Done at the city of Bogota, this tenth day of De-president of the United States, upon this subject, becember, in the year of our Lord one thou- fore a general council of said Creek nation, to the sand eight hundred and twenty-four, of the end that their removal might be effected upon terms independence of the United States of Ame- advantageous to both parties: rica the forty-ninth, and of the independence of the republic of Colombia the fourteenth. RICHARD CLOUGH ANDERSON, jr. PEDRO GUAL.

The message, convention, and accompanying documents were read.

On motion,

Ordered, That they be referred to the committee on foreign relations, to consider and report thereon, and that the convention be printed, in confidence, for the use of the members.

And, whereas, the chiefs of the Creek Towns have assented to the reasonableness of said proposition, and expressed a willingness to emigrate beyond the Mississippi, those of Tokaubatchee excepted:

These presents, therefore, witness, that the contracting parties have this day entered into the following convention:

Art. 1. The Creek nation cede to the United States all the lands lying within the boundaries of the state of Georgia, as defined by the compact herein before cited, now occupied by said nation, or to which Saturday, Feb. 26. Mr. Barbour, from the commit- said nation have title or claim; and also, all other tee on foreign relations, to whom was referred, on the lands which they now occupy, or to which they have 22d instant, the convention with the republic of Co-title or claim, lying north and west of a line to be run lombia, of the 10th of December, 1824, reported the from the first principal falls upon the Chatahoochie same without amendment. river, above Cowetau town, to Ocfuskee Old Town,

Tuesday, March 8. The convention with the repub-upon the Tallapoosa, thence to the Falls of the Goolic of Colombia was read. saw river, at or near a place called the Hickory Ground.

On motion by Mr. Benton,

Ordered, That the convention, together with the Art. 2. It is further agreed between the contractmessage and documents accompanying the same, being parties, that the United States will give, in exprinted, in confidence, for the use of the members. change for the lands hereby acquired, the like quanWednesday, March 9. The senate being in commit-tity, acre for acre, westward of the Mississippi, on the tee of the wholeArkansas river, commencing at the mouth of the Cana

On the question, will the senate advise and consent dian Fork thereof, and running westward between said to the ratification of the 1st article, it was determin-rivers Arkansas and Canadian Fork, for quantity. ed in the negative, yeas 12, nays 28.

The convention having been reported to the senate, as amended

On the question, as before stated in committee of the whole, it was determined in the negative, ayes 12, Days 28-[the vote being the same.]

So the 1st article of the convention was rejected. On the question to agree to the resolution to ratify the convention, with the exception of the 1st article, it was determined in the negative, nays 40, (yeas, none).

So the convention was rejected.

Important Indian Treaty.

JOHN QUINCY ADAMS,

PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:

To all and singular to whom these presents shall come, greeting:

But, whereas said Creek nation have considerable improvements within the limits of the territory hereby. ceded, and will moreover have to incur expenses in their removal, it is further stipulated, that, for the purpose of rendering a fair equivalent for the losses and inconveniences which said nation will sustain by removal, and to enable them to obtain supplies in their new settlement, the United States agree to pay to the nation emigrating from the lands herein ceded, the sum of four hundred thousand dollars, of which amount there shall be paid to said party of the second part, as soon as practicable, after the ratification of this treaty, the sum of two hundred thousand dollars. And as soon as the said party of the second part shall notify the government of the United States of their readiness to commence their removal, there shall be paid the further sum of one hundred thousand dollars. And the first year after said emigrating party shall have settled in their new country, they shall receive, of the amount first above named, the further sum of twenty five thousand dollars. And the second year the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars. And annually thereafter, the sum of five thousand dollars, until the whole is paid.

Whereas, a treaty between the United States of America and the Creek nation of Indians, was made and concluded on the twelfth day of February, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty-five, at the Indian Springs, by the commissioners, on the part of the United States, and the Art. 3. And, whereas, the Creek nation are now chiefs of said nation, on the part and in behalf of said entitled to annuities of thirty thousand dollars each, nation, which treaty is in the words following, to wit: in consideration of cessions of territory heretofore Articles of a convention, entered into and conclud-made, it is further stipulated that said last mentioned ed at the Indian Springs, between DUNCAN G. CAMP-annuities are to be hereafter divided in a just proporBELL and JAMES MERIWETHER, Commissioners on the tion between the party emigrating and those that may part of the United States of America, duly authoriz- remain. ed, and the chiefs of the Creek nation, in council assembled.

Art. 4. It is further stipulated that a deputation from the said parties of the second part, may be sent Whereas, the said commissioners, on the part of out to explore the territory herein offered them in the United States, have represented to the said Creek exchange; and if the same be not acceptable to them, nation, that it is the policy and earnest wish of the then they may select any other territory, west of the general government, that the several Indian tribes, Mississippi, on Red, Canadian, Arkansas, or Missouri within the limits of any of the states of the union, rivers-the territory occupied by the Cherokees and should remove to territory to be designated on the Choctaws excepted; and if the territory so to be sewest side of the Mississippi river, as well for the bet-lected shall be in the occupancy of other Indian tribes, ter protection and security of said tribes, and their then the United States will extinguish the title of such improvement in civilization, as for the purpose of occupants for the benefit of said emigrants. enabling the United States, in this instance, to comply Art. 5. It is further stipulated, at the particular with the compact entered into with the state of Geor-request of the said parties of the second part, that the gia, on the twenty-fourth day of April, in the year payment and disbursement of the first sum herein one thousand eight hundred and two: And the said provided for, shall be made by the present commiscommissioners having laid the late message of the ioners negotiating this treaty,

Art. 6. It is further stipulated, that the payments | time and in the manner as stipulated, for the first inappointed to be made, the first and second years, after settlement in the west, shall be either in money, merchandise or provisions, at the option of the emigrating party.

Art. 7. The United States agree to provide and support a blacksmith and wheelwright for the said party of the second part, and give them instruction in agriculture, as long, and in such manner, as the president may think proper.

Art. 8. Whereas the said emigrating party cannot prepare for immediate removal, the United States stipulate, for their protection against the encroachments, hostilities and impositions of the whites, and of all others; but the period of removal shall not extend beyond the first day of September, in the year eighteen hundred and twenty-six.

Art. 9. This treaty shall be obligatory on the contracting parties, so soon as the same shall be ratified by the president of the United States, by and with the consent of the senate thereof.

Mr. Barringer's gold appears to be combined with an ore that seems to be less pure, while the specimens heretofore found contain nothing but the pure metal, or at most, but little dross. When melted, its color is somewhat different from the metal found at Mr. Parker's, resembling more the yellow of brass.

PRINTED BY WILLIAM OGDEN NILES, AT THE FRANKLIN PRESS, WATER-STREET, EAST OF SOUT-STREET.

THIRD SERIES.

No. 5-VOL. IV.]

BALTIMORE, APRIL 2, 1825.

[VOL. XXVIII. WHOLE NO. 707

THE PAST-THE PRESENT-FOR THE FUTURE.

EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY H. NILES, AT $5 PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.

"There is a tide in the affairs of men,

Mr. CLAY has published an address to his late this republic, is not so great as may be generally constituents, vindicatory of his conduct in the late pre-imagined. sidential election, &c.; but not implicating others, as was anticipated. It is inserted in the following pages, and, notwithstanding its great length, will be read by every body. It has excluded several artieles which we had laid off for the present sheet. The stock of materials on hand, to make up the REGISTER, is not only very extensive but uncommonly valuable, just now.

MR. CALHOUN, Vice president of the United States, left the seat of government on Thursday last, for Pendleton, S. C. where he intends to spend the summer. GEN. LAFAYETTE arrived at Savannah on the 19th ult. and was received by a great concourse of joyous people. We are careful to preserve the papers, that, as soon as allowed, we may give a regular account of the attentions paid to the illustrious guest of the nation by our warm-hearted brethren of the south.

"GENERAL JACKSON'S PRIVATE OPINIONS. "" A long article under this head, said to have been copied from the "Nashville Whig," has had an extraordinary run through the newspapers. It professed to be written by a late officer of the southern army, who, for fifteen years, had been on terms of intimacy, and in the "closest friendship," with the general; which "friendship" is shewn by retailing to the world a private.conversation, that, if it ever occurred, ought to blast the reputation of any man. It states that he, (the general), at first, believed the people would almost unanimously ridicule his pretensions to the presidency-that no serious efforts would be made to put the reins in the hands of a military man-and that, therefore, he was indignant at the efforts of some partizan newspapers on his behalf: but that he changed his opinions, and directed his adherents in the legislature of Tennessee to pass the resolutions [anti-caucus] that they did, though well aware that his defective education would, in some degree, render him "obnoxious to those poignant shafts of satire and derision which the event, thus far, realized."

The following are the concluding and the most pointed paragraphs of this article:

"Which, taken at the flood, leade on to fortune." The emphasis with which the general pronounced this Shakesperian quotation, and that peculiar flash of his eye, so usual with him when excited, convinced me that he had no very remote reference to his own prospects. He asked me if I did not believe that a majority of the citizens of the United States were, at all times, ripe for revolution? And, on my answering in the negative, he rose on his feet and gesticulated. with great earnestness-"The mass of the people, said he, are ripe, always ripe, for novelty and innovation-but they do not know it. They may have pure hearts, and real patriotism. But a mere name, a hero, can "wind himself among the multitude," captivate the imagination, and lay the judgment asleep. A popular hobby will carry him to the highest destiny known to the constitution, and as much higher as his ambition may prompt him to go. I have little faith, (continued he), in the stability of republics. They fall an easy prey to the passions of ambitious rivals for power. I was once tempted, by the insolence of governor Rabun, of Georgia, to march a hostile army into that state. Had I done so, it would have been in pursuit of personal revenge; I should have had no other motive. But, if the work of revenge had been begun, other enemies and other motives would have arisen out of the contest. Heaven! only, could predict the catastrophe!"

This thing has not been before noticed in the REGISTER, because of the proof which it bore on the face of it that it was a miserable manufacture, and should not now have been referred to but for the reason that several friends have invited attention to it. Enough has been said to shew what is my opinion of it; but, being on the subject of "private opinions," I shall give the substance of some which the general expressed to me on the morning of the 9th February, the day on which the president was chosen, that were alike honorable to himself as they may be useful to others. Though I had frequently seen and conversed with him during the last and then present session of congress, and always with much freedom on his part and real respect on mine, and, notwithstanding we had spent many hours together, he never before had referred to the presidential question. He seemed resolved to avoid it, and it was not proper in me to press it upon him: but now he spoke of the elections made by the people and of that about to be made by the house of representatives, with a great deal of frankness and feeling. With the former he expressed himself gratified-the poll that had been made for him was honorable, and he was thankful for the confidence which the people had reposed-he could never forget it: but there was no assumption of merit in himself that he deserved it-it was the people's own "Would to God!" said the general, "it were other- business, and they had done as they pleased. He then wise. He whose breast glows with a pure amor pa- expressed himself after the following manner: tria, and, in all his political relations, acts according- had no doubt but that a large portion of the citizens ly, will seldom be exalted by his fellow citizens. In would be satisfied with the choice about to be made, the first place, it requires no small share of address and he seemed to think it most probable that it would and perseverance to make one's self a prominent ob- devolve on Mr. Adams. He further observed that ject in the public eye. This once effected, he may many, in his opinion, were unpleasantly situated, ride in the whirlwind and direct the storm." But seeing that they were compelled to act either against unobtrusive merit is always too meritorious to be sought Mr. Adams or himself-but that this was a matter of by the vulgar, or to go, itself, begging for public ho- small importance compared with an adherence to the nors. Whilst this state of things exists, you may be provisions of the constitution, and the prompt and assured, that the space between order and anarchy, in harmonious election of a president, which now be

"I, [that is, the writer], merely hinted my sentiments of his abilities in general terms, and remarked, without having a particular allusion to his case-that a man's elevation to any office, which is filled by a general suffrage of the people, could not, in the nature of things, depend so much upon his peculiar fitness for that office, as upon the management of partizans among the canaille, and the possession of some shining excellence, calculated to captivate the passions of the lower order of politicians, which constitutes the elective strength, not only of legislative bodies, but of the whole nation.

VOL. XXVI

-5.

He

story. This officer of the southern army may be ascertained when I reach Nashville; and, when he is, it is quite probable, he will be found to be some tool who has sold his signature.

longed to the representatives of the states. It was "H." and which is now travelling about, a Sinbadwell, he said, that persons should differ in opinion, that truth might be the more certainly ascertained-but, he added, with that earnestness and force which is peculiar to him, we should always recollect that, in maintaining our own opinions, we naturally grant the right to I am very certain that, at Washington, Pa. in Noothers of supporting theirs, or lose every pretension to re-vember last, I saw no individual, a former officer publicanism: and he further remarked, it was a matter with me; and I am also equally certain, that I have of small moment to the people who was their presi- never, in my life, uttered any such sentiments as are dent, provided he administered the government right- ascribed to me in that letter. They are a fabrication fully. from beginning to end. Neither general Call, nor Mr. Donnelson, who were with me, recollects any such individual. They well remember that I arrived at Washington, Pa. in the evening, much indisposed, and departed early the next morning.

Opinions like these were familiar to gen. Jackson. No doubt, circumstanced as he was, he desired to be elected-and who should not? but it would not be an easy thing to make one believe that either he or Mr. Adams could have descended to any act of meanness, Washington, [Penn.] seems to be a fatal place: it or dirty intrigue, to have obtained that most honor-will be recollected by you that sundry reports grew able station. His whole conduct, after the election, out of my meeting there, last year, gov. Edwards; was stamped with a magnanimity as distinguished while, as I came back, Mr. "H." was there. You as the moderation of his successful competitor bas may be assured, however, that the inhabitants of that been remarkable: and those who ought to be the place have nothing to do with these tales; they chebest acquainted with the facts, certainly believe that rish no hypocrites; nor do they countenance those there is a great deal of good feeling existing between miserable attempts against my character. The citithe parties just named. They were competitors, ri-zens there have treated me with the utmost attention vals, if you please, but not enemies. and kind feeling. Your friend,

The time has nearly arrived when a dispassionate history of the late election may be written, with a hope that the various circumstances that attended it, from first to last, will be dispassionately considered; and, believing that I have some knowledge of the principles which influenced many things that happened, as well as of the events that occurred, it is my design to review the whole business at large-with an assurance that I shall be able to convince, at least myself, that, however individuals may have been disappointed, the people of the United States have much reason to congratulate themselves on the peaceful efficiency of their constitution. And it is high time that vituperation should stop. The election is overthe principles on which it was sustained and decid ed, are legitimate subjects for discussion-but the calling of hard names can only produce injury at home, and lessen our respectability abroad.

Let us not wantonly depreciate the character of our great men. Their reputation is national property. Kings can make nobles as fast as they please-a dozen at a batch; but such men as Messrs. Adams, Jackson, Clay, Crawford and Calhoun, cum multus aliis, are not to be made by kings! We may approve or disapprove of either of them for the presidency, or any other particular office; but they are an honor to our country, and every good man is bound to defend them so far as he can, consistently with the superior duty which he owes to the republic. Let all such be closely watched-let their conduct be carefully examined; but let us not abuse them on slight grounds, or condemn them without decided evidence of wilful wrong. Their well-earned popularity should not be breathed away by the whispers of too ardent partizans; and it ought always to be present in our minds, that "truth is a victor without violence." If the government is well administered, according to the terms of the constitution, it is no matter whether A. B. or C. is at the head of it; and the people, in general, can feel very little interest if D. E. or F. have been disappointed or not, as to the offices which they expected to obtain, through the success of their particular favorite.

Since the preceding was in type, we have met with the following-and should, thereupon, have left out the whole article, but for the reason that some may, hereafter, be curious to know what was said, as coming from "Mr. H."

Extract of a letter from general Andrew Jackson to maj. John H. Eaton, dated

ANDREW JACKSON. OUR RIVERS. The legislatures of New York and Pennsylvania, alive to the subject of internal improvement generally, are acting to improve the navigation of their rivers. The majestic Hudson carries the tide 170 miles above New York-more than twice the length of any European river, though it runs through a mountainous district. For 142 miles out of the 170, and to the city of Hudson, it is navigable by the larg est ships-but, at the "Overslaughs," about ten miles below Troy, (at which the sloop navigation ends), by deposites of sand, in consequence of the meeting of the current and the tide, as at a contending point, it frequently happens that the large steam boats and sloops are detained. A canal is thought of to relieve the navigation of this difficulty; but, at present, 9,000 dollars a year, for three years, have been appropriated to ascertain what can be done by excavations.

The legislature of Pennsylvania has appropriated thirty thousand dollars for improving the navigation of the Susquehannah river, from York Haven to Northumberland. The steam boat, which is building at Baltimore, to ply upon this noble stream, between the points just named, is nearly finished.

It is believed that the Delaware may be made navigable for small vessels or steam boats to Milford, in Pike county, which is only a few miles distant from the line between Pennsylvania and New York, in which last named state, the Delaware, as well as the Susquehannah, rises. The adjacent country is rich in timber and minerals; and the legislature seems resolved that a market shall be opened for them.

THE CREEKS. It appears that the excitement among the Creeks, on account of the late treaty, are, by no means, so great as rumor has represented it to be: and the prospect is that they will settle down quietly.

SPECIE. A large quantity of specie lately arrived at Alvarado, from England, on account of the loan made to Mexico-and now we see that a British frigate has arrived at Havana, with 700,000 dollars, from Tampico. The bankers sent it out, and the merchants are fetching it back.

THE NORTH CAROLINA 74. The officers attached to this noble vessel, (which has just sailed for the Mediterranean), are, 1 eommodore, 2 captains, 10 Wheeling, Va. March 23, 1825. lieutenants, 1 surgeon, 4 acting surgeons' mates, 1 DEAR SIR: Ihave this moment received your letter purser, I chaplain, 17 midshipmen and 1 acting do.; of the 17th inst. enclosing a conversation with Mr.i master, boatswain, gunner, carpenter and sail

maker; 1 commodore's secretary, and 2 captain's | a man's arm, with which he beats the poor slave for clerks, and 1 schoolmaster; 1 captain and 2 lieuts. his amusement. I assure you I have seen, I may say, of marines-and 3 supernumerary lieuts. Rodgers a thousand instances of this kind of a morning. is the commodore, and Patterson and Morgan the There is hardly a slave here that has not his head captains. It is expected that she will not return un-covered with scars, and bound up with a handkertil after a three years cruise.

"MOTHER BRITAIN." We insert an account of a feast at New York, in honor of the late conclusive victory in Peru, and give the speech of the British consul prefatory to the toast which he offered on that occasion, being one of the invited guests. The tone of it is very different from that which, but a short time ago, was too common to Englishmen, when speaking of us and our country; and even yet we have much to condemn in the conduct of some of them, who cannot suppose, or, at least, will not admit, that there is any good thing belonging to us or the land that we live in. But we believe that the British people, in general, have lost their relish for the miserable stuff with which pretended tourists through the United States supplied them-notwithstanding the "Quarterly Review" and "Courier," and other publications, which exhibit a brutal devotion to kings and priests, still persevere in abusing us. However, we can laugh at such things now. They are like the stale and oft-repeated jests of "the clown" to a rope-dancer, and worth no more. All Europe knows what we are, and appreciates what we shall be;—and it is envy, mixed with fear, that yet gives some small currency to the lies which vagrant Englishmen have manufactured about us. These folks are becoming unfashionable even at home, and the time is not far distant, perhaps, when the veriest "John Bull" that lives, will begin to believe that the people of the United States really walk on two feet, and eat and drink and sleep, and dwell in houses, pretty much like himself!

A work has lately appeared called "John Bull in America, or the new Munchausen." The well known Mr. Paulding is supposed to be the author; and his object is to shew the stupidity and falsehood of the British tourists, some of whose publications are but one remove behind the laughable absurdities which he has prepared as flowing from one of them. We add a few extracts from this work for the amusement of our readers, and to shew that the children of the "daughter" are able to meet those of the "mother" in quizzing, as well as on the mountain wave or in the field.

chief, and almost every step you take, you perceive the stains of blood upon the pavement, which, I am assured, by governor Hancock himself, is that of the negroes. I have seen a lady of the first distinction here, walking the Mall, as it is called, with a stout black fellow behind her, and occasionally amusing. herself with turning round and scratching his face till it is covered with blood; the Mall is a place of about an acre, covered with dust, with a few rotten elms, and a puddle in the centre. Even the little children here are initiated into human blood almost as soon as they are able to walk; and the common amusement of young persons, is to stick pins in the black attendants, while every body has a little negro, of about his own age, to torture for his pastime.

The blacks here, as I was assured by his excellency the governor, whose name is Hancock, have but one meal a-day, which is principally potatoes, and fare little better than the miserable Irish or English pesantry at home. The governor told me a story of a man who tied his black servant naked to a stake, in one of the neighboring cane-brakes, near the city, which abound with a race of moschetoes that bite through a boot. Here he was left one night, in the month of December, which is a spring month in this climate, and the next morning was found stone dead, without a drop of blood in his body. I asked if this brutal tyrant was not brought to justice? The governor shrugged up his shoulders, and replied that he was now a member of congress!

To an Englishman, who is only accustomed to see white men in a state of slavery and want; it is shocking to see black ones in a similar situation. My heart bled with sympathy for the wrongs of this injured race, and I could not sufficiently admire the philanthropy of the members of the holy alliance, who have lately displayed such a laudable compassion for the blacks.

Next to the continual recurrence of these disgusting exhibitions of cruelty, the most common objects seen in the streets of Boston, are drunken men, women and children. I was assured by the mayor, Mr. Phillips, one of the most charitable and philanthropic men in the state of Maine, that, on an average, every third person was drunk every day, by nine o'clock, in the morning. The women, however, don't get fuddled, he tells me, till after they have cleared the breakfast table, and put the rooms to rights, when they set to and make merry with the young children, not one in a hundred of whom ever see the inside of a school or a church. The consequences of this mode of life are, that the whole of the people exhibit a ruddy complexion, and what appears, at first sight, to be a strong muscular figure; but, on a close examination, the roses will be found to be nothing more than what is called grog-blossoms, and the muscular appearance only bloated intemperance.

Extracts from "John Bull in America." On the seventeenth day, from losing sight of Old England, we made land at Cape Hatteras, which forms the eastern point of Boston bay, which we entered just before sun-set; and being favored with a fine fair wind from the north, came up to the wharf in about two hours from entering the capes. Coming up, we saw the famous sea-serpent, but he was nothing to those I had frequently seen in the Serpentine, so called from its abounding in these articles. Being very anxious to go on shore, I desired one of the sailors to call a hack, which very soon arriving, I ordered the fellow to drive me to the best hotel in the place; accordingly he put me down at the Mansion House hotel, kept by William Renshaw, a place of Religion is, if possible, in a worse state than literagreat reputation throughout the United States. The ture, manners or morals. There is not a single fellow charged me a quarter of a dollar, which is church in Boston, nor any religious exercises on twice as much as I should have paid in London! Sunday, except in a few school rooms. I am assured Being determined not to be imposed upon, I appealed it is the custom, all over New England, as well as in to the landlord, who assured me it was all right-so I the states of Newburyport and Pasquotank, to spend paid him, after giving himself and his horses a hearty the Sabbath like every other day in the week, exmalediction. cept that they put on clean clothes, a thing never thought of, even among the most fashionable ladies, except on that occasion.

The first thing that struck me, was the vast disproportion of negroes in the streets and every where else. I may affirm, with perfect veracity, that nearly Boston is a terrible place for fevers and agues. one-half the inhabitants of Boston are black. Each Every one of the inhabitants, except the slaves, is of these poor creatures has a white man always stand-afflicted with them in the spring and autumn, as sure ing over him, with a large club, about the thickness of as the leaves appear in the former and fall in the lat