of mackerel; in 1823 and 4, from 90,000 to 100,000 sand men will be established round this city at the barrels. The worth of those in 1824, would average time of the coronation. It is believed that the in$400,000. About one hundred and fifty vessels were fantry regiments of the nearest garrisons will be enemployed for catching the fish; and allowing each camped in tents, and that the cavalry will be cantonvessel seven hands on board, men and boys, it would ed. His majesty, after having received the holy be evident that 1,050 persons were employed in taking unction, will review all these troops. It is certain the same. Those persons, on an average, consume, that aids-de-camp of the minister of war have come in saving the mackerel, 100 hogsheads of salt cach,here to fix upon a spot suitable for the establishment making 15,000 hogsheads of salt consumed each year; of a camp, and are choosing the villages for the canif all the salt used is not imported, it still gives em-tonments of the cavalry.” ployment to our citizens who are concerned in manufacturing the article. These are not all that find employment in this business; in the city of Boston there are not 5,000 fish barrels made yearly, but over 90,000 made in the country. Extract of a priváte letter of the 5th April, from Rheims:-"The archbishop's palace, where the king and royal family reside at the time of the coronation, has been, as it were, rebuilt in a truly magnificent style. The state apartments of the king, dauphin, dauphiness, and dutchess of Berry, will surpass, in richness and elegance, whatever Versailles and Merparticularly admired in this new structure, are grand chambers, constructing in advance of the principal front, the royal banqueting room, which is 120 feet in length, and the king's bed chamber, which is of unexampled magnificence. M. Abel de Pujol's fine picture, representing the coronation of Clovis, will be placed in the reception room. The ancient church of St. Remi, to which the king will go on horseback, on the day after his coronation, is also undergoing considerable repair. The town of Rheims will join in the pomp of these splendid and august ceremonies. Between the bounds of the department of the Marne and the entrance of the town, four triumphal arches, of different kinds, will be erected upon the road by which his majesty's carriage will pass. The respective mayors of the several parishes will assemble upon the road to present to the king the homage of the population. From Tanegnex, a small village, WOOL. Sales at Philadelphia, May 4. Terms, $200 one league from Rheims, to the portico of the cathe a 500, 90 days; 500 a 1,000, 4 months; $1,000 and up-dral, the road will be bordered on both sides by cowards, 6 months. Tare 8 lb. per bale, or actual tare.lumns, surmounted by the arms of France, or trophies, 15 bales, 4,138 lb. fine Estremadura, R lb. 59 THE WHALE-FISHERY. About 45 vessels, of 300 tons each, are employed in this fishery from the littlely ever presented of most brilliant. What will be island of Nantucket alone; and it is with great pleasure we learn, by the following letter, that this interesting branch of the national industry will further receive the protection of the national government: Navy department, 28th April, 1825. SIR: The petition of sundry merchants and others engaged in the whale fishery, from the Island of Nantucket, has been referred, by the president of the United States, to this department, and I am directed to inform you that the subject has been considered, and that instructions will be given to commodore Hull to visit the Sandwich Islands, when the public interest will permit his absence from the South American coast for a sufficient period. I am, very respectfully, &c. SAMUEL L. SOUTHARD. Aaron Mitchell, esq. and others of Nantucket. 11 66 3,215 49 38 a 39 do. F 51 44 1,173 lb. merino wool in fleece from W. Miller's flock, at 6 months, lb. 50 Description and quality not known, FOREIGN NEWS. 42 a 57 and connected together with verdant wreaths, or tissues of the country. A monument, dedicated to the departmental industry, will stand in the midst of the promenade. It will consist of two rich semicircular galleries, connected by a triumphal arch, dedicated to commerce and agriculture. Beneath the arches of the galleries will be exhibited productions of the finest manufactures of the Marne. A piece will be got up at the theatre, which, it is expected, his majesty will honor with his presence. Notwithstanding the extraordinary high price of lodgings, provisions are cheap, and the authorities have adopted measures to prevent a monopoly. The hotel, de Moulinet, upon the Parvis of the cathedral, has been let for 16,000fr. 4 months, to two Cafe-keepers, of Paris, who have relet it for 60,000fr. to the duke of Northumberland. By order of that nobleman, a great number of hands meet-have been sent to embellish it. The works to be executed will render it a real palace, and will all turn to the advantage of the proprietor of the hotel. lb. 361 a 75 London dates to the 14th April. Great Britain and Ireland. The house of lords resumed their session on the 13th April. A great ing was held the same day in London, and a petition adopted for a revision of the corn laws. Cotton maintained its price at Liverpool. It is said that the brokers were out to buy up all the Uplands, without regard to quality, at 15d. A Liverpool paper, of the 18th April, says "On the 16th, 15 to 20,000 bales of cotton were sold, chiefly to speculators, at an advance of 1d. on Brazil and Egyptian, and d. on all other kinds. This day we estimate 20,000 bales have changed hands at a further advance of 1d. on Brazil and Egyptian, and d. on all American descriptions; Pernams 22d. Egyptian 201, Orleans 17 a 20, Boweds 15 a 18d. France. The French corvette La Coquille, captain Duperry, arrived at Marseilles, March 24th, from a voyage round the globe; she was about 34 months without losing a man, or even having one sick on board. Spain is in as miserable a state as ever, and there does not appear any hope of improvement. Young Murat, (whose felonious capture we have noticed), was about to be liberated, upon the guarantee of the American minister at Madrid, never again to touch at Spain or the Sicilies. The sailing of the ship, with a new captain general for the Philippine islands, has been suspended, in consequence of important news from Manilla. The present captain general is said to have 8,000 troops devoted to him; and he declares he will not obey the mandates of the absolute king of Spain. Netherlands. The states general have granted 3,000,000 of florins for repairing the damages of the late inundations. 250 persons, 14,000 head of cattle, and 1,500 houses, were destroyed in the single province of Over Yessel. The damages elsewhere were Extract of a private latter received from Rheims: "We are assured that a camp of ten or twelve thou- | incalculable. Germany. In the province of Upper Hesse, nine or ten thousand people are about to emigrate to America. An agent is there from Brazil. Denmark. Copenhagen, March 26-Landed property continues to decline in value in this city. Thus, a house was lately sold for 13,660 rix dollars, which was valued at 25,000, and was inscribed in the fire office at 58,000. Russia. In the year 1822, the births, in the whole Russian empire, were 1,539,988; deaths 977,253; excess of births 562,735-212 persons reached the age of 115 to 140 years; one even 150. Turkey. Feb. 10-Since the 1st, upwards of 100 persons of distinction, including 40 persons belonging to different corporations in the city, suspected of being concerned in the plans of the Janissaries, have been strangled. The great people and respectable citizens have been enjoined to keep themselves armed and to have their people ready for whatever may hap pen. A letter from Constantinople, March 4th, says "The Janissaries have positively refused to march against the Morea, and their refusal is to be declared aloud by their Aga to the Sultan, when he goes to the mosque. Several of the men of this turbulent soldiery, have been heard to say: "We will not be quiet, and we will do nothing for the government till we have the heads of the Selietar Aga, the Kiay Bey and Hussin Bey." A tremendous fire has taken place at Varma, by which the greater part of the town has been destroyed. The Pacha's son, 22 years of age, and several Turkish officers, perished in the fames in endeavoring to afford succor. Greece. The British cutter Nimble, from London, with the second instalment of the Greek loan, has arrived at Napoli de Romania. The money contributed in this country for the Greeks, was forwarded from London by this vessel, and has safely reached its destination. The fleet of the Pacha of Egypt, consisting of 59 sail, had landed 6,000 near Navarin; but they were repulsed and driven back to Modon. A Greek fleet, it was expected, would attack the Egyptian on the following day. policy of that government since the first establish ment of the federal union. The most conspicuous feature in this sketch, is the uniformity of that policy under the successive governments of different persons; a counterpart of which we should in vain endeavor to discover in the royal administration of Europe, even during the reign of the same individualthis proceeds from the supreme power being lodged with the people-the policy of the government must, in consequence, be regulated by their interests; and the real interests of the people are ever unvarying and uniform. There is something in the rising destiny of this extraordinary republic, which forcibly arrests attention. She stands like a light and a beacon in the midst of nations. Her public documents seem intended not for herself alone; they speak to the universe. A period of profound peace exhibits her in an attitude proudly pre-eminent; that which in Europe consti tutes only the repose of the worn out belligeranta cessation from toil and misery-the mere torpor of sleep, with her presents the imposing spectacle of the rapid advancement of mankind in every acquirement which can render life dignified or desirable, of the development of the human faculties, applied to the noblest purposes for which they were given in trust by heaven-that of improving the condition of the human race, and of making utility to the many, and not the advantage of the few, the basis of a free and rational government. It is vain to attempt to conceal it. Her progressive and powerful march, menaces changes in the institutions of Europe, which must take place sooner or later. There is a calmness in her civic strength, which, to a reflecting mind, inspires greater awe than the proudest demonstrations of military conquerors; they rise and they set, they are equally the sport of fortune in their elevation and in their fall; she seems the arbitress of her own fate and her decisions carry with them the spirit of prophecy. Yesterday she was in her cradle, to-day she holds her ægis over the western hemisphere. There is nothing fitful or fretful in her pretensions; she sits poised on the stability of her resources, calm in the justice of her claims. By her fiat she has set limits to the jurisdiction of the holy allies: "so far and no further-in Europe you may tyrannize whilst slaves are to be found tame There is a report, that Odysseus, who had joined Colocotroni, had thrown himself, with his partizans, about 1,500 men, into Negropont, and joined the Turks. Another says that Colocotroni had fully sub-ly to submit to the rod-America, from north to mitted to the Greek government, and would not be pardoned, notwithstanding his disclosures, &c. A third account says that Colocotroni had not yet been tried, but was at Hydra, confined in the convent of St. Elias. Egypt. The latest letters from Egypt state, that great attention has been given lately to the cultivation of sugar. It is also stated, that the Pacha has transmitted orders to England to send out immediately persons acquainted with the manufacture of rum. south, is free." She has boldly proclaimed to the world the course she will next pursue, when the eternal jealousies of the rulers of mankind shall again light up the flames of war: her decision constitutes at once a new code for neutrals, and defines the future pretensions of belligerants. Europe has heard these dicta in silence! Whilst admiring all that has been successfully accomplished by the American government, every Englishman, of manly spirit, anxious for the glory and Hayti. Port au Prince papers, to the 17th April, prosperity of his native country, and for the support contain an official declaration of the Haytien govern- of those principles which adorned the brightest pement, that it will not, after the 15th of June next, riods of our history, will feel, with the American premake any advances of money on account of emi-sident, that "it is a source of gratification and engrants from this country. They are to be allowed four months rations, and some land, to which a title will be granted on payment of its value. These measures are said to have been adopted in consequence of improper speculations by the emigrants, and by agents of foreign vessels. [Evening Post. Remarks on the Inaugural Speech. FROM THE TRINIDAD GAZETTE. By the arrival of the schooner Resolution, from the United States of America, we are enabled to present our readers with the inaugural speech of the new president, Mr. John Q. Adams. It contains a powerful historical sketch of the leading principles and couragement to observe that the great result of this experiment upon the theory of human rights, has, at the close of that generation by which it has been formed, been crowned with success equal to the most sanguine expectations of its founders." The success of the experiment is, in truth, a matter to us, of no trifling import; not that we recommend, or even suppose the form of the American government to be applicable to the British nation, or suitable to the genius of the people. Scourged as we have been in the school of experiment, suffering as we are from the infliction of the schemes of enthusiasts, we have learned too well, that, under the varying shades of custom, habit, feeling and intelligence, which the human race presents, forms of government, (never in them solid value of plain reason, can find more in this solitary passage, calculated to sublime the minds of a whole people in gratitude to Heaven for the faithful administration of those appointed to rule over them, than can be extracted from all the speeches of all the kings of Europe, from the time of Clovis to the present day. General Jackson at Nashville. On the 16th ult. general Jackson was, invited to partake of a public entertainment with his fellow-citizens of Nashville. He was received by the mass of the people, assembled in civic or military capacities, and with a national salute. On arriving at the door of the court-house, the following address and reply were interchanged between John Overton, esq. and the general-old friends, of thirty years stand General: In the name and behalf of this numerous assemblage of your fellow-citizens, I welcome your return. We, in common, with all the citizens of the United States, feel grateful for the signal services you have rendered our country. selves essential), must also vary; but the principles | sound to sense, and the tinsel of false taste to the of justice which govern human rights, are immutable and eternal; equally applicable and necessary to monarchical as to republican institutions; the same in the patriarchal government of a family, as under the imperial sway which affords protection to millions. We cling, therefore, as Britons, to our monarchical and aristocratical institutions; and we reverence, in the highest degree, the pride of ancestry; in it, we recognize the most powerful impulse by which the human mind can be directed to deeds productive of lasting renown; an impulse acting upon all-noble and plebian; for who, but a recreant dastard, would not shrink from disgracing a line of heroes; and who, not dead to every exalted sentiment, but is fired with a generous ambition of making for himself a house and a name? Yet, in professing these opinions and feelings, where would be the inconsistency, where the disadvantage, could we happily borrow the language of this republican, and say of England as trulying: as he has stated of America-"The great features of its policy, in general concurrence with the will of the legislature, have been to cherish peace while preparing for defensive war; to yield exact justice to other nations and maintain the rights of our own-to cherish the principles of freedom and of equal rights We have seen you, by your energy and skill, exwherever they are proclaimed-to discharge, with all pell from our borders a savage foe, whose cruel mode possible promptitude, the national debt-to reduce, of warfare spared neither age nor sex. At a period within the narrowest limits of efficiency, the military when the American military character was depressforce." And could we fairly and honestly assume ed and sunk by the misfortunes of our arms, you callthem as true, with respect to ourselves, would the fol- ed into action the patriotism of your neighbors and lowing passages sound ungrateful or un-English to our friends-you led them through scenes of privation ears? "Our political creed is, without a dissenting and hardships, and, uniting them with the brave mivoice that can be heard, that the will of the people litia of the neighboring states, you met and vanquishis the source, the happiness of the people the end, of ed an army of superior numbers, distinguished for its all legitimate governments upon earth-that the best victories in Europe, and reputed invincible. security for the beneficence, and the best guaranty these achievements, all give you praise. After your against the abuse of power, consists in the freedom, country was safe, and danger had passed by, you the purity, and the frequency of popular elections." gained a still greater victory-a victory over your"That a rigorous economy and accountability of pub-self; you submitted to the empire of the laws, which lic expenditures, should guard against the aggravation, had called in question the very acts that enabled you and alleviate, when possible, the burden of taxation- to save the emporium of the west from rapine and that the military should be kept in strict subordina- plunder; thereby giving a practical illustration of tion to the civil power-that the freedom of the press the supremacy of the civil over the military authoriand of religious opinions should be inviolate." But, ties of our country. unhappily, we cannot appropriate such language to ourselves. What is it but insulting mockery to tell us that our present system works well-we know that, compared to the continental states of Europe, we shine as a star in the firmament; but shall we be seriously told that this brilliancy is the result of that system? We deny it. It is the result of the native energy of the finest race of people on the globe, shining through the feudal mists which surround them; undaunted spirits, that not even the present system can depress; souls that no adversities or burdens can subdue; worthy progenitors of those who now set an example to Englishmen and to the world; had the same principles animated both governments, their career would have been ours; had the course been free, none would have distanced us in the race. With respect to the style and composition of this inaugural address, we shall hear, no doubt, from the editors and scribblers in London, that it is 'lengthy' and 'heavy.' We tell them it is purely 'American,' a style they can never hope to appreciate, or even understand, in Europe, so long as the administration of their affairs eternally requires the abilities of apologists and sophists. We fearlessly appeal to the following passage alone: "Liberty and law have marched hand in hand; all the purposes of human association have been accomplished as effectually as under any other government on the globe; and at a cost little exceeding, in a whole generation, the expenditures of other nations in a single year;" and we say that an educated being, unaccustomed to prefer For We have additional motives for gratitude to you. There are many, now present, who stood and fought by your side in the hour of peril and of danger. They saw, not only with what a fearless spirit you met and encountered the enemy, but with what care and assiduity you watched over the safety and lives of those entrusted to your charge-they have seen you visiting your sick and wounded-administering aid and comfort, and watching over them with all the solicitude of a parent-they have seen you distributing your last morsel of bread to your famishing soldiers; and bearing an equal share in the common suffering. Yes, general, we have seen you in many situations-at the bar you were the able and zealous advocate-on the bench, the firm and inflexible judge; and, in the councils of our state, you displayed political talents, which demonstrated that you were qualified for any station you might be called upon to occupy. For your private virtues you possess our respect and affection. Kindness, friendship, hospitality and charity, strongly characterize your conduct-these things endear you to us. For your great and splendid actions, let all the nation do you equal honor, but for your social and private virtues we claim the right to admire and love you most, because we best know them-have seen and felt their influence. In the late transactions at Washington,we are proud to learn you pursued that independent, upright and dignified course which had marked your previous conduct. You were presented to the consideration of the American people, by the legislature of your own state, without any agency, direction or interference on your part. "Neither to seek nor decline public office" has been your maxim. You never made your success an object of personal ambition: and, although you have not been elected to that high office, which the people, by their suffrages, strongly indicated a willingness to bestow, your name has not suffered in the conflict. Sir, your fame forms a rich portion of our country's treasure-it must and will be preserved unhurt. To which the general replied as follows: SIR: I have not language strong enough to express my thanks to you, and those of my fellow-citizens in whose behalf you have addressed me, for the very flattering manner with which you have presented another token of their unabated regard for my public, as well as private character. A few years after the revolutionary war had closed, but before the blessings it had diffused along the Atlantic borders were extended to this remote section of the union, I came among you. We clung together until every difficulty and danger were surmounted, and after our territory was secured against the ruthless and savage attacks of Indian hordes, we grew strong, and claimed the privileges of a free and independent state. Many of those whom we remember as benefactors, at that period, now sleep with their fathers. Others have sprung up, who, both in civil and in military life, have rendered important services; particularly in the last war, when, rallying under the eagles of their country, in defence of our common rights, they, by their patriotism and undaunt ed spirit, contributed to raise their country's glory to an eminence from which it can survey, with pity, the boasted invincibility of tyrants. When I see, sir, interspersed through this assembly, many who have borne a part in those scenes-an assembly, I may say, composed entirely of men who have been associated with me, either as participators or witnesses, of whatever agency, public or private, it has pleased Providence I should have in them, what language can convey the feelings inspired by this additional evidence of their kindness and regard, which is now presented to me through you! The approbation of those who have been witnesses of my conduct, through all the varying scenes of life, is to me, next to an approving conscience, the sweetest reward this world can bestow. The celebrated propositions of Mr. Huskission, presented to the British house of commons on the 28th of March, for "freeing trade from its shackles," are now fairly before the public, and demand to be examined with the most serious attention, as they shed a flood of light on the magnificent policy which has elevated Great Britain to the towering height to which she has attained, far, due regard being had to her population and natural advantages, above any other nation of ancient or modern times. No nation ever adopted a wiser system for the promotion of national prosperity-pursued it more steadily-or was crowned with more complete success. Let it not for a moment be supposed that this is intended as an unqualified approbation of the whole of that portion of the British system devised for the protection of her national industry. Far-very far from it. Nothing human was ever completely perfect-and it is not to be wondered at, that, in so complicated a system, embracing such a variety of interests at home and abroad and so many dependencies of different characters and claims, there should be defects. All I insist on is, that the plan was grand and magnificent-that its leading features emanated from the most profound policy-and that the unbounded prosperity of the nation bears ample testimony in favor of its principles. The British nation has, for the last hundred and fifty years, had administrations of every shade of character and intellect--some as profligate and corrupt-others as pure and upright-some as able-and some as feeble-as the world has ever beheld. But, "true as the needle to the pole," however they might vary in other respects, their policy has, by every means that could be devised, uniformly pursued the grand object of advancing the national prosperity, by the most undeviating protection of national industry, in all its shapes and forms. In this paternal system, all parties, ins and outs, whigs and tories, moderates and radicals, have co-operated. It is true, sir, that without any agency whatever on my part, I was brought forward by the legislature of Tennessee as a candidate for the presidency. This, the members of that body well know; and, particularly, the hon. Felix Grundy, who, as I have since been informed, was the member who drafted the re- It is, I repeat, by no means my purpose to enter solutions that were introduced and adopted on the into a defence of all the measures of the British naoccasion. When thus brought before the people, the tion. That her internal policy has often been highly canvass was conducted without any interference of oppressive-that the interests and happiness of her mine: nor did I, when the election devolved upon dependencies, particularly those of ill-fated Ireland, the house of representatives, attempt, in any manner, have been most cruelly sacrificed for the benefit of to influence its decision. The presidential chair I the British island-that her treasures have frequenthave always viewed as a situation too responsible to ly been squandered by ambitious and corrupt minisbe sought after, by any individual, however great histers-that many of her wars have been highly unjust talents, or eminent his services. It is one which the are truths, which no man, who has read history immortal Washington approached with awful forebodings, conscious that the destiny of a free people -of unborn millions, were committed to his charge; that, without the smiles of Providence, and the confiding and indulgent support of the people themselves, his exertions would be unequal to the task. With such authority to support the maxim which I have endeavored to follow through life--"Neither to seek, nor decline public favor," I offer my past conduct as proof of my sincerity. After which the general was conducted to the Nashville Inn, where a splendid dinner was prepared; George W. Campbell, esq. presiding, assisted by maj. HM. Rutledge, J. Somerville and col. Hynes. The with even moderate attention or advantage, can for a moment doubt. But that her policy for the eneouragement of arts, manufactures and commerce, emanates from the soundest wisdom-that, in this respect, she is worthy of being a pattern for all the nations of the earth-and that the prosperity or decadence of nations may be ascertained by the degree in which they adopt or depart from that species of policy, is indubitable. France has pursued and is pursuing the same system to a certain degree. After a war of unexampied expenditure, she has, by that policy, attained to a state of high prosperity. In Ireland, Spain, Portugal and Italy, a system directly opposite has prevailed for centuries--and for centuries wretched has been the portion of those nations, notwithstanding [$2.22 per bushel, and by high duties on agricultural their transcendent natural advantages. productions generally. And even when the danger It remains then to lay before an enlightened nation, of famine induces the admission of foreign grain, a view of that policy as hitherto pursued, and the ap-wheat is subject to a duty of 33 cents per bushel, and parent, but ideal departures from it, which are now flour to about 125 cents per barrel. But as this feain a state of preparation, and which will, no doubt, be ture of the system obliged the manufacturers to pay adopted. I respectfully request a patient hearing higher for provisions than they would probably otherfrom all my readers, but particularly from those wise, they required and obtained a quid pro quo. whose sentiments are opposed to the system I advo- This was, security in the domestic market, and of cate, which I hope to support by such strong facts, as course the full supply of the agriculturists. Both must remove all doubts of this position, if their minds classes thus reciprocally aid and support each other. be open to conviction. The wise statesmen of Great Britain have always deThe maxims on which her policy has been predica-voted equal care to the mercantile and shipping inteted, are, that national industry is the parent of nation-rest. By bounties, and drawbacks, and negotiations, al "wealth, power and resources"-that this industry and treaties, they secured the former the markets of ought to be fostered by every fair means in the power foreign nations as far as was practicable-and by the of the government-that, in proportion as it is fostered most onerous burdens on, or by exclusions of, foreign or discouraged, in that proportion do nations rise to vessels, they secured the navigation of the country to greatness or fall into premature decrepitude-that the native owners of shipping. Here is a glorious national encouragement should be held out to great system, worthy of the profound statesmen of a great undertakings, calculated to promote great national nation, which should make those politicians-I will benefits-that her subjects, particularly in the inci- not say statesmen-feel humble, whose policy not pient stages of those undertakings, ought to be effec-only assumes, but industriously creates, a decided tually protected from overwhelming foreign competi- hostility between fellow citizens, embarked in the tion that she should restrain the consumption of the same vessel of state, who must sink as she sinks, or products of foreign industry, in every case in which swim as she swims, and whose interests ought to be they interfered, in the least degree, with her own; completely identified. that she should exchange her elaborated productions A great clamor has for years prevailed in Great every where for raw materials to employ her subjects Britain against the corn laws, as enhancing the price and secure their prosperity; and, in fine, induce fo- of flour to the poor. This is a plausible and popular reign nations to consume as much of the productions theme-but, although it is certainly true, that occaof her native industry, in the most elaborated state, as sionally grain is higher in Great Britain than it would possible. This is the basis, broad, and deep, and solid, be but for the corn laws, it is extremely doubtful on which she has erected the superstructure of her whether this is the case on an average of eight, ten or grandeur. And to expect nations to prosper by the a dozen years. Superabundant harvests, it is true, pursuit of a contrary policy, is just as rational as to would reduce the price in the years when they ocexpect to gather roses from thistles-or vines from curred-but reduced prices would discourage cultinettles. This contrary policy we pursued in 1733-vation, and produce high prices afterwards. Thus, S4, and in 1815-16-17-and we thereby spread deso- what was gained in one year, would be lost in another. lation and wretchedness over the face of the land at But on this point I do not lay much stress. Let it both periods: and all the depression, embarrassment pass for what it is worth. The corn laws, sufficiently and distress that have been felt here, since the close defended as a mere reciprocation of protection, and of the war, has arisen from the same source. as guarding the welfare of a large and important portion of the nation, need no extra support or defence. A word on the subject of low prices. With few exceptions, they are usually the concomitants of distress and wretchedness. Potatoes, which constitute a large proportion of the food of the lower classes of the Irish, have been, of late years, in abundance in Ireland, and sold at 4d. and 44d. per stone of 14 lbs. Her statesmen have been in the constant habit of taking broad and comprehensive views of the national interests, and extending the fostering care of the government to all as far as practicable. They have had the art of harmonizing the interests of agriculture, manufactures and commerce, satisfied that the prostration of any one of them, would be severely felt by the others, and that no nation ever did or can prosper, where any one of them is greatly depressed. It never entered into their minds for a moment, that there was any inherent hostility between the interests of agriculture, manufactures and commerce. They considered the manufacturers as affording the best and surest market to the agriculturists for provisions, as well as for raw materials-and likewise affording the best support to commerce in the transportation of raw materials from, and manufactured articles to, foreign countries; and they further regarded agriculture and commerce as reciprocating support to manufactures. The man, whoever he be, and however exalted in other respects, who predicates his measures on any inherent hostility between the three great national interests the producers-the fabricators-and the carriers, or merchants, is no more fit for the exalted station of a statesman, than a petty county court lawyer is to plead an intricate cause before the highest judicial tribunal in the United States, or before the the house of lords in Great Britain, The British system, therefore, protected the agriculturists by high duties on the produce of the soil, (raw materials excepted), and by an absolute exclusion of foreign grain until the average market price of wheat was 80s. per quarter, (now 70s.), equal to and yet those classes have been then actually starving and supported by public charity, because, cheap as provisions were, they were unable to purchase them for want of employment-in consequence of so large a portion of the consumption of manufactures in Ireland being furnished by Great Britain, whereby the natives are devoted to idleness and wretchedness. In no part of the globe are provisions cheaper than in Hindostan-but no where, except in Ireland, is there greater poverty. But to come home to our own country. In 1812, the average price of flour, throughout the United States, according to the treasury returns, was 10 dolls. in 1913, $11-and in 1914, $9.50 Notwithstanding these exorbitant prices, the poorer classes of society were all comfortable, for they were all fully employed, and had reasonable wages. In 1820, the price, according to the same standard, was only $4.50-and, at that time, the most intense suffering and distress prevailed throughout the middle states, because the laboring classes were deprived of employment by the immense influx of foreign manufactures, whereby, according to an authentic document, which remains an imperishable monument of the transcendent impolicy of our system-I mean a report of a joint committee of the legislature of Pennsylvania-there was produced, |