to him

His letter also to the president, shows that, difficulties might arise. He was deprived, by this refusal, of the He is here charg-privilege of confronting his accusers, and of interrogating and cross-examining witnesses, summoned for bis conviction. Such the subject of it was a complaint. testimony only as the committee chose to select was heard, and, when published to the world, declared a language different from what the witnesses intended.

"The committee, whilst adverting to the origin of the Seminole sions on our rights, as a justification of the measures which were war, have omitted to enumerate the Spanish and Indian aggres adopted in its prosecution. They have rather employed palliatives for the outragen of the enemy, and given an aggravated aspect to the measures which were adopted for the peace and security of misconception of facts, and incorrect arguments collectiers. Add to this, the manner in which the testimony was contained in the report-the time at which it was published, andf the style in which it was composed, and your respondent cannot to the military officers under his command." forego the belief that it evinces an hostility to the executive, and "After all the above circumstances had transpired, and it was supposed that the subject of the Seminole war had been finally disposed of in the house of representatives, your committee took it up with avidity, prosecuted it with an assiduity that was unexam pled, and animadverted upon the conduct of the executive and his official agents, in a manner which, it is believed, to be altogether strange and novel. By reiterations of mal-conduct, they seem to have evinced a disposition to stamp upon the whole transaction, and those connected with it, infamy and disgrace."

ed with disrespect to the court of inquiry, because he published the proceedings and found fault with "By refusing the accused an opportunity to confront and crossthem. If it were necessary to justify himself from this charge, by showing the temper of that court to-examine witnesses, how easily may be indulged in rancorous invers ward him, he could find sufficient ground on which to tive, and occasions sought to vent malignant and implacable rething of the kind occurred during the present investigation; but, justify himself. That he had cause of complaint was sentment. Your respondent does not pretend to assert that any clear, from the fact that the court had placed him has barely adverted to it, as forming a portion of the evil conse under an interdiction, and continued it, with stern quences which might arise from so informal a method of inquiry. and unrelenting severity, after he had explained to adopt such a course, is to prostrate the rules of judicial proceedings, to violate every maxim of justice, and to trample down away the cause. He had objected to the formation all the sacred guaranties of the constitution." of that court-whether the objection was well or ill founded, he had a right to be heard-the court decided that it had no power to pronounce on its own competency, but referred the question to the decision He objected to this of the secretary of the navy. course for reasons which he stated; and having, in the course of his remarks, used the term "incompetency," the court construed it as applying to its mental instead of its legal character, whereas it would be seen, by reference to the letter of the accused, that it had reference only to the legal authority and construction of the court. The court, however, proceeded on its own inferences. No communication, which the accused might offer, was to be received, until it should have been read by the judge advocate, and determined by him to be free Should the time ever arrive when a majority of any of the supe from exception. It was then deliberated on by their tribunals of the nation, influenced by party feelings, shall procourt in conclave, to which the accused was not to ceed to criminate a public officer, or effect his removal, in order be admitted. Had the accused submitted to this, he to create a vacancy, or to gratify the ambition of a favorite partiwould have betrayed the right he possessed, of a di- san, then may private resentment, and the most angry passion, ings. Every sentiment of justice and humanity will be completely rect communication with the court, without the in-acquire an unbounded and dangerous control over their proceed. tervention of any intermediate power. If that court stilled, as well as all regard for the constitution and laws. The bad thus misconstrued the meaning of the accused, the patriot will have ample cause to tremble for the honor of his coun try and the perpetuity of her republican institutions. The venepresent court would do him the justice to regard it rable fabric of our liberties, which has been consecrated by the in the light he had stated. The interdict and its blood of our heroes and the wisdom of our sages, will be imminently cause were placed on the record of that court against endangered, if not entirely buried in ruins. Him, and this constituted a sufficient cause of com-world, at a time to preclude all investigation, is a eircumstance plaint.

That the charges preferred should have been published to the but little calculated to impart consolation, or to quiet the alarms of reputation assailed. No other sentiment can be indulged, than that it was intended, by counteracting the decision of the house of representatives, previously made, to produce an unfavorable im an antidote to the impressions it was intended to disseminate pression on the public mind, before any thing could be offered as Twelve months have elapsed since the publication of the report; all investigation has been necessarily postponed, and hence has excite prejudice, and thereby prevent that impartial examination additional, unmerited injury been sustained. The effect has been to which is essential to correct determination."

On the subject of the right which every military man possessed, of making an appeal to the public, it would be impossible to deny it. Instances are numerous, both here and in England, of appeals from officers to the public, when they have imagined that injustice has been done to them by courts. He would advert to a single precedent, the value of which "So far as the committee have embraced, within their investicould not be misunderstood; and that is, between a lar troops from the frontiers of Georgia; the employment of vo legislative body and a high military officer. If there gation, the original causes of the war; the withdrawal of the regu be a situation in which, more than in any other, alunteers and friendly Indians; the execution of Arbuthnot and military officer feels the necessity of adopting a re- Ambrister; the order to take possession of St. Augustine, and the nagement of the war, it is believed to be an act of supererogation, spectful phraseology, it is when speaking to the high reasons and motives of your respondent, in the conduct and ma legislature of his country. It is well known that gen. and a departure from sound practice. This objection is not made, Jackson, by his attack and conquest of the Floridas, by your respondent, upon the ground that be considers his conmentioned as presumption of the strong disposition of your com drew on him a strict inquiry in both houses of con- duct vulnerable, or from a wish to elude inquiry, but is barely The house of representatives had made a re- mittce to affix censure upon his motives and actions." gress. port, fully acquitting him of any criminality. The report made by the senate was of an adverse character; and it was made so late in the session, that no opportunity was afforded to the general to justify himself before the following session. He then presented a memorial, addressed to that elevated body, and expressed in language so strong, that it became a question whether it ought to be received. On the motion to print it, it was urged by some members, that, to print it, was to give a sanction to language which was disrespectful to their character. It was, however, triumphantly decided to be a right which every citizen possessed to make his complaints in firm language. The accused here read the following sentences from the memorial of general Jackson, in illustration of the argument.

"The manner in which the inquiry was conducted by the com. mittee is believed to have been novel; a mass of testimony, tending seriously to affect the reputation of an individual, was collected; aud, although it was proposed, yet was an opportunity denied him of appearing before them to offer any statement or explanation in his power, in relation to these subjects upon which doubts and

Institute a comparison between this proceeding and that of the court of inquiry. It would be next to impossible for any man to make a statement in more decorous terms than that which the accused had made to the court of inquiry. Contrast this statement with the memorial of gen. Jackson, and look at the consequences which resulted to the two authors. "Here am I, (ssid the accused) merely for remonstrating against the proceedings of the court of inquiry-merely for uttering a complaint-here am I denounced and subjected to a tedious and galling prosecution, procrastinated for seven or eight months, while general Jackson is elevated to the highest pitch of public favor, and is now an ornament of that The 5th specification charges the accused with having, without very senate which he is supposed to have insulted." authority, made public official communications and correspondence. What are the official communications, &c. is not specified. the National Intelligencer and National Journal. He would not The only publications specified, are two in public news-paperstake up the time of the court in the inquiry, under what law this specification has been made. But what law, either in the written or statute law of the country, renders an officer of the navy cri minal for such an act as this? He knew of no law which forbids such a publication. This correspondence is of a publje nature, and is intended for the benefit of the public. There are but two predicaments in which an officer may be placed by a publication of this description.

1st. When, for some reasons of state, the department may bave enjoined seercey.

Edly. When, for some reasons of state or for some military pur-ment, that a larger frigate should be prepared for him. After this pose, the communication carries on its face an obligation to secrecy, decision of com. Rodgers, in November, 1823, and the letters he Were these letters communicated under the sanction of secrecy? had subsequently received, promising either a ship of the line or a There is no evidence to prove any thing of the kind. Were they, in their nature, confidential? and was the disclosure he complained, in 1824, on being ordered to go to his station in a of them likely to be followed by any ill consequences? If it were small and insufficient vessel, and requested to remain until a suitadmitted that he had disclosed matters, which violated confidence able vessel could be prepared, there was any thing in his complaint larger frigate, he left it to the court to determine whether, when imposed on him, he would then be guilty of scandalous conduct, which deserved the character of captious or unreasonable. He unbecoming an officer, and might be tried on that charge, under a had been often promised; these proinises had not been fulfilled; specific article. He would not take up the time of the court, in and the object of his stay at Washington, was to infuse that acti Discussing whether he had acted with sufficient politeness and vity into the department, which, he had reason to believe, would be courtesy, because he did not concede that the court had any power the result of his presence on the spot. to decide on these points; if it bad, the evidence on the face of the letters would be sufficient for him to rely on. He would, therefore, dismiss this point, in as general a manner as the specification under which it was brought, was worded.

pears to have been introduced, in order to produce any effect, is that which relates to the interchange of personal civilities. The The only other part of the deposition of Mr. Monroe which ap March, was written with the design to detach, in the president' mind, all official feelings from those which were of a private che letter which the accused addressed to Monroe, of the date of 10th official conduct. He presumed that nothing but a very hasty pe rusal of his letter could have led Mr. Monroe into a construction so erroneous and unwarranted. The only purpose for which these offcial topics were introduced into the letter was to explain and apologize for his conduct in not calling on the president. Thus be ex plained the matter in his second letter; and in this light, Mr. Monroe says, in his deposition, be ought to have viewed it. Yet, notwithstanding this admission, he has deposited this correspondence in the archives of the navy department. The accused could not but regard this conduct as extraordinary; but if Mr. Monroe was himself satisfied with what he had done, it was not for him to remark further upon it. As to that part which states that Mr. Monroe took on himself the responsibility of all the orders which were issued, the acensed had nothing to say.

He had thus gone through, though with much tediousness to to those who had favored with their attention the various points which he bad to urge in bis defence. But he wished now to ad-racter. Yet this was construed into a proposition to explain his vert, before he concluded, to a document which was before the court: he meant the deposition of Mr. Monroe. If he understood the gist of this matter, it was intended so to strengthen the charges against him, as to induce the president of the United States to lay him ander some interdiet, on suspicion of being guilty of some offence not developed. It was alleged that he had left the West Indian station. in 1924, without leave, and without apprising the secretary of the navy; that he had remained for some months at Washington city, and that, when ordered to return to his station, he displayed much reluctance to obey the order, and to the manner in which he was to return. As to the charge of having quitted the station without leave, he could justily himself by the latter part of the instructions of the secretary of the navy, (Thompson), in which he was enjoined to adopt those measures which were best calculated to preserve the health of the squadron. Again, by a subsequent correspondence with the secretary, in which he was authorized, by a carte blanche, to return home when, and in what manner be pleased-a permis. sion which the successor to the late secretary had never recalled. Whether the present secretary was aware of the extent of this discretion, he could not say; but that he did not defend the conduct of the accused, on his return, to the president, either shows that he was not aware of it, or justifies me in my complaint of him. When he returned, in 1822, no censure was cast upon him, and when was the discretion revoked, on which he then seted. He had not, bowever, quitted the station, in 1824, without giving notice, but, by some fatality, the secretary did not receive the letter until the very day when the accused had arrived. He had despatched this letter by lieut. Legare; but it was not material to go farther. It was proper and polite that he should give notice, and the department was aware of the reason which had prevented the receipt of the despatch in proper time. By some means, the president had taken up the idea that he had returned without leave.

not something singular in the conduct of the accused, in not ap proaching the president, without asking leave. To some, this may be the ground of an injurious supposition; but as he was conscious A question had been proposed to Mr. Monroe, whether there was of the purity of his motives and conduct, an apprehension of such a result would produce but a slight impression. His reputation stood too firmly, as well as too high, to be shaken by idle surmises. If he was one of those to whom the smiles of power were of any ve lue, he might take alarm at such a suggestion: but such was not the construction of his character. In the letter of Mr. Monroe, he says that he conceived that it would be improper to receive the a cused, while his conduct was unexplained. As he has given this statement under the solemn guarantee of an oath, he has, no doubt, spoken truly, and this must be regarded as the sole reason by which the president was swayed.

displeasure of the president, he attributed it to some offence in style, of which he had been guilty, or some other unaccountable preju The truth is, when the accused found himself under the frown or He had hoped, when other explanations were made, through he could have done so, without any surrender of right. The presi com. Chauncey, that this, also had been explained. He had, after dent had taken up an impression that, in his conduct at Foxardo, dice, which he would gladly have explained and corrected, so far as wards, been frequently invited to the house of the president, but the accused did not follow the dictates of his cool judgment, weigh had declined to accept the invitation, because he felt that his feeling what was due to the interests of his country; but that he had ings had been wounded. From the depositions which have been read out to his station in a larger vessel, and bad made the descent on it would seem that Mr. Monroe's mind is yet under a cloud on this Foxardo iu a fit of passion. subject; and of this, he had not, until now, even entertained a sus been under the influence of pique, because he had not been sent picion. The report of the secretary of the navy, dated 1st Dec. 1924, appeared to him to be a sufficient vindication of him. He did apprehend that this report, made some five or six months after his return, was as complete and ample an exoneration as was He cessary. As to the other impression on the mind of the venerable to the time of his delay in Washington, it would be seen by that gentleman who lately filled the office of president, which related report, that, during the whole of this period, he had been actively employed. The letters, also, which had been read to the court on Friday would show how actively his time had been employed dur ing that year. In his letter, Mr. Monroe seemed to speak of the ill-health of the accused, in the manner of a palliation of his conduct; but he desired no palliation. Under the affliction of a se vere sickness; under the oppression of a local disorder, caused by the exfoliation of the bone of his shoulder; he was still alive to the duties which devolved upon him, and devoted every hour to active employment.

Notwithstanding the peremptory order he received to join the squadron on his station, he expected to have been accommodated with a roomy frigate. When he received the order, he remon strated to the department; and that remonstrance was not complained of. According to the showing of the secretary, there was no immediate necessity for his retura. It was every where admitted that piracy had diminished, and our commerce required no energetic movement to protect it. He wished to acquit himself of the charge of captious complaint pears to regard it as trifling whether the commander of a squadron shall go out in a vessel sufficiently large to give protection to The secretary of the navy aphis flag-whether he proceeds to sea in a galliot or a seventy-four. So early as the spring of 1823, he had clearly shown the necessity of having a larger vessel, with a view to the preservation of the health of the squadron, as well as for other purposes. In the month of November of that year, com. Rodgers adopted all his views on the subject, and recommended that a seventy-four should be sent to the station. During the correspondence of the accused with the department, in 1824, various promises were held out to him, stating that he should be furnished with a ship of the line; but the limited appropriation made by congress at that time, prevented the fitting out of a vessel of that character veral letters, and one from Mr. Hay, the chje f clerk of the depart It was admitted, by se

that he would not have ordered my recall. It was, however, of minor importance in what degree of disfavor he stood with the executive, or any subordinate member of the government. If he Had the president known otherwise, it is but fair to presume had done his duty, that was sufficient. He was not the servant of the government, obliged to bend to those who were placed in to serve his country; but he was the slave of no government. He belonged to the people, and was the servant only of the people. more elevated situations. The only obligation he was under was and of other officers, which could not but be manifest. The reThere had been a marked difference in the treatment of him call, however, was not dated until the 27th of December, the day port of the proceedings at Foxardo was received at the department when the resolution of congress, calling on the executive for in on the 4th of December. Had any thing been wrong, the deformation on the subject, passed. He believed, but for that, the partment would have instantly recalled him. The letter of refortune, not the fault of the executive, that the president could not brave the inquiry of the house of representatives, as it had done that of the senate in the ease of gen. Jackson. Had an executive would have waited for his explanation. It was bis misinvestigation taken place, even immediately after his return, be should have easily justified himself. But, when the length of time which had elapsed, and the treatment he had received, are considered, it will not be denied that he has a right to complain. executive might have dismissed the accused, by a summary exercise of his power; that the very fact of preferring the charges is ficiency of the charges and the legality of the offence, that the One remark more. It has been said, with respect to the suf to be taken as evidence that the conduct of the accased is censured; and that the court has only to hear the facts and receive what is offered in mitigation. The judge advocate had decided that this was a military offence, which a court-martial could try-whe ther it could also punish, he had not said. He presumed it was intended that the court might sit as a court of inquest, to try the facts. All he could say, was, the court must have absolute juris diction or none. If his offence is one which the executive can punish, it is conclusive that this court can take no cognizance of it. This would be an anomaly. It the president has the power to with him to punish and with him alone. punish, he cannot delegate that power. The power is, then,

PRINTED BY WILLIAM OGDEN NILES, AT THE FRANKLIN PRESS, WATER-STREET, EAST OF SOUTH-STREET.

THIRD SERIES. No. 25-VOL. IV.]

BALTIMORE, AUGUST 20, 1825. [VOL. XXVIII. WHOLE NO. 727

THE PAST-THE PRESENT-FOR THE FUTURE.

EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY II. NILES, AT $5 PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.

The quantity of documentary and current, he had been punished already, by being put on half matter which it seems proper should be inserted for pay. [The finding of the court, (approved by the present use and reference, far exceeds the limits of president), is that he shall be suspended from pay this work; and it will require two or three papers to and emoluments for two years.] bring up the lee-way caused by the insertion of com. Porter's defence in the last REGISTER, and the subsequent proceedings of the court martial, given in the present. A large quantity of matter, in type, is lying over.

GEN. LAFAYETTE, accompanied by the president of the United States, returned to Washington, from his visit to Mr. Monroe, on Wednesday, last week. A great public dinner was given to them and the late president, by the people of Leesburg-the particulars of which shall be noticed hereafter. On Saturday last, the general again left Washington to pay a farewell visit to Messrs. Jefferson and Madison. He is not expected to return for several days.

Gov. CLINTON arrived at New York on the evening of the 11th inst. after having received, in Ohio and Pennsylvania, every attention which a generous people could bestow, for the benefits which he has conferred on our common country, through the success of his labors in the state of New York. As in republics, the favorable opinion of the people is the richest reward that can be bestowed on the deserving, we shall take an early opportunity to give some particular account of the proceedings had at different places, in honor of this distinguished citizen.

MR. VAUGHAN, the new British minister, arrived at Annapolis, on Friday, last week, in the British frigate Phæton. Salutes were exchanged between her and Fort Severn. The minister reached Washington on Monday evening. He is spoken of as a liberal and accomplished gentleman.

On Tuesday, the case of lieut. Hunter came before the court, charged with "neglect of duty" for suffering a certain Spaniard, named Madrid, to come on board the Franklin 74, &c.

Lieutenant Hunter put in a document, in which he pleaded guilty to the fact, but not to the charge of neglect of duty." The document then went on to give some explanations of the reasons by which he had been actuated in refraining from making a report of the person alluded to. This man was a Spaniard, named Madrid, and had been introduced on board at Callao, with the knowledge and consent of Mrs. Stewart; and as he was employed in the pantry, by which captain Stewart and the officers were constantly in the habit of passing to and fro, he could not presume otherwise than that he was there with the knowledge of the captain. He was employed to clean knives for the cabin, and to assist the steward in other matters. Lieut. Hunter went on to state that, from what had subsequently transpired, he had no doubt that commodore Stewart was ignorant of the fact of this man being on board.

A deposition made by Mrs. Stewart, in the pro sence of a magistrate of the state of Massachusetts, was then put in by the judge advocate, and read. The purport of this deposition was to show that this Spaniard had been received on board the Franklin in the harbor of Callao, under the sanction of Mrs. Stewart. He had been introduced to her protection by some friends at Callao; and she had suffered him to be brought on board, and continued there, without the knowledge or consent of capt. Stewart, because she considered him to be an officer of the patriotic army, and that he would certainly be sentenced to death, and as certainly executed, if she withheld her THOMPSON'S ISLAND is dreadfully sickly. Of about consent. She could not see a human being in this 30 marines, who were on the island five or six weeks dangerous situation without taking some measures previous to the date of our last accounts, only three to rescue him. She had, therefore, consented to his remained fit for duty-two thirds were dead, the rest being brought on board, and employed by the stewvery ill! The sailors had suffered in the like propor-ard, until the Franklin arrived at some place of setion! Lieut. com. Tupper was left at the point of curity. It appeared that the man came from another death. A vessel had been sent to fall in with com.vessel on board the Franklin, and remained there Warrington to apprize him of this state of things, be- until she arrived at Quilca, when he left her, and fore the yellow fever should have swept away the went on shore. whole of those stationed at or on the island.

NAVAL COURT MARTIAL. For the result of commodore Porter's trial, see page 390.

It is stated that the whole of the proceedings of the court of inquiry and court martial, in the case of com. Porter, will be speedily published, under the direction of the executive, for the correct information of the public. "An examination of com. Porter's exposition," &c. is also to be published by Mr. Coxe, the judge advocate.

Sailing master Mull, dismissed at the same time with midshipman Vandyke, for alleged offences on board the North Carolina, has been restored.

The trial of lieut. Whitlock came before the court on Monday last. The charge against him was for "neglect of duty," in four specifications, for sleeping on his watch, supported by the testimony of lieut. com. Oellers. Lieutenant Perry testified to the general good conduct of lieut. W.; and the inadequate accommodations for refreshment and sleep on board the small schooners, was pleaded in his behalf; and VOL. XXVIII.-25.

There being no further testimony in this case, the court was cleared to deliberate on the judgment.

[Lieut. Hunter has been found "not guilty," and the president has approved of the verdict of the court. The charge against lieut. Hunter was preferred by com. Stewart.]

As several members of the late court martial will be required as witnesses, it has been re-organized, and now consists of com. Barron, president, and captains Crane, Spence, Cassin, Henley, Elliott, Renshaw, Brown, Thompson, Wadsworth, Rodgers, and Read, members*-Mr. Coxe, judge advocate.

Com. Stewart's case has been taken up. It relates to certain transactions, supposed to have taken place while he was in command of the Franklin 74, for which lieut. Weaver was dismissed the service.

Several officers, from the French squadron at Norfolk, have visited the court martial, and were introduced to the members.

Capts. Tingey, Biddle, Ridgely and Downes omitted-and capts. Crane, Cassin and Read added.

GEORGIA. A large part of the present sheet is given up to the correspondence of gov. Troup with gen. Gaines, &c. The papers will speak for themselves, and we recommend them to the attentive perusal of our readers. It is worth remark, however, that the governor, using the expression of "your gorernment" to gen. Gaines, leaves some sort of doubt as to the government under which he himself lives!

Col. Crowell, the Indian agent, was restored to his ofice by major Andrews, before he left Milledgeville -the charges against him not appearing sustained.

THE FRENCH FLEET, lately at Port au Prince and Havana, is now at Norfolk. It consists of the Eylau,

IRISH EMIGRANTS, soon after their arrival in the United States, and being in "a land of liberty," fight over the "battle of the Boyne," sometimes with the loss of life to one or more of them, and the great annoyance of the public peace. Such affairs especially take place in New York and Philadelphia, and the poor misguided people are very much surprised, when arrested and punished for their seemingly having thought that there was no law in America. But we care nothing about "the glorious memory" of the cold-hearted and bloody Dutchman, whom the “rebel” English imported for a king.

EQUAL JUSTICE. We have a thousand times felt of 90 guns, admiral Jurien, the Jean Bart, admiral vexed with the mawkish sensibility of many of the Crivel, of 74, the Venus and Clorinde of 60, the The-American people, because of the execution of maj. rais, Magicienne, Nymph and Medee of 41, the cor-.Indre, for being engaged in one of the meanest acts vette Salamandre, and brigs Curieux and Antelope in all 11 sail: the largest fleet of vessels of war that has been within our waters for 30 years, except that under Admiral Cochrane in the late war. They will remain some time in the Chesapeake to avoid a pass-Scottish coast, for the purpose of capturing the earl ing of the hurricane months in the West Indies. They saluted and were saluted from fortress Monroe. Many of the citizens of Norfolk have visited them, and been treated with the politeness that distinguishes the French nation.

that an officer can be guilty of-that of traitor-making; and at the patience with which we have listened to the abuse heaped upon com. Paul Jones, as a "pirate," because certain of his men, who landed on the of Selkirk, carried off some of that person's plate. It is thus because British writers have extolled the merits of the first, and denounced the last-keeping out of view the dirty and dishonorable, as well as unlawful, business in which the one was engaged, and the fact that Jones restored, to its original owner, the

that the ladies at Selkirk's house were treated, even by the "pirates," with all possible attention and respect.

THE MAILS. Two robbers of the mail, one in Vir-plate which his people had carried away-as well as ginia and one in North Carolina, have been lately detected. The first was employed in a post office, and the last in carrying the mail. They robbed pretty extensively and the last appears to have added to that occupation a trade in counterfeit notes. They are both committed for trial.

A mail is established between St. Augustine and Pensacola; and we may soon expect to have one from Missouri to Mexico!

A NUN.

The amiable and interesting daughter of capt. Jones, of the U. S. navy, took the veil at the Visitation, in Georgetown, Col. on the 15th inst, bidding "adieu to all the substantial pleasures of life for the cross and the cloister."

another in the performance of an act which he himself would have condemned as of the most rascally description-that of perjury and treason; to which he made himself a party, by the agency that he had in it-else the old saying, that "the receiver is as bad as the thief," is not true.

But, if we regard Andre as in the more honorable character of only a spy, instead of an agent to produce or sanction perjury, shall the American people be "dissolved with tears," for his fate, and forget a better, more amiable and more gallant man of their own army. who was hung as a spy by the British, being cruelly denied the use of a bible or the means of writing a farewell to his friends? I mean capt. Hale. And yet Andre had every tenderness shewn to him that the nature of his case would admit of. Hale was really a spy-he told no falsehoods about it; his object was to gather information of great importance to his country: but Andre, in addition to his characTHE DUKE OF SAXE WEIMAR, lately arrived at Bos-ter of a spy, superadded that of a person assisting fon, has started on his travels through the United States. We wish him a pleasant and profitable journey, if he is as much of a gentleman as he is of a duke terms which are by no means synonymous; but he is well spoken of as being a "very clever sort of a man." There is, however, a great deal too much puffing about him, and, in te city of Boston, his move- And as to Paul Jones, and his piracy. His people ments were reported with the greatest accuracy, abused no one of Selkirk's household-they neither and he was be-grace-ed with as much zeal as though broke the windows or set fire to the buildings-they one of the soldiers of the "reigning duke," his father, did not even rob the hen-roosts or shoot the hogs out were present to enforce respect by the application of of sport, and to shew what good marksmen they were! a rattan. He is nothing to us, because that he was born they simply carried off the plate, not molesting any o duke, any more than if he had been born a cobbler! one further than in that solitary act: but Jones reAs he behaves, let him be treated--but let us not give stored the plate, every piece of it, at his own cost, him cause to laugh at us, because of our secret re- to lord Selkirk, and its receipt was properly acknowspect to titles, which we pretend to despise. It would ledged. Now, it is just as notorious, that many indibe almost an offence, except in some old "revolu-viduals whose houses were located on the shores of tioner," who could not forget his former habits, to the Chesapeake during the late war, were robbed of cali Lafayette marquis, even though he had that title their spoons by persons under the command of adwhen he so efficiently served our country-but he is miral Cockburn, and some of them when he himself not beloved by us for his title; so let "his royal was on shore and had his men under his own immehighness" and "his grace" pass quietly along-re-diate orders-that they abused the females, robbed spected if he deserves it, reproved and rejected, if he merits them.

The father of this gentleman has dominion over a territory 21 miles long and 20 broad, containing about 112,000 inhabitants. His brother, the beir of the dukedom, is married to a sister of "the deliverer," Alexander; and he himself is an officer in the army of the king of the Netherlands-and he is said to be brave and intelligent.

the hen-roosts, shot the pigs, broke the windows, tables, &c. and often concluded the business by setting fire to the houses and barns-and yet whoever heard that admiral Cockburn has returned any of the spoons which his OFFICERS and men carried away? There is reason to believe that the admiral himself was present, on more than one occasion, to witness the courage with which his people attacked and stormed corner cup-boards of the steadiness with which they broke

the "tea-things," and of the dexterity with which they [ slipped silver spoons into their pockets-though opposed by the tears and entreaties of the poor old women, who rashly ventured their persons in defence of their property.

If the fate of Andre is to he regretted by the American people, what should they do about Hale? If Jones was a "pirate"--what dictionary can furnish us with a proper name to give Cockburn? Let justice

be done.

From the 10th day of April to the 1st day of August, this year, two thousand six hundred and eighty-seven boats departed from this city. During the whole of the last year, up to the 7th day of December, twentys seven hundred boats departed from this city.

TOBACCO. Speaking of the production of tobacco, and with reference to the apprehensions once entertained that the cultivation of it in Virginia would be much interfered with by the product of the western THE DROUGHT. Last week it was apprehended that states, which, according to an article in the RichJones' Falls would not continue to supply water mond Enquirer, have not been realized and need not enough for the use of the city of Baltimore-though be feared-the editor gives one of his accustomed the dam is so tight that the bed of the stream below it hits at "those who would convert us into a nation of was nearly bare. And the river Schuylkill was so spinners and wearers." Surely, free spinners and wealow, that the whole stream was not more than suffici- vers are quite as useful and respectable as slaves ement to drive six wheels at Fair Mount water works, ployed in the cultivation of tobacco! A cultura the running of two of which is required for the pre-which, as Mr. Jefferson says, "is productive of infisent supply of Philadelphia-and yet but a small part nite wretchedness. Those employed in it are in a of the "Liberties," which contain the greater part of continual state of exertion beyond the power of nature to the population, is furnished from the reservoir. It is well observed, that these facts may furnish a gauge, as to all matters connected with the sale or use of surplus water for manufactories, &c.

support. Little food of any kind is raised by them; so that the men and animals on their farms are badly fed, and the earth is rapidly impoverished. The cultivation of wheat is the reverse in every cir cumstance." Notes on Virginia, query XX.

INDIANA. It may be mentioned, I believe, as a thing| But the fact is, that the cultivation of tobacco has, without precedent among us, that Mr. James B. Ray, comparatively, declined in Maryland and Virginia, of this state, has publicly offered himself as a candi- and at a very great rate, indeed, when the producdate for the gubernatorial chair, and, in a public ad- tion is considered with respect to the increased dress, solicited the suffrages of the people-a pro-means and labor that might be applied to it, and as ceeding which, we think, cannot be approved of, whatever may be the merits of the individual in other respects. He is, at present, the acting governor, having been president of the senate.

they would be, if there was a profitable demand for the article, notwithstanding the truth of what Mr. Jefferson says of the "wretchedness" that attends the making of it. In 1758, when the population of Maryland and Virginia did not exceed 200,000 or 220,000 BOSTON. The Savings Bank-This institution has souls, there was exported from these colonies 70,000 been in operation eight and a half years. The gross hhds. In 1791 and 1792, when their population was aggregates of deposites amount to $1,325,657-and about 1,050,000, there were exported from the Unitof payments of principal and interest to $741,718. ed States, (and nearly every hogshead from these The balance remains to the credit of 5,000 different states), no less than 213,700 hhds. and the average of persons of these not more than 247 exceed an indi- 10 years, from 1791 to 1800, inclusive, was about vidual amount of 500 dollars. The money is care-77,900 hhds.-but, in the last two years, we exported fully handled and invested, and a dividend of profits is made semi-annually. Duties payable at the custom-house-abstracted from a statement published in the "Patriot:" Duties paid or secured in 1820,

1821,

1822,

1823,

1824,

six months of 1825,

$3,389,250

4,166,867
4,514,517
3,847,640
4,193,112
2,180,233

only 176,892 hhds. and the average of the 10 last years was no more than 77,700 hhds. including the products of Kentucky, Tennessee and some small quantities raised in North Carolina, &c. &c. and the population of Maryland and Virginia was 1,500,000. The home consumption may have increased some-but the amount of it is not very large; it seems, however, that the foreign demand cannot be increased, or else that it is supplied on better terms from other countries. The exact accounts kept of the product of Maryland tobacco, nearly all of which is exported, proves this-for an increased product, beyond the general average amount of 25,000 hhds. is almost always attended with a reduction of price: 30,000 will sell for less than 25,000, the last being about the amount of a fair supply, and we all know that a small superabundance acts on the value of the whole quantity of every article. The cultivation of this sort of tobacco is rapidly extending in Ohio-it seems proTHE HUDSON. The people of Albany, Troy, &c.bable that it will supply from one to two thousand are seriously engaged in devising means for removing the obstructions of the navigation of the Hudson, at the Overslaugh, a short distance below, Albany. The increase of business renders this an object of great importance, indeed; and it is to be hoped that some plan will be adopted by which the work may be permanently accomplished.

"MANYUNK" We see this name, for the first time, in a Philadelphia paper of the 12th inst. It is that of a town containing 2,000 inhabitants, and in which more than fifty houses are now building, within ten miles of Philadelphia, at which there was only a toll house five years ago. This village is located on the banks of the Schuylkill.

The importance of the navigation of this river may be partially estimated by the following

The Albany Daily Advertiser, in speaking of the prosperity of that city, estimates the average daily arrivals and departures of strangers in their ten steam boats and some fifty stages, besides canal boats, &c. &c. at from 5 to 700. It also gives the following news from the canal:

hogsheads for export in the present year—perhaps a great deal more; and a good deal of it is made in Pennsylvania, Virginia, &c.

If we take the whole product for export, furnished by Kentucky, Tennessee, &c. at 25,000 hhds. which, by a reference to Wilie's New Orleans prices current, may be assumed as the quantity annually brought down the Mississippi, it will appear that the amount made in Maryland and Virginia may be equal to one third less than it was in 1758. These are curious facts on which every one will make his own comments.

VESSELS OF WAR. A Mr. Burnett, who writes in the "Cape Fear Recorder," and says that he serve i five years on board of two first and second rate Bri