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THIRD SERIES. No. 13-VOL. IV.]

BALTIMORE, MÁY 29, 1825. [VOL. XXVIII. WHOLE NO. 715

THE PAST-THE PRESENT FOR THE FUTURE.

EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY H. NILES, AT $5 PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.

Several of the western members of congress have addressed their constituents concerning the result of the late presidential election, by the house of representatives. Various considerations, of present usefulness and for future reference, have induced me to select from those which I have seen, what were supposed to be the most pointed, or particular parts, and give them without comment. They belong to the political history of our own times, and occupy a considerable portion of this sheet.

RIGHT OF INSTRUCTION. Three essays have been received from an unknown correspondent, concerning the right of instruction. They appear to me to be written with more than ordinary ability, and, certainly, the positions assumed are well defended. The first and second of the numbers, as being immediately connected, are inserted in the present sheet, and the third, which is a broad and general argument on the subject, shall have a place in the next.

consequences that depended on the proceedings of the government and people of the United States, was surely justified to himself in resisting the public will, and every considerate man now rejoices that he did so-for it was that neutrality, which JEFFERSON and MADISON were so anxious to maintain, that urged us forward in population, power and wealth with un precedented rapidity, and laid the foundation of the present high standing of our country in the estima tion of the world, by enabling us to bear the brunt of war, when peace could no longer be preserved without dishonor. It will then appear, that there are some national matters in which the expressed public voice may not be instantly respected-for public feeling can run away with public judgment; and on constitu tional questions, the representative must be governed by his own sense of the right of them, for his constituents cannot dissolve the obligations of his oath. And further, in respect either to great national or constitutional matters, it is very possible that the In publishing those essays, it is not to be presumed wishes of the people of a certain state, or district of a that I am disposed to deny or reject the right of in-state, may be opposed to what is manifestly for the struction; but, like every thing else, it should be sub-general welfare of the people of the United States: mitted to liberal and manly discussion. For, however and if this fact shall so present itself to the mind and well satisfied every republican may be that there are conscience of the representative of that state or discases and circumstances in which it must necessarily trict, will it be contended that he ought to prefer the exist and ought to be exerted-still, there are others lesser and local, to the greater and general interest? in which it would be very difficult, if not utterly im- I must think that he should not; nor ought he meanly possible, to prescribe the point whereat the right of to shrink from the responsibility of his condition, by the constituent should begin and the discretion of the absenting himself when the vote was about to be representative end: for it cannot be proper that the taken. In my opinion, the present president of the former should force the convictions of the latter, as to United States, when a member of the senate from the what it is his duty to perform under the special obliga- state of Massachusetts in 1808, furnished an example, tions of an oath. It is very possible that the represen- in his own person, of the rights and duties of a repretative may have a better knowledge of the facts of a sentative, which cannot be too highly esteemed; and particular matter than the constituent possesses-and as, perhaps, it was the first full and positive case of that, if such knowledge was equally held by both par- the kind that had occurred since the organization of ties there would not be a difference of opinion be- the government, it possessed peculiar merits which tween them; but this we also know, that the best and were liberally and loudly acknowledged by the repubwisest men oftentimes view the same subject in very licans of that period, and he was admired for his manly different lights and so arrive at opposing conclusions. frankness by many who have not even yet forgive The people, undoubtedly, possess the right of self-go- his vote in favor of the measures then proposed by vernment, and it is not only just, but also natural, the administration, as necessary to the preservation that they who must needs become responsible for of an honorable peace. Mr. Adams very well knew consequences, should have direct influence over the that the legislature of Massachusetts, and the people acts which lead to them; and hence they will dismiss of the state itself, whose representative he was in and disgrace such of their representatives as have the senate, were decidedly opposed to those measures; not yielded obedience to their wishes: but, the re- but he thought them rightful and expedient, and so presentative, for the time which he has been appoint-promptly voted for them, because, if to be adopted ed, must have some discretionary power, else the impo- at all, they would not admit of delay. But he had no sition of an oath of office should cease-even supposing sooner done this than he resigned his seat-that the that the will of his constituents was perfectly known legislature, on behalf of the state, might appoint a to him. The people are generally right, and, at any representative in the senate of the United States, a rate, their opinions are the only opinions that can be consciencious discharge of whose duties would not safely respected as reaching that degree of infallibility conflict with the wishes of his constituents. And. which is presumed to exist in every government, and when we call to mind this remarkable proceeding of must operatively exist in all, for the last appeal-yet Mr. Adams, we cannot refrain from being induced to the people may be wrong; and the short period of believe in the sincerity of his declaration, made to our political history presents us with several cases in the committee of the house of representatives in which the majority was evidently mistaken or deceiv- February last, when informed of his election, that, if ed. I will mention one of them-the general desire his refusal to accept the trust delegated, could "give that prevailed, during the presidency of WASHING- an opportunity to the people to form and express. TON, to abandon our character as a neutral power with a nearer approach to unanimity, the object of and make a common cause with France, in her wars their preference," he would "not hesitate to decline with the rest of Europe. So general was this dispo- the acceptance of the eminent charge," &c. sition, that it required all the popularity of the father But I am rather running into an essay on the right of his country to support a neutral and pacific posi-of instruction itself and so forestalling my correspon tion, though every body is now sensible of the im- dent-whose articles are surely worthy of an attenmense advantages that we derived from it. In that tive perusal, whatever may be our opinion of the arcase the president, who foresaw and calculated the/guments used by him. The subject, in itself, is one VOL. XXVIII.- -13.

of great interest-and its principle cannot be too ed Nashville. He was received by the warm-hearted closely investigated.

The

Tennesseeans in the most handsome manner. Nashville Whig has nine heavy columns of matter detailing what was said and done on the joyous occasion. He was first greeted on his arrival by gen. Jackson. At the public dinner given to him, there was present Mr. Timothy Demundrune, the first white

We shall soon make up an account of the southern and western tour of our venerable friend, believing it better that it should be published together as a record than given in detached parts. It will occupy many pages-but our children and children's children will refer to them with pleasure, and in them find excellent reasons for loving their country.

FOREIGN OPINIONS. The progress of our country may be observed in the increased attention which the messages and speeches of our presidents, and the proceedings of our national legislature, receives in every part of Europe. The strength of the republic be-man who settled in Tennessee! gins to be ascertained, and it is clearly manifested that our liberal institutions are about to have a mighty influence over the affairs and the feelings of the people of the "old world." An American character has been established, and, perhaps, the most glorious feature of it is, in a steady devotion to the great principles of our government, and a prompt submission to the constitution and the law, though, in cer- SPOn his passage from Nashville to Louisville, in tain cases, we may object to the operation of the the steam boat Mechanic, the general met with a seformer and deem the latter inexpedient; and in differ-rious misfortune, but without injury to his person. ing about individuals to administer the government, as When about 150 miles below Nashville, the boat ran though our very lives depended on the success of one on a snag and sunk in a few minutes; so suddenly, that, candidate or defeat of another!-But the system goes though all the passengers got safe to the shore, the on without interruption, and the nation proceeds in general's carriage, baggage and papers, as well as of population and power unchecked, notwithstanding the other passengers, were all lost, with the exceppersons are much disappointed and favorite theorics tion of five trunks. The Paragon steam boat, passing are rejected: proudly shewing the "safety with down the river just after the accident happened, which error of opinion may be tolerated when rea- rounded to, and brought the general with the rest of son is left free to combat it;" and indignantly tram- the passengers, safely to Louisville on the 11th inst. pling under foot the absurd dogma of kings and their He was expected at Cincinnati on the 19th, after he priests, that the people are incapable of governing should have visited Lexington and Frankfort, &c. themselves, as to that which is best suited to promote their own welfare here and hereafter.

FLOUR. The large quantity of flour exported from the United States to the various ports of South America, yet completely gluts the market. At Buenos Ayres, it was selling at 4 50 to 5 dollars, on board. Indeed, there appears to be an overstock of goods of all sorts. Domestic shirtings were selling at 152 cents.

There is no country in the world, perhaps, in which so much respect is paid to the law as in the United States-but à man may live for years among us without even coming into contact with the law or any of its ministers; and, in the latter, we only see our neighbors, who also desire to be our friends. There are no separated classes with us, save the virtuous THE MAILS. The Fayetteville "Observer," of the and the vicious-at least, none that are known to 19th inst. says-Mr. McLean, the Post Master Genethe constitution, and so only temporary or artificial. ral, has just added another to his claims on public We are led to these remarks by seeing the follow-gratitude, for zeal and ability in the discharge of the ing extract from the London Globe and Traveller of duties of his department. We are informed that he the 13th ult. Speaking of the inaugural address of the has given notice to the mail contractors in this place, president, the editors saythat he will shortly make it their duty, on occasions of great importance to the commercial community, to send express mails on their lines, at the rate of 11 miles an hour, and thus, by affording to all the news of important changes in the markets, to put a stop to the system of speculation which has lately been so extensively practised by individuals of one commercial town on those of another, who were not possessed of the same means of information.

"This eloquent document is not only interesting as a manifesto of the intended policy, during his administration, of the first magistrate of a great republic, but possesses high merit as a clear and rapid summary of the past history of the American union.

"It is the peculiar happiness of America, as well as a strong proof of the intrinsic advantage of free discussion, that, notwithstanding the utmost liberty of writing and speaking, no party exists which proposes or wishes for any change in the constitution of the union. This liberty, instead of producing that desire of unceasing change, which is supposed by the lovers of despotism to be its necessary result, has generated no evil, unless we consider as one, a too petulent attachment to those institutions which every one, subject to them, may question with the most scrutinizing reason, or assail with the most unmeasured invective, and which the people collectively, may alter if they see reason to do so.

How this great thing will be accomplished we are yet to learn. It cannot easily be done-but, if it is the fact that the post-master general has resolved to attempt it, we have much confidence of his success, from the wonderful improvements that he has made in the department over which he presides, shewing what may be done by a strong mind devoted to business, and indefatigable industry. We have much reason to be grateful to Mr. McLean-this paper now does not very often fail to arrive at its destination in due season, except at some of the most distant points, unless in the state of Virginia; which last is probably caused by the multitude of small post offices that it contains, badly attended to, for the reason that they are unproductive of profit.

"Mr. Adams' speech is so succinct and so clear, that any abstract of its contents, or comment on them, is superfluous. He follows the peaceable and manly line of policy of his immediate predecessor; and while his knowledge of diplomacy will induce him to avoid any unnecessary offence to foreign powers, he *We feel justified in making this special reference, will maintain, with firmness, the determination ex-because that we have had more discontinuances from pressed by his predecessor, to prevent the holy alliauce from interfering with the affairs of America."

Virginia, in consequence of the non-arrival of the "Register," than from any other state, or any two other states, east, west, north or south-though our subscribers in Virginia are not so numerous as in several other states. It is proper, however to add, that a considerable improvement is apparently taking

LAFAYETTE "The good Lafayette," has been received every where with the kindest attentions that a grateful people could bestow. He arrived at St. Louis on the 29th April, and on the 4th instant cnter-place.

THE BUNKER'S HILL MONUMENT is, it is said, to be j has been at all times my highest ambition, and I am a column of granite, 250 feet high, with a circular stair-way to the top. Its cost is estimated at 75,000 dollars.

consoled with the belief, from your approbation of my public conduct, that my efforts have not been altogether in vain. Believing, as I do, that our highest destiny can be fulfilled only by extending and perCOAL. It is calculated that about 700,000 bushels fecting the system of education, and maintaining, in of coal, from the Schuylkill beds, via the canal, will their greatest purity and vigor, the right of suffrage be brought to Philadelphia, during the present year-and the liberty of the press, by which the ascendancy of which 300,000 are expected to be sent to New York.

The Upper MISSOURI. Four companies of the 1st and six of the 6th reg. U. S. infantry, under general Atkinson, well provided, were to leave the Council Bluffs on the 1st of last month, to take post at the falls of the Missouri-two thousand miles further up. that mighty stream.

of the people, (on which our admirable system exclusively rests), can only be preserved, I take the liberty of offering, in conclusion, as a sentiment--Education, election and the press-The hope of freemen and the dread of tyrants.

These were some of the remainder of the toasts drank

The patriots of South America--We rejoice in their success, and hail their Bolivar as a second Washington.

General Andrew Jackson-The measure of his honors yet unfilled.

The army-Small but well organized: accomplishand scientific.

MR. CALHOUN AT HOME. Pendleton, C. H. April 27. On the arrival of the hon. John C. Calhoun, vicepresident of the United States, in the district of Pendleton, he was invited to partake of a public din-ed her; and, on Tuesday, the 26th inst. agreeably to arrangement, an excellent dinner was prepared by Mr. Archer, at which a large and respectable company assembled. Gen. John B. Earle presided, supported Internal improvement-Guided by the wisdom and by col. Robert Anderson and John L. North esq. as energy of its able advocates, it cannot fail to strengthvice-presidents. After the cloth was removed the fol-en and perpetuate our bond of union. lowing toasts were drank:

Our country-elevated above the kingdoms and empires of the world, may the duration of her institutions be commensurate with her present progperity.

The memory of Washington.

The navy-To our gallant tars we owe the first triumphs since our existence as a nation, over the enemies of our country.

There were also many volunteers-most of which were very neat and appropriate.

COM. BARRON. It will be recollected that commo dore Barron, with much delicacy and just feeling, deOur surviving ex-presidents. A nation's grati-clined a public dinner, when he arrived in Philadettude and respect is the best commentary on their phia, to take charge of the navy yard in that city; but, being transferred to that at Norfolk, he partook The president of the United States-The confi- of one given in the Washington Hall Saloon on the dence reposed in him by all his predecessors, war-17th inst. The mayor of the city presided, and John rants the belief that his administration will be wise and prosperous.

victues.

Our distinguished guest, the vice president-The plendor of his political career has extorted the applause of his enemies, reflected lustre on his native state, and endeared him to the nation.

Leamy, esq. general Robert Patterson, Josiah Randall, James M. Broom, Chandler Price and William Craig, esquires, acted as vice presidents. Among the guests were general Cortes, admiral of the Mexican navy, commodore Daniels, of the Colombian navy, colonel Palacio, consul general of Colombia; capThe preceding toast having been drank, the vice-tains Riddle, Dallas and McCall; lieutenants Henry, president arose from his seat, and addressed the company as follows.

Page, Gannt and Marsten, and Dr. Harris, of the U.
States navy; and major Gamble, of the marine corps.
The following toasts were reciprocated-among
others:

Gentlemen-I would dissemble, were I not to confess how much I am gratified with your kind reception, for which permit me to make the only By the president of the day-Commodore Barron return in my power, by tendering you my most grate--he takes with him our best wishes for his health, ful acknowledgments. happiness and prosperity.

It is not for me to speak of my public services, to After this toast had been drunk, commodore Barwhich you have so flatteringly alluded. I have now ron rose and made a short and pertinent address, in been fourteen years in the service of the union; and, which he returned thanks for the kindness and hosduring that long, and it may be added, eventful period, pitality with which he had been treated by the citiwhether my conduct has been such as to sustain the zens of Philadelphia; that he should ever hold them principles of our government, and to advance the in grateful remembrance, and gave the following lasting interest and honor of the country, I freely sub-toast-"Philadelphia-Justly acknowledged to be first mit to the decision of my fellow citizens. I may, in the arts, and second to none in whatever can conhowever, remark, I trust without impropriety, that tribute to the grandeur, respectability and comfort of in every public act of my life, I have at least been go- a city." verned by a disinterested and ardent attachment to our admirable system of government. Ever since I THE OHIO CANAL. From the Cleveland Herald, o have been capable of reflecting on political subjects, I May 13-The board of canal commissioners conven have been struck with the excellency of our system ed at Wooster on the 5th inst. As was generally anabove all others, ancient or modern; and time and ticipated, they decided in favor of locating the line experience have only strengthened and confirmed my of the canal on the Tuscarawas and Cuyahoga route; early impression. I firmly believe, if its principles of course its northern termination will be Cleveshould be preserved in their original purity, and if land. The decision of the board was unanimous, the system should be administered with wisdom, it with the exception of Mr. Kelley, who did not vote. will not only elevate our country to a point of pros- The report of the engineers on this subject, we are perity and greatness, exceeding all that ever existed, informed, will soon be published; and we shall take but, through the force of our example, will diffuse its the earliest opportunity of laying it before our readblessings as wide as the limits of civilization and let-ers. It is said to be conclusive, in relation to the two ters. To contribute to so great and happy a result, routes which they examined; and it is presumed there

will, hereafter, be little difference of opinion on the subject.

It will be seen by a note from Mr. Kelley, published in this paper, that some part of the canal line will be ready to put under contract early in June.

THE CREEKS. From the Milledgeville Recorder of May 10. The governor, we understand, has issued orders to the officers commanding brigades in the new counties, for the protection of the frontier against Indian hostility, and also for ensuring the personal safety of the agent, whose life is said to be threatened by the Indians. Since our last paper, information has been received of the murder of Haw

Water lime has recently been found on the line of canal between the Portage summit and the Cuyahoga river, and also near New-Philadelphia, in the county of Tuscarawas, and is supposed to exist in abund-kins, the interpreter. A number of the friendly Inance along the valley of the Tuscarawas and of the Cuyahoga. Inexhaustible quarries of free stone are found at short distances all along both these vallies, and at the Portage summit.

dians have taken refuge within the white settlements. We received the following note as we were making up the paper. It will relieve the apprehensions that have been felt for the safety of travellers:

Liberal donations, in aid of the canal fund, have| Gentlemen: I have this morning received a letter heen obtained from individuals who own property from col. John Crowell, agent of the Creek nation, of along the northern section of the canal, which is so which the following is an extract, which you will situated as to be much enhanced in value by the loca-publish in your paper. JAMES BOZEMAN. tion. These donations, which do credit to the patri- "I wish you would be good enough to request the otism and liberality of the individuals who have made editors of the Milledgeville papers, to state, in their them, will aid considerably in the payment of the in-next papers, that I have been by them, (the chiefs), terest on loans, while the work is progressing. Im-requested to say, for the information of travellers, portant donations, in the middle and southern parts that there is no earthly danger. The head chiefs of the state, we understand, are confidently expected, and additional sums, to a considerable amount, in the northern part.

The donations already obtained, will be nearly or quite sufficient to reimburse the interest which the state will be required to pay on money loaned during the present year.

have also requested me to make this publication, and to state further, that it is an affair among themselves, and that no white person shall be interrupted on the road or elsewhere."

In the circuit court of the United States, for the district of Georgia, at Milledgeville, May term, 1825. The grand jury regret that they find it necessary to ask the attention of the court to recent occurrenThe Ohio canal commissioners have determined ces within the circle of its criminal jurisdiction. In on putting under contract during the present season, the territory, lately ceded to the United States by the provided reasonable offers for doing the work are re- Crecks at the treaty of the Indian Springs, atrocious ceived, so much of the line of the Ohio canal as ex-murders have been committed upon the bodies of tends from Cleveland to Kendal, in the county of William McIntosh, Etome Tustunnugge and colonel Stark, which includes a large amount of lockage. Hawkins, three distinguished Indian chiefs, at all Also, about seven miles of line near the Licking sum-times the friends of the United States, and just about mit, the work of which will consist chiefly of exca-to begin a journey to the west to explore the counvation; and so much of the line of the Miami canal as extends from Middletown, in the county of Butler, to a point at or near the city of Cincinnati, consisting of excavation, with some embankments, and a moderate amount of lockage. It is expected the commissioners will require most of the contracts to be completed during the year 1826, and some of them dur-persons who have just sacrificed those chiefs. It is ing the present year.

That part of the line commencing at the Portage summit, and extending northwardly towards the lake, will be first prepared for contract, and 12 or 15 miles will probably be prepared for letting as early as the

try, preparatory to the removal of the tribe, according to the provisions of the said treaty. Numerous parties of Indians, the friends of the deceased chiefs and of the United States, have been driven, destitute and naked, into the settled parts of the frontiers of this state, for protection from the vengeance of those understood and believed, that these outrages have been committed by large bodies of armed Indians, principally residents of Alabama. It is greatly to be apprehended and feared that they have been instigated and countenanced by white persons. The grand jury have due confidence in the vigilance of the conPublic notice will, from time to time, be given, stat-stituted authorities of the general and state governing the precise time that certain parts of the line willments, but they cannot, without a violation of their be ready for contract, and the time and place of re-own duty, refrain from calling, through the court, ceiving bids will be designated, so that those who the attention of both governments to the situation of wish to take jobs may be accommodated. the frontier, and to the consequences of the atrociMay 12, 1825. ALFRED KELLEY, acting com'r. ties committed in the lately ceded territory. Those It is now stated that the ceremony of break-who have driven the friends of the murdered chiefs ing ground to make this canal, will take place on the into the settled parts of the state, may pursue to defourth of July, and that De Wit Clinton has been in-stroy them in their places of refuge. They recomvited to perform it.

6th of June.

mend that measures of necessary precaution for the protection and succor of the fugitives be immediateVIRGINIA. More than eighty students have matri- iy taken, and that every attempt to violate their eulated at the University of Virginia. Professor Tuck- asylum shall be instantly punished. The grand jury er has commenced his course of lectures on ethicks, deem it necessary to the character of the government &c. and the chair of law only remains now to be filled. of their country, that the authors, perpetrators, aidThere is every probability, we learn, that this ap-ers and abettors of the crimes lately committed, pointment will be made very soon. The success of should be sought for, and, when ascertained, prosethis institution, thus far, may be regarded as extra-cuted and severely punished. They have no lanordinary, when we consider the many disadvantages guage strong enough to mark their abhorrence for which it has encountered and overcome. From the character of all those connected with this institution, the zeal and ability of the professors, the talents and application of the students, and the auspices under which it has been consecrated to a purpose dear to every Virginian, we augur well of its future destiny.

the white persons, if any, who have seduced or irritated the unhappy Indians to perpetrate this tragedyThey recommend the severest scrutiny into the conduct of all white persons in the nation, and the jud cial prosecution of each and every one of them. against whom sufficient evidence to justify it shali [Central Gaz. I be discovered.

[Signed by the foreman, and seventeen other grand jurors.]

The grand jury request that a copy of this, their | in manifest hostility to their wishes, and in open depresentment, be sent to the president of the United rogation of their rights? He knew of the law previStates, and another to the governor of Georgia, and ously and regularly passed by his own people, with that the foregoing be published in the newspapers of their usual forms: was he not, therefore, duly tried, this place. convicted, and punished for an offence against a known law, and a deliberate fraud on his nation? Although the punishment was reluctantly inflisted, and therefore somewhat delayed, it was, nevertheless, By the southern mail of Tuesday last, we re- it is to be presumed, the result of a meeting convenceived a printed paper, headed "Creek Indians" and ed to deliberate on his case, and in conformity with signed "Justice," and dated "Columbia, May 15"-a previous act of the nation, well known to him, and the first paragraph of which is as follows: by which he was bound. The manner of punishm.cot "I see an account in the paper, of the murder of is nothing: that depends on the custom of the coungeneral McIntosh, one of the principal chiefs of the try. The Indians employ the rifle and the tomaCreek Indians, by about 400 warriors of his own na-hawk; we use the gibbet. [McIntosh knew the treaty tion. When all the facts, relating to this subject, shall of 12th February, 1825, was fraudulent and invalid."] be known to the people of the United States, I think they will be of opinion, that McIntosh was not murdered; but rather that he has been duly executed, according to the known laws and usages of the nation to which he belonged."

Bo

From the Montgomery Republican of May 6. From what we can learn of this matter, it seems not to have been the unauthorized act of a few individuals, but the deed of the chiefs of the upper towns. The writer then proceeds to notice the efforts that dies of Indians were drafted from the different towns, have been made, from the time of president Washing-gularity and secrecy. To what further acts this exeand every thing was conducted with the utmost reton to the present day, to civilize the Creeks and render them cultivators of the earth. He says that "the habits of savages and of hunters are fast wearing away among them"-that they meant to occupy their lands as cultivators of the soil-that the late treaty was made by McIntosh and others, without the consent of the representatives of the Creek nation, and adds

"Under this fradulent and pretended conveyance, a whole nation are to be forcibly dispossessed of their property-of the lands they inherit from their ancestors-the land they looked to as the future inheritance of their children, no longer bred up in savage habits, but gradually looking forward to the settled life of agriculturalists. Driven again into a savage life, among savages, on new and distant lands, and forced into almost inevitable hostility with the tribes they are compelled to intrude on. This is to be done, after these poor wretches have, for a series of years, been advised, pressed, tempted, exhorted, encouraged, and, by all manner of means, induced and persuaded, by our own government, to quit their hunter-life, and to embrace fixed and agricultural habits. These people, their wives and infants, are thus to be driven away, against their manifest and rightful claims, against their interest, against their intentions and inclinations, and to the utter destruction of all those improved views of future living which they have adopted in obedience to the advice of their great father Washington. Having thus persuaded them, for twenty years past, to commence a gradual change in their modes and habits of living, just as we have succeeded in this benevolent design, we destroy, in a moment, twenty years labor, we convert agriculturalists into savages, friends into enemies, and set an example of deliberate cold-blooded injustice, that is sufficient to make an honest and a kind hearted man shudder, on contemplating its origin, its progress and its consequences,

cution may lead, we are at a loss to say; but, in our shall interfere, (and we see no right or reason why opinion, unless the government of the United States they should intermeddle with it), we shall not hear

of any other disturbances in the Creek nation.

Since the above was in type, we have received the following, which may be considered as the Indian official account, inasmuch as the head chiefs of the upper towns desired its publication, to prevent misconstruction of their views, or alarm to citizens on the frontiers, and travellers through their country.

About two hours before day on Sunday morning the 1st inst, the house of gen. McIntosh was surrounded by Menaw way and about 100 Oakfuskee warriors.

McIntosh was within, as likewise were his women and children, and some white men. Menawway directed an interpreter to request the whites, and the women and children, to come out, as the warriors did not wish to harm them; that gen. McIntosh had broken the law that he himself had long since made, and they had come to execute him accordingly. They came out of the house, leaving McIntosh and Etome Tustenugge, one of his adherents, therein. The Indians then set fire to the house; and, as McIntosh and his comrade attempted to come out at the door, they shot them both down. The same day, about 12 o'clock, they hung Sam Hawkins, a half breed, in the Huckhosseliga square.

On Monday the 2nd inst. a party of Hillabee Indians fired on and wounded Ben Hawkins, another half breed, as it is supposed, very badly. They have not yet learned from that party, if he had been caught.

The chiefs wish it to be understood, that no danger whatever is to be apprehended by persons travelling through the nation; that they are friends to the whites, and wish them not to be alarmed by this execution, which is only a compliance with the laws that the great chiefs of the nation made at Pole-Cat spring.

"This treaty may be very advantageous for Georgia. Chilly McIntosh escaped from the house with the But reflecting men will not fail to inquire, can we, whites, and was not fired at or wounded, as is stated as members of an honest and fair-dealing govern- before. We see nothing in the Indian account which ment, justify these doings? Does it comport with the induces us to change our opinion. It appears to have honorable character of the American government, been a public execution, by the laws of the nation; whose proud motto is, "EQUAL AND EXACT JUSTICE TO and, we presume, before this, that every indian of ALL MEN," to become participators of this manifest any note who signed the treaty, has been dealt with fraud, and take advantage of a treaty so obtained? in the same way, for they generally make root and Did not McIntosh, belying his honorable character branch work when they begin. of national representative of his own people, and abusing the confidence reposed in him, act, not as agent of the Creek nation, but as the agent of the whites? He might, (by bare possibility), have meant well; but did he act well? Did he not know that his doings were not sanctioned by his nation, but were

FLORIDA. From information received from Tallahasse, the new seat of government for Florida, a very flattering account is given of the character of the soil. The writer states that, as far as he has explored, he has seen no land that may not be cultivated

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