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EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT,
Milledgeville, June 28, 1825.

SIR: A paper of this morning, printed at this place, containing a letter purporting to be addressed by your special agent to the agent for Indian affairs, in extenuation of his conduct in suspending him from his functions, under your instructions, is forwarded for the information of the president. If, in writing such a letter, the special agent has so acted as to find himself within the letter or spirit of those instructions, it is obvious that the question, which he was charged to investigate, had been prejudged at Washington, before his departure from that city, and that, cousequently, the government of Georgia can no longer, consistently with its own dignity, hold intercourse with that officer, of which, as you will see by the enclosed letter, he has had due notice.

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[FROM THE GEORGIA JOURNAL.]

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Fourth regiment of artillery.

Ist lieutenant John Munroe, to be captain 2d of
March, 1825, vice Morris, deceased.

1st lieutenant Jac. Schmuck, to be captain 11th
April, 1825, vice Bell, deceased.

2d lieutenant E. R. Alberti, to be 1st lieutenant 20
March, vice Munroe, promoted.

2d lieutenaut W. W. Wells, to be 1st lieutenant;
11th April, 1825, vice Schmuck, promoted.
Brevet 2d lieutenant John M. Fessenden, of the 1st
artillery, to be 2d lieutenant, 1st July, 1824.
Brevet 2d licutenant W. P. Bainbridge, of the 3d
artillery, to be 2d lieutenant, 1st July, 1824.

Brevet 2d lieutenant Horatio A. Wilson. of the 2d
artillery, to be 2d lieutenant, 1st July, 1824.

First regiment of infantry.

Brevet major David E. Twiggs, captain, to be major
14th May, 1825, vice Whartenby, deceased.
1st lieutenant W. S. Harney, to be captain 14th
May, 1825, vice Twiggs, promoted.

2d lieutenant Jefferson Vaile, to be 1st lieutenant
14th May, 1825, vice Harney, promoted.

2d lieutenant Wm. M. Boyce, to be 1st lieutenant
30th June, 1825, vice Pierce, resigned.
Brevet 2d lieutenant Timothy Page, of the Sd infan
try, to be 2d lieutenant, 1st July, 1824.
Brevet 2d lieutenant Electus Eackus, of the 2d it
fan try, to be 2d lieutenant, 1st July 1824.

Fourth regiment of infantry.

1st lieutenant Jeremiah Yancy, to be captain 31st of
May, 1825, vice Dulany, resigned.
2d lieutenant J. B. Triplett, to be 1st lieutenant,
31st May, 1825, vice Yancy, promoted.
Brevet 2d lieutenant F. D. Newcomb, of the 2d ins
fantry, to be 3d lieutenant 1st July, 1824.
Sixth regiment of infantry.

1st lieutenant Jacob Brown, to be captain 7th of
April, 1825, vice Larrabee, resigned.

Asbury, June 29th, 1825, Gentlemen: Having received information that the communication I made you respecting the death of gen. McIntosh, had hurt the minds of many of my friends, because I asserted that his death was for the breach of a law that he aided in making, you will picase to give this a place in your paper, that the authority I had for my assertion may be known. During the setting of the council at Broken Arrow, last July, I was told by the United States interpreter, that a law making it death for any chief to consent to sell land belonging to the nation, without the consent of the chiefs, was passed, or, as I am now informed, renewed. Shortly after, Chilly McIntosh, son of the general, informed me in my house, where I now live, that there was such a law passed. After the appointment of the treaty, which was held in December last, in conversation with him, he then observed no lands would be sold in consequence (I understood him) of the law. The Little Prince spoke of it in my house as the law of the nation. Some time last August there was a great ball play, (on the Sabbath day), in sight of the mission house; several hundred Indians were said to be present-before the meeting ended, general Mc Intosh got up in a carriage and proclaimed the law, aud that whoever broke it must suffer death. I could have no doubt of the existence of the law, long before the meeting of Pole Cat Springs, and that those who were killed, were killed by order of the chiefs for a violation of that law. Yesterday I attended the council, convened to meet gen. Gaines and maj. Andrews, sent by the president of the United States. In answer to the general's inquiry, why general McIntosh was put to death, the chief appointed to speak, informed him of the law proposed many years ago by the general; that it was the law of the nation; that McIntosh broke it, and that the chiefs ordered him to be killed; he observed he understood the agent was charged with his death; he said the agent J. B. F. Russell, lieutenant 5th infantry, to be aswas innocent; he had nothing to do with it; that thesistant commissary of subsistence, 27th of May, 1825. chiefs had it done for breaking the law. I am, gentlemen, respectfully yours,

ISAAC SMITH.

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The following promotions and appointments in the army of the United States have been made at the war department, since the publication of the order of the 8th of March, 1825.

3d lieutenant David II. Vinton, to be 1st lieutenant
7th April, 1825, vice Brown, promoted.
Brevet 2d lieutenant W. W. Eaton, to be 2d lieu
tenant 1st July, 1824.

Seventh regiment of infantry.
Brevet 2d lieutenant Dixon S. Miles, of the 4th in-
fantry to be 2d lieutenant, ist July, 1824.

APPOINTMENTS.

Robert Archer, assistant surgeon to be surgeon 9th of May, 1825.

Alfred W. Elwes, Md. to be assistant surgeon 9th of May, 1825.

Robert C. Wood, R. I. to be assistant surgeon 28th of May, 1825.

Lawrence Sprague, Me. to be assistant surgeor 22d of June, 1825.

Anthony Drane, lieutenant 5th infantry, to be as-
sistant commissary of subsistence, Sth of June, 1825.
Hugh P. Welch, lieutenant Ist artillery, to be assis-
tant commissary of subsistence, 13th of June, 1825.
Lewis T. Jamison, late lieutenant, to be 2d lieut-
enant 5th regiment of infantry, 1st of May, 1825.
David Brooks, lieutenant 2d infantry, to be assist-
ant commissary of subsistence, Sth July, 1825.
H. I. Feltus, lieutenant 1st artillery, to be assistanf
commissary of subsistence, Sth of July, 1825.

Cadets Alexander D. Bache, Peter McMartin, Alexander II. Lowman, Thomas S. Brown, to be brevet 2d lieutenants corps of engineers, 1st July, 1825 Cadets Stephen V. R. Ryan, Wm. A. Thornton, Brevet 2d lieutenant John M. Picton, to be second Mathew R. F. Harrison, Horace Smith, to be breve lieutenant 1st July, 1821.

Second regiment of artillery.

| 2d lieutenants 1st regt. of a allory, Ist of July, 182,

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Cadets Wm F. Hopkins, Robert Anderson, James R. Irwin, Charles F.Smith, to be brevet 2d lieutenants, 2d regiment of artillery, 1st of July, 1825. Cadets Daniel S. Donelso, Benjamin Huger, Abbot H. Brisbane, Alexander D. Mackay, Raphael C.Smead, to be brevet 2d lieutenants, 3d regiment of artillery, 1st of July, 1825.

Cadets Francis Taylor, Joseph W. Harris, to be brevet 2d lieutenants, 4th regiment of artillery, 1st July, 1825.

Cadet Osborne Cross, to be brevet 2d lieutenant, Ist regiment of infantry, 1st of July, 1825.

Cadets James S. Thompson, Gustavus Dorr, to be brevet 2d lieutenants, 2d regiment of infantry, 1st July,

1825.

Cadets Joseph S. Worth, W. R. Montgomery, to be brevet 2d lieutenauts, 3d regiment of infantry, 1st of July, 1825.

Cadets Lawrence F. Carter, Frederick Norcum, Nathaniel H. Street, to be brevet 2d lieutenants, 4th regiment of infantry, 1st of July, 1825.

Cadets Nathaniel S. Harris, Joseph Bonnell, to be brevet 2d lieutenants 5th regiment of infautry, 1st of July, 1825.

Cadets James J. Anderson, Joseph Clay, Samuel R. Allston, to be brevet 2d lieutenants, 6th regiment of infantry, 1st of July, 1825.

Cadets Washington Seawell, George W. Garey, James Engle, to be brevet 2d lieutenants, 7th regiment of infantry, 1st of July, 1825.

The general in chief announces the foregoing promotions and appointments, and directs the officers promoted to report for duty accordingly. Those appointed have received special orders from this office. By order of major general Brown,

R. JONES, adjutant general.

Opening of the Polish Diet.

ed during four years. You will have the satisfaction of seeing the rapid progress of industry, and to find that if the general prosperity has not yet attained the degree of perfection to which my wishes and the ef forts of the government seek to carry it, the cause must be looked for in nothing else than the almos general stagnation of trade in agricultural produce.t In other respects the most advantageous results have been obtained. The national debt approaches, to its complete acquittal.

"Two conventions have fixed the part of this debt that Austria and Prussia bave to support. In a short time anew finance law will regulate the revenue and expenditure of the state. A ruinous deficit had compromised your dearest interests. It has disappeared. The excess of the receipts must be applied scrupulously to the extinction of the national debt.

"The negotiations entered upon with the court of Berlin, to settle the affairs of commerce between Po land and Prussia, have been crowned with the most happy success, by means of a series of regulations, of a frank and amicable nature, which serve as the basis of my relations with my faithful allies. The convention which I have ratified affords easy openings to your commerce abroad. That which you have with Russia acquires daily greater activity and extent. The facilities that bave been granted to it are doubly advantageous, both by the mutual welfare of which they favor the progress, and by the new ties which draw the two nations together.

"The debts with which private property is burdened, have, in particular, excited my closest attention. A project for forming an association, in solide, of the land owners, will be laid before you. It is the result of opinions which have undergone long discussion in your council of the Palatines.

"Religion, that source of every virtue, that indispensable base of all human institutions, appears to command a revision of a part of your civil code. A

On the 13th May the emperor Alexander open-commission, chosen from among yourselves, has uned the session of the diet of Poland by the following speech:-

"When four years ago I separated myself from you, lamentable events had produced a general movement in Europe, which threatened to compromise the prosperity of all the nations. I wished to leave to the opinions time to become fixed, and to the passions time to subside. Your third session was deferred; but this delay, I am certain, will possess the happy result of having the better prepared your labors, and it is with real satisfaction, and with those sentiments of attachment of which I have already given you so many proofs, that I find myself in the midst

of you.

dertaken this important labor, and the project of the first book, which it has already discussed, will be communicated to you.

"My thoughts will accompany you in the discharge of your functions, and you will find me ever ready to adopt the ameliorations which may be proposed to me; but, at the same time, resolved to reject every species of concession that may be prejudicial to your prosperity.

"Representatives of the kingdom of Poland, may you, being free from all influence, proceed in your deliberations with calmness! The futurity of your country is in your hands. Consider nothing but its welfare, its real advantage. Render to it all the services that it expects from your assembling together, and second me in the accomplishment of the wishes which I have never ceased to form for it."

"In the interval that has elapsed since the last diet, faithful to my duties and to the resolutions which 1 expressed to you, as soon as I remarked the germ of troubles, I offered opposition to its development. To consolidate my work, ensure its duration, and guarantee to you the peaceable enjoyment of the fruits expected from it, have added an article to the fundamental law of the kingdom.* This measure, which removes all necessity of exercising influence in the choice of members of the dict and upon your deliberations, proves the part I take in the consolidation of your constitutional compact. This is the sole object that I proposed to accomplish in adopting this measure, and the Poles, I have the full- Art. II. There shall be, between all the territories est confidence, will know how to appreciate the ob- of his Britannic majesty in Europe, and the territoject and the means I have employed for its accom-ries of the United Provinces of Rio de la Plata, a reciplishment.

"My minister in the interior will lay before you the picture of the situation of the kingdom, as well as the administrative measures that have been pursu

* The article here referred to, is that by which the publicity of the debates of the diet is prohibited.

Great Britain and Buenos Ayres. Treaty of amity, commerce and navigation, between H. E. majesty and the United Provinces of Rio de la Plata. Art. I. There shall be perpetual amity between the dominions and subjects of his majesty, the king of the united kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the United Provinces of Rio de la Plata, and their inhabitants.

procal freedom of commerce: the inhabitants of the two countries, respectively, shall have liberty, freely and securely, to come, with their ships and cargoes, to all such places, ports and rivers, in the territories aforesaid, to which other foreigners are or may be permitted to come, to enter into the same and to remain and reside in any part of the said territories re

spectively; also, to hire and occupy houses and ware- the laws of Great Britain, shall be considered as houses, for the purposes of their commerce; and, ge- British vessels; and that all vessels, built in the terrinerally, the merchants and traders of each nation tories of the said United Provinces, properly regis respectively, shall enjoy the most complete protec-tered, and owned by the citizens thereof, or any of them, and whereof the master and three-fourths of the mariners, at least, are citizens of the said United Provinces, shall be considered as vessels of the said United Provinces.

tion and security for their commerce; subject always to the laws and statutes of the two countries respecLively.

Art. III. His majesty, the king of the united kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, engages further, Art. VIII. All merchants, commanders of ships and that, in all his dominious situated out of Europe, the others, the subjects of his Britannic majesty, shall inhabitants of the United Provinces of Rio de la Plata have the same liberty, in all the territories of the said shall have the like liberty of commerce and naviga- United Provinces, as the natives thereof, to manage tion stipulated for in the preceding article, to the full their own affairs themselves, or to commit them to extent, in which the same is permitted at present, or the management of whomsoever they please, as broshall be permitted hereafter, to any other nation. ker, factor, agent or interpreter; nor shall they be Art. IV. No higher or other duties shall be impos-obliged to employ any other persons for those pured on the importation, into the territories of his Bri- poses, nor to pay them any salary or remuneration, tannic majesty, of any articles of the growth, produce unless they shall choose to employ them; and absoor manufacture of the United Provinces of Rio de la lute freedom shall be allowed, in all cases, to the Flata, and no higher or other duties shall be imposed buyer and seller to bargain and fix the price of any on the importation into the said United Provinces, of goods, wares or merchandise, imported into, or exany articles of the growth, produce or manufacture of ported from, the said United Provinces, as they shall of his. Britannic majesty's dominions, than are or see good. shall be payable on the like articles, being the growth, Art. LX. In whatever relates to the lading and unproduce or manufacture, of any other foreign coun- lading of ships, the safety of merchandise, goods and try; nor shall any other or higher duties or charges be effects, the disposal of property of every sort ar 1 deimposed, in the territories or dominions of either of nomination, by sale, donation, or exchange, or in the contracting parties, on the exportation of any ar- any other manuer whatsoever, as also the administraticles to the territories or dominions of the other, tion of justice, the subjects and citizens of the two than such as are or may be payable on the exportation contracting parties shall enjoy, in their respective of the like articles to any other foreign country; nor dominions, the same privileges, liberties and rights, shall any prohibition be imposed upon the exporta- as the most favored nation, and shall not be charged, tion or importation of any articles, the growth, pro-in any of these respects, with any higher duties or duce or manufacture of his Britannic majesty's domi- imposts than those which are paid or may be paid by nions, or of the said United Provinces, which shall the native subjects or citizens of the power in whose not equally extend to all other nations. dominions they may be resident. They shall be exempted from all compulsory military service whatsoever, whether by sea or land, and from all forced loans, or military exactions or requisitions; neither shall they be compelled to pay any ordinary taxes, under any pretext whatsoever, greater than those that are paid by native subjects or citizens.

Art. V. No higher or other dues or charges on account of tonnage, light or harbor dues, pilotage, salvage, in case of damage or shipwreck, or any other local charges, shall be imposed, in any of the ports of the said United Provinces, on British vessels, of the burthen of 120 tons, than those payable, in the same ports, by vessels of the said United Provinces, of the same burthen; nor in the ports of any of his Britannic majesty's territories, of the vessels of the United Provinces, of above 120 tons, than shall be payable, in the same ports, on British vessels, of the same burthen.

Art. X. It shall be free for each of the two contracting partios to appoint consuls for the protection of trade, to reside in the dominions and territories of the other party; but before any consul shall act as such, he shall, in the usual form, be approved and admitted by the government to which he is sent; and either of the contracting partics may except from the residence of consuls, such particular places as either of them may judge fit to be so excepted.

Art. VI. The same duties shall be paid on the importation into the said United Provinces of any articles the growth, produce, or manufacture of his Britannic majesty's dominions, whether such importa- Art. XI. For the better security of commerce betion shall be in vessels of the said United Provinces tween the subjects of his Britannic majesty and the or in British vessels; and the same duties shall be inhabitants of the United Provinces of Řio La Plata, paid on the importation into the dominions of his Bri- it is agreed, that if, at any time, any interruption tannic majesty of any article, of the growth, produce of friendly commercial intercourse, or any rupture or manufacture of the said United Provinces, whe-should unfortunately take place between the two conther such importation shall be in British vessels or in vessels of the said United Provinces:-The same duties shall be paid, and the same drawbacks and bounties allowed, on the exportation of any articles of the growth, produce or manufacture of his Britannic majesty's dominions, to the said United Provinces, whether such exportation shall be in vessels of the said United Provinces, or in British vessels; and the same duties shall be paid, and the same bounties and drawbacks allowed, on the exportation of any articles, the growth, produce or manufacture of the said United Provinces, to his Britannic majesty's dominions, whether such exportation shall be in British vessels, or in vessels of the said United Provinces.

tracting parties, the subjects or citizens of either of the two contracting parties, residing in the dominions of the other, shall have the privilege of remaining and continuing their trade therein, without any manner of interruption, so long as they behave peaceably, and commit no offence against the laws; and their effects and property, whether entrusted to individuals or to the state, shall not be liable to seizure or sequestratier, or to any other demands than those which may be made upon the like effects or property belonging to the native inhabitants of the state in which such subjects or citizens may reside.

Art. XII. The subjects of his Britannic majesty, residing in the United Provinces of Rio de La Plata, Art. VII. In order to avoid any misunderstanding, shall not be disturbed, persecuted or annoyed, on acwith respect to the regulations which may respec- count of their religion, but they shall have perfect tively constitute a British vessel, or a vessel of the liberty of conscience therein, and to celebrate divipe said United Provinces, it is hereby agreed, that all service, either within their own private houses, or in vessels built in the dominions of his Britannic majes-their own particular churches er chapels, which they ty, and owned, navigated and registered according to Ishall be at liberty to build and maintain in couvenient

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Clinch, all the troops, military stores, &c. now Fort St. Carlos de Barancas, at Pensacola, and to deliver up that post as may be directed by the secretary of the navy.

Died, on the 11th ult. in Union district, S. C. gen. Hugh Means, in the 74th year of his agc. He was a valuable soldier in the revolution, and much respect

places, approved of by the government of the said Unit-
ed Provinces. Liberty shall also be granted to bury
the subjects of his Britannic majesty who may die in
the said United Provinces, in their own burial places,
which, in the same manner, they may freely establish
and maintain. In the like manner, the citizens of the
said United Provinces shall enjoy, within all the do-
minions of his Britannic majesty, a perfect and un-ed at the time of his death.
restrained liberty of conscience, and of exercising
their religion, publicly or privately, within their own
dwelling houses, or in the chaples and places of
worship appointed for that purpose, agreeably to the
system of toleration established in the dominions of
his said majesty.

Art. X. It shall be free for the subjects of his Britannic majesty, residing in the United Provinces of Rio de La Plata, to dispose of their property, of every description, by will or testament, as they may judge fit; and, in the event of any British subject dying without such will or testament, in the territories of the said United Provinces, the British consul general, or, in his absence, his representative, shall have the right to nominate curators, to take charge of the property of the deceased, for the benefit of his lawful heirs and creditors, without interference, giving convenient notice thereof to the authorities of the country, and reciprocally.

Art. XIV. His Britannic majesty being extremely desirous of totally abolishing the slave trade, the United Provinces of Rio de la Plata engage to co-ope rate with his Britannic majesty, for the completion of so beneficent a work, and to prohibit all persons, inbabiting within the said United Provinces, or subject to their jurisdiction, in the most effectual manner, and by the most solemn laws, from taking any share

in such trade.

Art. XV. The present treaty shall be ratified, and the ratifications shall be exchanged in London within four months, or sooner, if possible.

In witness whereof, the respective plenipoten-
tiaries have signed the same, and have affixed
their seals thereunto.

Done at Buenos Ayres, the 2d day of Feb-
ruary, A. D. 1825.

[L. S.] WOODBINE PARISH, H. M. consul gen.
L. S.] MANL. J. GARCIA.

CHRONICLE.

The president of the United States entered upon the 59th year of his age on the 11th inst.

Achille and Napoleon Murat, sons of the late king of Naples, have made, at Philadelphia, the necessary declaration preparatory to their becoming citizens of the United States. It is understood that they will settle in Florida.

Isaac B. Desha. The third trial of Isaac B. Desha, for the murder of Francis Baker, came on in the Harrison circuit court, (Kentucky), on Friday, the 17th ult. On Tuesday following, not one jury man having been obtained, the trial was postponed until

the next court.

PIt is very possible that twelve persons, suited fer jurors, cannot be collected in any county of the state, who have not expressed an opinion as to the guilt or innocency of the accused. What is to be done, in this case?

-, suddenly, at Manchester, Mass. Henry Ward, a lieut. in the U. S. navy, aged 34; also, in Boston, lieut. Walter Abbot, who was severely wounded in the battle between the Chesapeake and Shannon, auf which finally caused his death.

at Buenos Ayres, 6th May, captain Joseph Rush, of the Brig Hippomenes. His remains were interred in the Protestant burying ground, attended by the charge des affaires and consul of the United States, and the Americans in that place. It must be gratifying to the friends of civil and religious liberty, that, in that city, once within the grasp of the iron hand of the inquisition, a Protestant funeral is conducted with the same order, decorum and solemnity, as in any part of the world.

at Bath, Maine, Levi Patterson, aged 55, of corpulency. He weighed between 5 and 600 pounds. A counterfeiter of the name of Tees, has been sen tenced to twenty-four years confinement in the penitentiary of Pennsylvania.

Corn. One dollar and twenty-five cents per bushel was asked for corn, of a very indifferent quality, at Wilmington, N. C. on the 6th of July. There was not a bushel of good corn in the market. At Baltimore, the very best is worth only from 44 to 46 cents per bushel.

North Carolina A gentleman of Orange county, in this state, has lately emancipated eleven likely slaves, and sent them to Liberia.

Game laws. A person has been prosecuted in King's county, New York, and compelled to pay $8 40," penalty and costs, for shooting seventeen woodcock, before the first day of July. The offence is in killing the game when supposed not to be in season.

producing the first quality of the lime used to make Valuable discovery. Extensive quarries of the stone, water cement, have been discovered along the proposed line of the Delaware and Hudson canal, in Ulster county, New York.

Porosity of malter. Some years ago, in a voyage to South Africa, two empty spherical bottles, hermetrically sealed, were, with the help of leads, sunk 200 fathoms into the sea. hour raising them. At that depth the pressure was Ten men were a quarter of an equal to 36 atmospheres nearly, (the weight of an at mosphere 15 lbs. on a square inch, or 2,100 lbs. on water. a square foot;) and they where found to be full of

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Cincinnati, July 2. An association has been formcd in this city, for the purpose of establishing another community, upon Mr. Owen's principles, though with some slight variations in the details of its plan. They have purchased the site for their establishment, consisting of about $00 acres, at the Yellow Springs, Green county, near the head waters of the Little Miami, about 65 miles northeast of this city, and are preparing to commence their operations immediately, by the erection of suitable buildings for the accommodation of visitors to this favorite watering place. We regret to find, from their advertisement, that the contemplated improvement will preclude the practicability of accommodating visitors this season. It is also understood that this community has in view the establishment of several manufactories, Naval Depot. Col. Clinch has received instructions for which the water power in the vicinity of the from the adjutant general to remove to cantonment spring will afford favorable sites.-Lit. Gazette.

Thompson's Island remains exceedingly unhealthy. The building of the light house was suspended in consequence of it.

The U. S. armory at Springfield, has again been damaged by fire-the loss is estimated at 6 or 7,000 dollars.

PRINTED BY WILLIAM OGDEN NILES, AT THE FRANKLIN PRESS, WATER-STREET, EAST OF SOUTU-STREET.

THIRD SERIES.

No. 22-VOL. IV.]

BALTIMORE, JULY 30, 1825.

[VOL. XXVIII. WHOLE NO. 724

THE PAST THE PRESENT-FOR THE FUTURE.

EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY H. NILES, AT $5 PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.

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"RIGHT OF INSTRUCTION." My unknown corres-[one of the editors of the "National Intelligencer," pondent has now concluded his series of essays on was called up by the court to name the person on the "right of instruction;" and, so far as my opinion whose authority a certain statement had been made goes, they abound with as strong and able arguments in that paper. For the honor of his profession, and as I have ever seen on this interesting and impor- in accordance with a sound editorial principle, he tant subject; and there is a clearness and close- declined-there was something said about coercing ness of reasoning in them that cannot fail of com- him, and the court was about to be cleared for the manding the respect even of those who may not sub- purpose of devising the means, when commodore scribe, in extenso, to the doctrines maintained: but Porter stepped forward and admitted that he himself some of the chief points, being based on a rock, had published the correspondence, and said that he the sovereignty of the people, are irresistably power- would have freely avowed it, if he had been called on ful. Yet, as I have said before, I still think, that the instead of the editors. "right of instruction" exists in the people, in all ordinary cases, meaning those in which the obligation of the representative to the tenor of his oath may not be immediately affected, or as to matters of opinion; but the representative has also the right of inquiry, and of judging for himself what really is the will of his constituents, being responsible to them for the result of that inquiry and judgment.

GEN. LAFAYETTE arrived at Wilmington, Del. ou Monday last, and, after visiting some of his acquaintances and dining with his masonic brethren, at their hall, departed for the seat of his friend Dupont, on the Brandywine-where, if he ever before was on the spot, he will observe as much improvement as any other part of the United States can exhibit; for there is the Manly discussions like these always do good. "Dif-largest powder manufactory in the world, with a very ferences of opinion are not always differences of prin- fine woollen manufactory, cotton mill, tannery, &c. ciple," and "free investigation is the shield of truth;" &c. and there are pretty large and rich fields and fine and, under the impression of these facts, I shall re- orchards, &c. where a rabbit could not have made his cur to the subject at some early day, and also "ex-way, a few years ago, so rude and rough was the press my opinions" upon it.

COM. PORTER. The trial of this distinguished officer is not yet finished. A great deal of time has been consumed in the examination of papers, and the settlement of many litigated points. The proceedings promise to be very important in the establishment of many principles, for the rule and government of courts martial; for a number of new questions appear to have come up for consideration.

country. The general visited the battle ground at Chadd's Ford, on Tuesday, and would thence proeeed to West Chester, Lancaster, &c.-He is expected in Baltimore this evening, (Friday.)

A Philadelphia paper says-gen. Lafayette's claims, under the late law of indemnity, for confiscated preperty during the French revolution, amount, it is said, to six hundred thousand francs-Should he receive that sum, about one hundred and twenty thousand dollars, (of which there is little reason to doubt, as he comes within every principle of the provision), it will make a considerable addition to the donations of this country, and render the decline of his life almost as affluent as the commencement of it. It is understood that he does not go to France for a permanent residence there, but intends to return again to the United States.

Faintly advised as we are of the facts, we do not wish to occupy much space with accounts of this trial at present, but there are two recent occurrences that it seems proper to notice. Certain private letters between Mr. Monroe and com. Porter have been brought into court, but we do not recollect to have observed that they were acted upon, and we hope that they may not be, unless, indeed, to develope something very important:* the other is, that Mr. Seaton,|--a

Since this paper was "made up" for the press, we observe that, in Thursday's proceedings of the court martial, these letters, with replies to certain interrogatories proposed to Mr. Monroe, have been read. We now can only briefly notice the substance of them. On the 10th March 1825, com. Porter wrote a letter to Mr. Monroe requesting permission to pay his respects to him-Mr. Monroe declined the visit, lest it might be attributed to a desire to influence the conduct of the new executive as to the Foxardo affair.

By the answers to the interrogatories, it would seem that Mr. Monroe goes into a full narration of the reasons that induced the recall of com. P. It appears, also, that the com. left his station and returned in June 1824, without leave, or without advice to the government on the subject-that for this, the president, with all possible delicacy, had it intimated to him that a visit from him, (the com.) would not be acceptable and that a visit did not take place; that thereafter, in October, the com. was formally ordered to his station, to which he replied by a note thought exceptionable-but that he finally proceeded to the West Indies, and was recalled on account of the Fox ardo affair-and further, that the secrotary of the Vol. XXVIII.

HAYTI. We are advised of a very important event recognition of the independence of Hayti by France, see page 351. The French government has acted most wisely in this transaction, in giving up a claim which all the power that even Napoleon himself ever possessed could not have realized, for the sum of 150 millions of francs, to be paid by the government of Hayti, and the payment only of half duties for the French trade, by French subjects, for the space of six years. This will go far to give to France a monopoly of the trade of the island, and yield many millions more of profit to her people; and besides, it will establish commercial connections which, if properly managed, will last for many years. The new king or his ministers have shewn a degree of wisdom and foresight in this business that we did not expect of them, and they have also preserved their principle, as to "legitimacy"—for though one anointed with the "holy oil!" cannot be rightfully divested of any part of his sovereignty, let him be ever so great a tyrant, knave or fool,-still he may give it up as of his own motion! The "Spanish" part of the island is not included in this acknowledgment; but the

navy, instead of having shewn a hostile feeling to the commodore, had exhibited a feeling directly the reverse of hostile, &c. This is the substance of what is stated in the "National Journal."

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