gard to those kinds of fish, which, by being exposed of the national legislature, to punish them as offences to too general use, may be exhausted. The oyster against the United States, is necessary. We find, beds belonging to a state, may be abundantly suffi- from the opinions of learned and eminent counsel, cient for the use of the citizens of that state, but who were consulted on the subject, that misdemeanmight be totally exhausted and destroyed, if the legis-ars, committed upon the sea, had never been conlature could not so regulate the use of them, as to exclude the citizens of the other states from taking them, except under such limitations and restrictions as the laws may prescribe. strued as being embraced by the stat. 23, H. 8, c. 15; and that the criminal jurisdiction of the admiralty, obsolete; so that, without an act of parliament, they except as exercised under that statute, had become 3d. It is lastly objected, that this act violates that could not be prosecuted at all. 2 Brown's C. and part of the constitution, which extends the judicial law, app'x, 519 to 521. If then it could be admitted power of the United States to all cases of admiralty that congress might legislate upon the subject of fisheand maritime jurisdiction. The taking of oysters ries within the limits of the several states, upon the out of season, and with destructive instruments, such grounds of the admiralty and maritime jurisdiction, as dredges, is said to be an offence against the ancient it would scem to be a conclusive answer to the whole ordinances and statutes of the admiralty, and that it is punished by the admiralty as a misdemeanor. The authority relied upon to establish this doctrine, is one of sir L. Jenkins' charges, to be found in the 2d vol. of Brown's C. and A. Law, p. 475. of the argument on this point. But no such legislation Secondly. The next general question to be copju-sidered is, whether the boundaries of the state of New Jersey include the place where the Hiram was seized whilst engaged in dredging for cysters. The amount of the argument is, that some offences, of this kind, are cases of admiralty and maritime risdiction. The laws of a state upon the same subject, vesting in the same tribunals jurisdiction over them, are repugnant to this grant of jurisdiction to the ju diciary of the United States. This argument, we think, cannot be maintained.For, although the various misdemeanors, enumerated by sir L. Jenkins in his charges, may have been con The grant from Charles II. to his brother the duke of York, of the territory of which the present state of New Jersey was a part, dated 12th March, 1663—4, was of all that territory lying between the rivers St. Croix, adjoining Nova Scotia, and extending along the sea coast, southerly, to the eastside of the Delaware bay, together with all islands, soils, rivers, harbors, marshes, waters, lakes, fishings, huntings, sportings, and all the royalties, profits, commodities, hereditaments and appurtenances, to the same belonging and appertaining, with full power to govern the same. The grant of the duke of York, dated 24th June, 1664, to lord Berkley and sir Geo. Carteret, after reciting the above grant, conveys to them all that tract of land, lying to the westward of Long Island and Manhatten Island, bounded, on the east, part by the main sea, and part by Hudson's river, "and hath upon the west Delaware bay or river, and extended southward," &c. "with all rivers, fishings, and all other royalties to the said premises belonging," &c. the river Delaware, annexed to their respective There is no material difference between these In this state of things the revolution was commencgrants, as to the boundaries of New Jersey, on the ed and conducted to a successful issue, when his Briwestward, and we are of opinion that, although the tannic majesty, by the treaty of peace, acknowledged rule of the law of nations is, that where a nation the several states to be sovereign and independent, takes possession of a country, separated by a river and relinquished all claims, not only to the governfrom another nation, and it dont appear which had the ment, but to the proprietary and territorial right of prior possession of the river, they shall each extend the same. The right of the crown to the bay and to the middle of it; yet that, when the claim to the river Delaware being thus extinguished, it would country is founded, not on discovery, and occupancy, seem to follow that the right, claimed by New Jersey but on grant, the boundary on the river must depend in those waters, was thereby confirmed, unless a betupon the just construction of the grant and intention ter title to the same should be found to exist in some of the parties, to be discovered from its face. Tak- other state. Whether the claim of New Jersey exing this as the rule, we think that the claim of New tended to the middle of the bay, as we see, by the Jersey, under these grants, to any part of the bay or compact with Pennsylvania, it did to the middle of river Delaware, below water mark, cannot be rain- the river, is a question which we have no means of tained. The principle here suggested is, we conceive, solving. But that the proprietors and inhabitants of fully recognized and adopted by the supreme court, west New Jersey made use of the bay, both for naviin the case of Handly's lessee v. Anthony, 5 Wheat. gation and fishing, under a claim of title from a periNeither do we conceive that the limits of the state od nearly coeval with the grants of the province, can can, by construction, be enlarged by virtue of the hardly admit of a doubt. This right, indeed, is exgrant of all rivers, fishings, and other royalties, which pressly granted by the duke of York to William expressions ought, we think, to be confined to rivers, Penn and the other proprietaries of west New Jer fishings, and royalties, within the boundaries of the sey, by his grant, bearing date 6th Aug. 1680. It granted premises. This appears to have been the opi- contains a grant, not only of all bays and rivers, to the nion of the crown lawyers, who were consulted, more granted premises belonging, but also the free use of all than a century ago, respecting the boundaries of New bays and rivers leading into or lying between the Jersey and Pennsylvania; and this, too, after hearing granted premises, for navigation, fishing or otherwise. counsel upon the question. Their opinion was, that The only objection which could have been opposed to the right to the river Delaware and the islands therein, the exercise of those acts of ownership, under this still remained in the crown. See Chalmer's opinions. grant, was, that the duke had himself no title to the Notwithstanding this objection to the title of New bay and river Delaware, under the royal grant to him. Jersey, whilst a proprietary government, to any part But the presumption is, nevertheless, irresistible, of the bay and river Delaware, it seems that the pro-that the benefits intended to be bestowed by this prietaries of West Jersey claimed, if not the whole of grant, and which were confirmed by the other acts of the river, a part of it, at least, below low water mark, the provincial government, before noticed, were as far back as the year 1683, as appears by a resolu- considered by the inhabitants of the province as betion of the assembly of that province, in that year, ing too valuable not to be enjoyed by them. This "that the proprietary of the province of Pennsylva- use of the bay and rivers amounted to an appropriania should be treated with, in reference to the rights tion of the water so used. Vat. b. 1. c. 22. s. 266: and privileges of this province, to or in the river De- and this title became, as has before been observed, laware." indefeasible by the treaty of peace, except as against By certain concessions of the proprietaries, free-some other state, having an equally good or a better holders, and inhabitants of west New Jersey, sometime about the year 1676, they granted that all the inhabitants of the province should have liberty of fishing in Delaware river or on the sea coast. In 1693, a law passed in that province, which enacted that all persons, not residing within that province or within the province of Pennsylvania, who should kill or bring on shore any whale, in Delaware bay, or elsewhere within the boundaries of that government, should be liable to a certain penalty. In the year 1771, another act was passed for improving the navigation of the Delaware, and, in 1783, another act was passed, which annexed all islands, islets and dry land, in the river Delaware, belonging to the state, as low down as the state of Delaware, to such counties as they lay nearest to. And, in the same year, the compact was made between the states of New Jersey and Pennsylvania, by which the legislatures of the respective states were authorized to pass laws for regulating and guarding the fisheries in title. How far this title in New Jersey may be affected by the grants of the duke of York to William Penn, in 1682, of the tract of country which now forms the state of Delaware, it would be improper in this case to decide. But that the use of the bay for navigation and fishing was claimed and enjoyed by the inhabitants of that province, under those grants, is as fairly to be presumed as that it was so claimed and used by the inhabitants of New Jersey; and we are strongly inclined to think that, if the right of the former of these states to the bay of Delaware was founded on no other title but that of appropriation, by having used it for purposes of navigation and fishing, the effect of the revolution and of the treaty of peace was to extend the limits of those states to the middle of the bay, from its mouth upwards. But be the title of the state of Delaware what it may, we are clearly of opinion, that, as between the plaintiff, who asserts and has certainly shown, no condicting title in the state of Delaware, to the bay, and the state of New Jersey, or those acting under the sanction of her laws, the court is bound to consider that law as a sufficient justification of the proceedings under it, provided the locus in quo was within the body of the county of Cumberland, which is next to be considered. Third. The third general question then is, whether, admiting the locus in quo to be within the territorial limits of New Jersey, it is within the limits of the county of Cumberland, in which the proceedings complained of took place. The boundaries of this county, towards the bay, are thus discribed in the act which created it-"bounded by his own government, during the late war, and says that efforts were made by us to induce them to join our standard), introduces the following "talk" as a proof of the policy which we pursued with reference to this unfortunate people; and, though it is notorious that the only efforts made by us was to keep them at peace, it is pleasant to meet with this beautiful and appropriate address of president Madison-now published for the first time. "Talk of the president of the United States to the deputies from several tribes who accompanied governor Clark to Washington-1812. MY RED CHILDREN: You have come through a long by Cape May county to Delaware bay, and then up Del-path to see your father, but it is a straight and a clean aicare bay to the place of beginning." If the opinion of the path, kept open for my red children, who hate crookcourt, upon the last preceding question, as to the con- ed walks-I thank the Great Spirit that he has brought struction of the original grant from Charles II. to the you in health through the long journey; and that he duke of York, be correct, it would seem to follow that gives us a clear sky and bright sun for our meeting. the western boundary of this county extends only to I had heard from gen. Clarke of the good dispositions low-water mark on Delaware bay, the expression of several of the nations on and west of the Missis"to Delaware bay," implying nothing more than tosippi; and that they shut their ears to the bad birds the east side of that bay, which the law extends to hovering about them for some time past. This made low-water mark. We mean not, however, to give me wish to see the principal chiefs of those bands. I any decided opinion on this point, because, in the love to shake hands with hearts in them. first place, if there be any weight in the above suggestion, (and nothing more is intended), the legisla-with the white people of the eighteen fires, are made ture of that state, can at any time, should it be deemed necessary, define, with greater precision, the limits of the counties bordering on the bay; and, secondly, because we think it unnecessary to decide that point in the present case, being clearly of opinion, fourthly, that the objections to this form of action are fatal. The red people, who live on the same great island by the Great Spirit out of the same earth, from parts of it, differing in color only. My regard for all my red children has made me desirous that the bloody tomahawk should be buried between the Osages, the Cherokees, and the Choctaws. I wish also that the hands of the Shawanese and the Osage should be joined in my presence, as a pledge to cherish and observe the peace made at St. Louis. This was a good peace for both. It is a chain that ought to hold them fast in friendship. Neither blood nor rust should ever be upon it. It is an action of trespass, brought by the owner of the Hiram, for illegally seizing, taking and carrying away the said vessel. It appears, by the evidence that, at the time of the alleged trespass, the vessel was in possession of John Keen, in virtue of a hiring I am concerned at the war which has long been of her to him, for a month, by Hand, who had pre-kept up by the Sacs and Foxes against the Osages; viously hired her of the plaintiff, and that the time, for which Keen had hired her, had not expired when the seizure was made. The question is, can the plaintiff, under these circumstances, maintain this action? and that latterly a bloody war is carried on between the Osages and loways. I now tell my red children here present that this is bad for both parties. They must put under my feet their evil intentions against each other; and henceforward live in peace and good will; each hunting on their own lands, and working their own soil. We hold the law to be clearly settled, that, to enable a person to maintain trespass or trover for an injury done to a personal chattel, the plaintiff must Your father loves justice. He cxtends it to all the have had, at the time the injury was done, either ac- red tribes. When they keep the chain of friendship tual or constructive possession of the thing as well with the eighteen fires bright, he will protect them, as a general or a qualified property therein. The and do them good. If any make the chain bloody, it merely being out of the actual possession, is not suf- must be broken on their heads. The Winebagoes, ficient to defeat the action, provided he has a right and some other tribes between the Mississippi and to demand it, because the general property, prima lake Michigan and the Wabash, Lave shut their ears facie, draws to it the possession. But, if the general to my counsels. They have killed men, women and owner part with the possession to another person, children; and have plundered the white people. They under a contract which entitles such person to an in-refuse to give up the murderers, and to return the terest in the thing, though for a limited time, the owner cannot be considered as having a constructive possession during that time, and, consequently, he cannot maintain an action of trespass for an injury done to it during such possession of the bailee. His only remedy is an action on the case for consequential damages. (See 1 Chit. Plead. 166, 167, 150, and the cases there cited; also, 8 Johns. Rep. 337; 7 Johns. Rep. 9, 535; 11 Johns. Rep. 385.) The Hiram, then, having been lawfully in possession of Keen, under a contract of hiring for a month, which time had not expired at the time the alleged trespass was commited, the action cannot be supported. stolen property. Time enough has been allowed them; when they feel the punishment, they must blame their own folly and the bad counsels to which they have listened. I will not suffer my white children to be killed without punishing the murderers. A father ought to give good advice to his children; and it is the duty of his children to harken to it. The people composing the eighteen fires are a great people. You have travelled through their country. You see they cover the land, as the stars fill the sky, and are as thick as the trees in your forests. Notwithstanding their great power, the British king has attacked them on the great water beyond which he lives. He robbed their ships and carried away the people belonging to them. Some of them he murdered. Ilc has an old grudge against the eighteen fires, because, when he tried to make them dig and plant for his people beThe "National Journal," in repeiling some slanders of yond the great water, not for themselves, they sent the Quarterly Review,as to the conduct of the govern-out warriors who beat his warriors; they drove off the ment of the U. States in respect to the Indians-(in bad chiefs he had sent among them, and set up good which the British writer justifies their employment chiefs of their own. The eighteen fires did this when Let judgment be entered for the defendant. Talk to Indians. As we cannot always see one another, the distance being great, my words, from time to time, will be delivered by general Clarke, and others who may be near you. Your words will always come to me through the same hands. I hope they will always be CHRONICLE. Thompson's Island remains very unhealthy. The deaths average three per week; and, of the 30 marines stationed there, it is said that not more than ten were fit for duty, on the 8th April. Appointment by the president. Philip C. Pendleton, of Virginia, to be judge of the United States, for the western district of Virginia, in place of John C. Jackson, deceased. they had not the strength they now have. Their the things convenient to you. We are now enlarg blows will now be much heavier, and will soon makeing our work-shops and our weaving-houses, and him do them justice. It happened when the thirteen soon there will be no difficulty. fires, now increased to eighteen, forced the Britsh king to treat them as an independent nation, one little fire did not join them. This he has held ever since. It is there that his agents and traders plot quarrels and wars between the eighteen fires and their red brethren, and between one red tribe and another. Mal-good words." den is the place where all the bad birds have their nests. There they are fed with false tales against the eighteen fires, and sent out with bloody belts in their bills, to drop among the red people, who would otherwise remain at peace. It is for the good of all the red people as well as the people of the eighteen fires, that a stop should be put to this mischief. Their warriors can do it. They are gone and going to CanaThe U. S. store ship Decoy, lieut. com. Mix, has arda for this purpose. They want no help from their rived at Norfolk from Thompson's island. The capred brethren. They are strong enough without it.-tain of the pirates, captured by the Sea Gull, had died The British, who are weak, are doing all they can by of his wounds, and it was believed that the rest would their bad birds, to decoy the red people into the war soon be tried by a military commission at Havana. on their side. I warn all the red people to avoid the The officers and crews of the squadron were generalruin this must bring upon them. And I say to you, my ly in good health. No reports of recent acts of piracy. children, your father does not ask you to join his warriors. Sit still on your seats; and be witnesses that they are able to beat their enemies, and protect their red friends. This is the fatherly advice I give you. I have a further advice for my red children. You Appointment and election. Richard Goodell, esq. see how the country of the eighteen fires is filled speaker of the New York assembly, in 1824, has been with people. They increase like the corn they put appointed keeper of the state prison at Auburn; and into the ground. They all have good houses to shelPluck, hostler at the tavern at the corner of ter them from all weathers; good clothes suitable to Third and Callowhill streets, Philadelphia, has been all seasons; and as for food of all sorts, you see they elected colonel of the 84th regiment, Pennsylvania have enough, and to spare. No man, woman or child, militia, by an overwhelming majority. The last, it of the eighteen fires, ever perished of hunger. Com- seems, had for its purpose to bring the militia into pare all this with the condition of the red people. contempt! They are scattered here and there in handfuls. Their lodges are cold, leaky and smokey. They have hard fare, and often not enough of it. Why this mighty difference? The reason, my red children, is plain.cle of gunpowder shall be shipped. The white people breed cattle and sheep. They plough the earth, and make it give them every thing they want. They spin and weave. Their heads and their hands make all the elements and productions of nature useful to them. Above all, the people of the eighteen fires live in constant peace and friendship. No tomahawk has ever been raised by one against another. Not a drop of blood has ever touched the chain that holds them together as one family. All their belts are white belts. It is in your power to be like them. The ground that feeds one lodge by hunting, would feed a great band by the plough and the hoe. The Great Spirit has given you, like your white brethren, good heads to contrive; strong arms and active bodies. Use them like your white brethren; not all at once, which is difficult, but by little and little, which is easy. Especially, live in peace with one another, like your white brethren of the eighteen fires; and like them, your little sparks will grow into great fires. You will be well fed, well clothed, dwell in good houses, and enjoy the happiness for which you, like them, were created. The Great Spirit is the friend of men of all colors. He made them to be friends of one another. The more they are so, the more he will be their friend. These are the words of your father to his red children. The Great Spirit, who is the father of us all, approves them. Let them pass through the ear, into the heart. Carry them home to your people. And as long as you remember this visit to your father of the eighteen fires, remember these are his last and best words Insurance. The insurance companies in Charleston, S. C. have come to the resolution, not to insure property on board any steam boat in which the arti Cincinnati. An office of the bank of the United States is again organized in this city, which is represented as being in a very flourishing condition. Many new houses are building, and several additional steam boats are on the stocks. A sheet iron steam boat is building at York, Pa. for the navigation of the Susquehannah. Advertising1,115 new advertisements appeared in the New York Gazette, in 7 days, commencing on the 14th April and ending on the 21st-and, in the same paper, of the 26th April, there were two hundred and thirteen new advertisements, though 23 that were offered could not be got in! Islands of ice. We observe, by the New York Daily Advertiser, that capt. Blair, of the ship Flora, from Liverpool, reports that he passed near the banks of Newfoundland, about 200 islands of ice, the largest at least a mile in circumference, and about 300 feet high, and several others nearly of the same size. Also, saw a number of seals on the ice; and to the southward of it, a number of large whales. Washington, May 2. We understand that all the foreign ministers and charge d'affaires of foreign governments near that of the United States, have presented congratulations to the president of the United States, on the occasion of his recent election. On Tuesday last, Mr. Addington, (charge d'affaires from Great Britain), at an interview, requested by him for that purpose, presented those of his government, by its special direction. *What a mass this must have been, if the account is any thing like correct! It is only, we believe, about the ninth part of a lump of floating ice that appears above the surface of the water. PRINTED BY WILLIAM OGDEN NILES, AT THE FRANKLIN PRESS, WATER-STREET, EAST OF SOUTH-STREET. THIRD SERIES. No. 12-VOL. IV.] BALTIMORE, MAY 21, 1825. [VOL. XXVIII. WHOLE NO. 714 THE PAST-THE PRESENT-FOR THE FUTURE. EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY H. NILES, AT $5 PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. We have given up a considerable space to an not, it is quite certain that much more cotton will be insertion of "Hamilton's" remarks on Mr. Huskis-planted this year than was last. son's propositions, for the removal of certain restrictions on trade-and solicit an attentive perusal of them, that the difference between sound and substance may be clearly discerned. MR. CLAY left Washington on Saturday last to visit his family in Kentucky, and make the necessary arrangements for their removal to the seat of government. It is expected that he will be absent several weeks. A letter has been received at Boston, from Charleston, dated the 3d inst. which mentions that a sale of a lot of 58 bales of Sea Island cotton had been effected there at 92 cents per pound, producing the sum of 18,000 dollars, and that, for another lot, 105 cents had been refused. A letter from Marseilles, dated April 2, reports that the crop of cotton in Egypt had turned out to be much less than was expected-that it would not exceed 170,000 bales of 230 lbs. (English) each. We learn, by the Savannah Republican of the 9th MR. CRAWFORD partook of a public dinner at Lex- of May, that the ship Oglethorpe, captain Taubner, ington, Geo. It is said that he was "unusually cheer-cleared from that port on Saturday, the 7th inst. for ful," which would shew an increase of health. The Liverpool, having on board 639 bales of Upland cotfollowing were among the toasts drank on the occasion: ton, and 425 bales Sea Island do. weighing 344,752 Our country and its laws-Love to the one and sub-lbs.-value 129,116 dollars and 24 cents. This is, mission to the other. we believe, the most valuable cargo of the kind ever shipped from the United States. The revolution-Its history has been revived in our memories, and its patriotism rekindled in our bosoms, by the visit of "the nation's guest." The constitution-The arch of our political liberty; let it not be touched with unhallowed hands. Greece The land of honorable death-her sons will live freemen or live no more. THE EARTHQUAKE noticed in the last REGISTER, appears to have been more calamitous than was first reported. A letter of the 7th March, from Algiers, published in the London papers, gives a detailed account of the earthquake at Belida. Of 15,000 inhabitants, only 300, and some of them wounded, are said to have escaped; 280 children were crushed in the ruins of one school. 7,000 bodies, horribly mutilated, had been extricated from the ruins. The troops whom the dey had sent to superintend and asad-sist in the work of relief, had been attacked and put to flight by the Cobails, descendants of the ancient Numidians. South America-Hail victorious country! May your liberty be as durable as the foundations of your everlasting Andes. The state of Georgia-Rich in her resources-democratic in her principles. Mr. Crawford's volunteer was-The present ministration-let it be judged by its measures. MR. CALHOUN, vice president of the United States, on arriving at his home, in Pendleton, S. C. was invited to and partook of a public dinner, given by his neighbors and friends. It shall be further noticed in our next. COTTON. In reply to some remarks of a Savannah editor, upon the subject of raising cotton in Virginia, the editor of the Norfolk Herald makes the following interesting statement: BATLLE OF BUNKER'S HILL. The subjoined letter was addressed to a gentleman in New York, explaining the views of the society who have undertaken the erection of a monument in commemoration of this event: "Cambridge, December 26, 1824. "Dear sir: It has been suggested to the standing committee of the Bunker Hill monument association, that the sons of New England, established in different parts of the union, might be pleased to unite with "That the climate of Virginia is as favorable for their brethren at home, in commemorating the event the culture of cotton as Georgia, is not to be suppos- of the 17th June, 1775, by a monumental structure ed; but the climate is so far propitious, that those on the spot where the battle was fought. The assowho have undertaken to raise cotton, find it a more ciation, instituted for this object, has had the good profitable crop, at ten cents per pound, than Indian fortune to find a strong disposition, on the part of the corn at two and a half dollars per barrel. The quality community, to second their designs. Although the of cotton raised in Virginia, we are told by dealers in official returns of the subscription papers are not yet the article, is superior to the Georgia Uplands. For rendered, it is estimated that, in Boston and the visome years past, the farmers, on the south side of cinity, a sum of about $50,000 has been subscribed. James river, have been cultivating cotton very ex-As subscription books were sent to the selectmen of tensively, and we have heard it estimated that nearly every town in Massachusetts, a sum, considerably a fourth of the land, heretofore planted with Indian larger than this, will, it is hoped, be raised in the corn, has, this year, been appropriated to the cultiva- commonwealth. It is less, therefore, under the imtion of cotton. Our climate has undergone a mani-pression that distant aid is needed, than in the belief fest change within the last twenty years, greatly in favor of the growth of cotton-the spring being more cool and the fall season much warmer and more uniform in its temperature than formerly." The Catawba Journal, of the 26th ult. printed at Charlotte, in North Carolina, observes, that, if the coming season should prove favorable, the next crop of cotton will be large. We have been told that, since the extraordinary advance in the price of cotton, fields, already planted with corn, have been ploughed up, and replanted with cotton; whether this be so or VOL. XXVIII.—12. that the descendants of New England, wherever established, will be pleased to bear their part in this undertaking, designed to commemorate the most signal effort of the conduct and valor of their native land, that the present application is made. Copies are herewith enclosed to you of two eircular addresses, which have been issued by the directors of the association, and which will be furnished to you for distribution, at your request, in any number you may wish. Of the certificate of admission to the association, also, blank copies will be furnished you for |