ter. The consequence is, that they look like so many ghosts without fesh or blood; and, if you go into the shops, you may hear the money jingling in the pockets of the shop-keepers, by the mere force of habit, even if the poor man should happen, at that moment, to be free from the ague, or "shake," as they call it. Besides this, they have earthquakes and inundations, three times a week, if not more. After the earthquake, generally comes an inundation, which destroys all the crops for hundred of miles round, and covers the country so, that the tops of the trees and chimneys just appear above the water. This is succeeded by a fog so thick, that persons are lost in the streets of Boston, and wander about several days, without being able to find any of the houses. This is the origin of the phrase, "I guess," so universal in New England; for these fogs are so common, that one-half of the time, people are obliged to "guess" at what they are about. Hence, too, the half pint of whiskey, which every man takes in the morning, the first thing he does after getting up, is called an antifogmatic.

"Whatever parliament may do, they cannot stop the course of knowledge and improvement! The American government has possessed itself, through its minister, of the improved mode of constructing and making rail-roads, and there can be no doubt of their immediate adoption throughout that country."

CORPORATIONS. The editor of the Globe and Emerald, published at New York, well observes-"Every time we are informed of the granting of a charter, we fancy we hear one cannon shot, at least, rattling through the foundation of our political edifice."

A majority of the New York assembly seem to have had a similar notion-for the general bank bill has been rejected, 68 to 43.

HAYTI. Many letters, from the free blacks who left the United States to take up their residence in Hayti, have been published. They all agree on these points-that the promises made to them have been performed, that those who are sober and industrious have good prospects of living well and of acquiring property, and that such as are intemperate and lazy A GREAT ROAD, from the Hudson river to Lake Erie, will be no better off in Hayti than in the United is projected in New York. The distance 300 miles States. It appears that they have perfect liberty to -the supposed cost $500,000. The means of the return, on refunding the money which their emigrastate are ample; and, no doubt, the work will be ac- tion cost the government. The emigrants collected complished. A joint committee of the senate and at Samana amount to 350, and they have already orassembly have reported favorably of it, and say--ganized a Sunday school. They also raised $300 for "From a careful and deliberate review of all the facts the purpose of procuring bibles and other books for and considerations connected with this subject, the the use of their children. committee are decidedly of opinion, that the strongest motives of policy, as well as of justice, combine to recommend the proposed measure, of constructing a state road from the Hudson river to lake Erie, to the favorable consideration of the legislature; and that a discreet and equitable distribution of the public bounty to that section of country, by which its citizens may be enabled to participate in the benefits of our munificent of system of internal improvements, will have an important tendency to increase the population, and to augment the wealth and resources of the

state "

RAIL-WAYS. It is supposed that upwards of sevenly millions of dollars have already been invested in stocks for the making of rail-ways in England! The "Grand Western," "Northern" and "Junction" companies, have, together, stocks amounting to 7,500,000 pounds sterling! The consumption of iron and coal, in Consequence of these projects, may well be called pro-di-gi-ous; and the amount of money thrown into circulation by them will materially benefit the laboring poor.

MANCHESTER. There are about thirty thousand power looms in the district immediately surrounding Manchester, England, which give employment and subsistence to more than two hundred thousand persons! and these 200,000, on account of materials used, and food, &c. consumed, directly employ at least as many persons more.

NEW YORK. The commerce of this city is even yet most rapidly increasing. During the 48 hours, which ended at 12 o'clock on the 11th ult. eighty-three vessels arrived there from sea-many of them large ships; and the cargoes of the whole were valued at two millions of dollars.

KENTUCKY. The number of students in the Transylvania university is four hundred; of whom 207, are from Kentucky, 44 from Tennessee, 33 from Alabama, 22 from Ohio, 17 from Virginia, 16 from Mississippi, 14 from Louisiana, 13 from South Carolina, 10 from Missouri, and the remainder from 10 other states and countries. Of the whole number of stu

class, 41 in the senior, and 33 in the junior class. The following note is appended to the recapitulation of numbers:

An English writer, on the subject of rail-roads, caldents, 234 are in the medical class, 30 in the law culates that, to form a mile of single road, 184 tons 16 cwts. of iron will be required; in the manufacture of which, 757 tons 13 cwt. of coal will be used. He supposes that, to make all the proposed rail-roads, there will be required 8,142,316 tons coal; and to maintain them, 2,363,606 tons annually. He considers that such a demand for coal must raise its price even at the outset, and that it will increase rapidly every year, until the price of steam will cause the charge for carriage to be raised to so high a rate, as to make the existing channels of conveyance the cheapest.

"The number from abroad is 48 more than we had last year, and still greater in relation to any preceding year. The prospects of the university never were as flattering, and never were the benefits of education and of good morals as extensively diffused by it as at present."

Ono. The Ohio Sentinel states that, from a report made to congress by the U. S. bank, it appears that It is calculated that, upon rail-ways enjoying the ad-the debt due said bank, in the state of Ohio, in Devantage of considerable traffic, merchandise will be conveyed at the rate of about two pence per ton per mile, and cach passenger at a cost of little more than a half penny per mile.

cember last, amounted to $2,934,965 80. The debts owing by the citizens of Ohio to the state banks, are estimated, after deducting the amount of stock paid in, to be $1,000,000-which, added to the amount due The London Courier, in detailing the advantages to the United States bank, as above, makes the agof rail-roads, upon the locomotive steam engine princi-gregate of $3,934,965 80-and adding the one million ple, contains a remark relative to Mr. Rusu, our present minister in London, and who is soon to return as secretary of the treasury:

owing to the general government for land, makes the sum total of 4,934,465 80, due by Ohio to banks and land offices.

other troops, whose commander shall deliver them while, in Scotland, during that period, not above three to the president of the military commission, accord- or four failures of the kind occurred, and those only ing to the forms prescribed by the said decree: for in banks constituted according to the English system. the fulfilment of which, he has ordered and does or- And "the true cause of the difference is to be found der that the said military commission shall be estab-in the nature of their respective banking establishlished, by naming don Louis Michelena for president; ments; the Scotch banks being joint stock comfor members, colonels Gascue, Arango and Valder-panies, while the English banks are private conrama, and lieutenant colonels Garcia, de la Paz and cerns." Fuero; for assessor, Suares; for fiscals, captains de la Madriz, Castellanos, Rosere and lieutenant Seydel; and for secretaries, sub. lieutenants Baltanas, Angel, Betancour and Jutian Angel: and in order that the decree may take effect, that the president, members, assessor, fiscals and secretaries, shall be instructed, by means of the official document, with a certified copy of the present, and of the royal order and decree referred to.

After the regular toasts had been drunk, general Swift rose and stated, that invitations had been sent to several of the principal men of the United States, whom circumstances had prevented from attending, ANCIENT ROLL. The biblical world is at present but who, in their answers, had expressed common occupied in the investigation of a Hebrew roll of feelings in relation to the glorious event celebrated. great antiquity, found in a vessel captured by the Among other letters received, were one from geneGreeks; which roll has recently been brought to this ral Jackson and another from Mr. Calhoun, containcountry. The enormous sum of 12501. is asked for ing toasts, which those distinguished gentlemen begthis relic. Half that amount is said to have been of-ged to offer to the company, and general Swift, after fered for it by an eminent Hebrew capitalist. This reading the letters, proposed as the toast of general sacred scroll ought to be deposited amongst the He- Jackson:brew bibles in the extraordinary collection of the duke of Sussex-[London Morning Chronicle.

This toast was drunk with three cheers, as was also the following toast from Mr. Calhoun:

The natives of America, united by the sacred bond of liberty and equality-may their peace and liberty be eternal.

Letters were also read from Mr. Crawford and gov. Clinton, conveying their apologies for not being able to attend.

Mr. Buchanan, the British consul, being called on for a toast, rose and addressed the president in the following words:

By Mr. S. Price. The recognition of the independence of South America by England-The highest tribute to the best principles of her own constitution.

By Mr. C. C. Cambreleng. The common causemay the influence of public opinion secure to all nations rational and constitutional law.

By Mr. Rathbone. The sun of liberty which has risen in the Andes-may its beams be reflected from the Alps and the Pyrennees.

Mr. Clay's Address.

FROM THE NATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE 28TH ULT. To the people of the congressional district composed of the counties of Fayette, Woodford, and Clarke, in Kentucky.

Permit me to observe, sir, that I deem the honor of being a guest upon this occasion among one of the most gratifying circumstances connected with my official station. Much has been stated as to revolutions and their happy consequences in this assembly this evening; but there is another I cannot omit this The relations of your representative and of your opportunity to notice, which, even a few years back, neighbor, in which I have so long stood, and in which seemed more unlikely and less expected by many, I have experienced so many strong proofs of your than these great changes we are thus happily met to confidence, attachment and friendship, having just celebrate; and permit me to add, one in which the been, the one terminated, and the other suspended, 1 prosperity of both is deeply interested. Need I men-avail myself of the occasion, on taking, I hope a temtion the revolution in sentiment and feelings, which Iporary, leave of you, to express my unfeigned gratirejoice to bear my testimony to, as having arisen be-tude for all your favors, and to assure you that I shall tween our respective governments, which is fast cherish a fond and 'unceasing recollection of them. spreading among all classes, and which I earnestly The extraordinary circumstances in which, during hope may settle down into permanent friendship. the late session of congress, I have been placed, and It may be asked, what has the growth of good feelings the unmerited animadversions which I have brought between England and the United States to do with upon myself, for an honest and faithful discharge of the celebration of the recent victories which have my public duty, form an additional motive for this brought us thus together? I will not say, go ask at appeal to your candor and justice. If, in the office Madrid, at Paris, at Vienna, or at St. Petersburgh- which I have just left, I have abused your confidence though there their importance might be discovered, and betrayed your interests, I cannot deserve your but I would direct any inquirer to go to the foot of support in that on the duties of which I have now enthe Rocky Mountains, pass along the Andes, on to tered. On the contrary, should it appear that I have Cape Horn, thence from the Oronoco to Colombia- been assailed without just cause, and that misguided and who are they within these vast limits that do not zeal and interested passions have singled me out as a see, in the friendship of the lion of old England and victim, I cannot doubt that I shall continue to find, in the eagle of these United States, a shield to guard the enlightened tribunal of the public, that cheering their struggle for the firm establishment of their in-countenance and impartial judgment, without which dependence? Yes, sir, who does not perceive the a public servant cannot possibly discharge, with adforce of the observation, attributed to Mr. Canning, when adverting to the happy consequences of these good feelings, at a dinner at Liverpool, "mother and daughter against the world?"

From whence, sir, has this proud eminence of "mother and daughter" arisen, and wherein does it consist?

vantage, the trust confided to him.

It is known to you, that my name had been presented, by the respectable states of Ohio, Kentucky, Louisiana and Missouri, for the office of president, to the consideration of the American public, and that it had attracted some attention in other quarters of the union. When, early in November last, I took my deCertainly not from superior powers of body or parture from the district to repair to this city, the ismind, or from personal courage, patient endurance sue of the presidential election before the people was oi toil, or superiority of climate; no, sir: for who sur- unknown. Events, however, had then so far transpasses France in arts, science and military fame? pired as to render it highly probable that there would what pepole are more endued with chivalrous brave-be no election by the people, and that I should be ry than the Spaniard? what people brave death in excluded from the house of representatives. It be the field with more unmoved courage than the Ger- came, therefore, my duty to consider, and to make man? what Russian ever received his death wound in up an opinion on, the respective pretentions of the his back? what then, sir, is it? Sir, it is in the pre- three gentlemen that might be returned, and, at that dominance of religious and commercial liberty. I early period, I stated to Dr. Drake, one of the profeswould just add, that it is my earnest hope, that "mo-sors of the medical school of Transylvania universither and daughter" may, ere long, exhibit a perfect ty, and to John J. Crittenden, esq. of Frankfort, my example to the new empire in the south, in these fun- determination to support Mr. Adams in preference damental pillars of national independence, prosperity and glory. With this expression of my feelings upon this glorious occasion, I beg leave to give

The mother and daughter-oblivion to the past, with increase and perpetuity of harmony for the fu

ture.

Mr. Cambreleng made an appropriate reference to the liberal remarks of the British consul, and gave Magna charta-The first charter of human freedom.

By Mr. Blunt. That freedom, which man holds by the charter of his Creator.

By Mr. Tucker. South America-May her liberty be as permanently established as her Andes, and pure as the snow on their summit.

to gen. Jackson. I wrote to Charles Hammond. esq; of Cincinnati, about the same time, and mentioned certain objections to the election of Mr. Crawford, (among which was that of his continued ill health,) that appeared to me almost insuperable. During my journey hither, and up to near Christmas, it remained uncertain whether Mr. Crawford or I would be returned to the house of representatives. Up to near Christmas, all our information made it highly probable that the vote of Louisiana would be given to me, and that I should, consequently, be returned, to the exclusion of Mr. Crawford. And, whilst that probability was strong, I communicated to Mr. Senator Johnston, from Louisiana, my resolution not to allow my name, in consequence of the small number of votes by which it would be carried into the house, if

I were returned, to constitute an obstacle, for one, kindness, I felt that I could no longer remain silent, moment, to an election in the house of representa- A crisis appeared to me to have arisen in my public tives,

life. I issued my card. I ought not to have put in it the last paragraph, because, although it does not necessarily imply the resort to a personal combat, it admits of that construction; nor will I conceal that such a possible issue was within my contemplation. I owe it to the community to say, that, whatever heretofore I may have done, or, by inevitable circumstances, might be forced to do, no man in it holds in deeper abhorrence than I do, that pernicious practice. Condemned, as it must be, by the judgment and philosophy, to say nothing of the religion, of every thinking man, it is an affair of feeling about which we cannot, although we should, reason. Its true cor

During the month of December and the greater part of January, strong professions of high consideration, and of unbounded admiration of me, were made to my friends, in the greatest profusion, by some of the active friends of all the returned candidates. Every body professed to regret, after I was excluded from the house, that I had not been returned to it. I seemed to be the favorite of every body. Describing my situation to a distant friend, I said to him, "I am enjoying, whilst alive, the posthumous honors which are usually awarded to the venerated dead." A person, not acquainted with human nature, would have been surprised, in listening to these prai-rective will be found when all shall unite, as all ought ses, that the object of them had not been elected by to unite, in its unqualified proscription. general acclamation. None made more or warmer A few days after the publication of my card, “anomanifestations of these sentiments of esteem and ad- ther card," under Mr. Kremer's name, was published miration, than some of the friends of general Jack-in the Intelligencer. The night before, as I was voson, none were so reserved as those of Mr. Adams; luntarily informed, Mr. Eaton, a senator from Tenunder an opinion, (as I have learnt, since the elec- nessee, and the biographer of gen. Jackson, (who tion), which they early imbibed, that the western boarded in the end of this city opposite to that in vote would be only influenced by its own sense of which Mr. Kremer took up his abode, a distance of public duty; and that, if its judgment pointed to any about two miles and an half), was closeted for some other than Mr. Adams, nothing which they could do time with him. Mr. Kremer is entitled to great credit would secure it to him. These professions and mani- for having overcome all the disadvantages incident festations were taken by me for what they were to his early life and want of education, and forced worth. I knew that the sunbeams would quickly dis- his way to the honorable station of a member of the appear, after my opinion should be ascertained, and house of representatives. Ardent in his attachment that they would be succeeded by a storm, although I to the cause which he had espoused, gen. Jackson is did not foresee exactly how it would burst upon my his idol, and of his blind zeal others have availed poor head. I found myself transformed from a can- themselves, and have made him their dupe and their didate before the people into an elector for the peo-instrument. I do not pretend to know the object of ple. I deliberately examined the duties incident to Mr. Eaton's visit to him. I state the fact, as it was this new attitude, and weighed all the facts before communicated to me, and leave you to judge. Mr. me, upon which my judgment was to be formed or Kremer's card is composed with some care and no reviewed. If the eagerness of any of the heated par- little art, and he is made to avow in it, though sometizans of the respective candidates suggested a tardi- what equivocally, that he is the author of the letter ness in the declaration of my intention, I believed to the Columbian Observer. To Mr. Crowninshield, that the new relation, in which I was placed to the a member from Massachusetts, formerly secretary of subject, imposed on me an obligation to pay some re-the navy, he declared that he was not the author of spect to delicacy and decorum."

that letter. In his card he draws a clear line of seMeanwile, that very reserve supplied aliment to paration between my friends and me, acquitting newspaper criticism. The critics could not compre- them and undertaking to make good his charges, in hend how a man, standing as I had stood towards the that letter, only so far as I was concerned. The purother gentlemen, should be restrained, by a sense of pose of this discrimination is obvious. At that time propriety, from instantly fighting under the banners the election was undecided, and it was, therefore, of one of them, against the others. Letters were is as important to abstain from imputations against my sued from the manufactory at Washington, to come friends, as it was politic to fix them upon me. If they back, after performing long journeys, for Washington could be made to believe that I had been perfidious, consumption. These letters imputed to "Mr. Clay in the transport of their indignation, they might have and his friends a mysterious air, a portentous si-been carried to the support of gen. Jackson. I relence," &c. From dark and distant hints, the progress ceived the National Intelligencer, containing Mr. was easy to open and bitter denunciation. Anony- Kremer's card, at breakfast, (the usual time of its mous letters, full of menace and abuse, were almost distribution), on the morning of its publication. As daily poured in on me. Personal threats were com- soon as I read the card, I took my resolution. The municated to me, through friendly organs, and I was terms of it clearly implied that it had not entered into kindly apprised of all the glories of village effigies his conception to have a personal affair with me, and which awaited me. A systematic attack was simul- I should have justly exposed myself to universal riditaneously commenced upon me, from Boston to cule, if I had sought one with him. I determined to Charleston, with an object, present and future, lay the matter before the house, and respectfully to which it was impossible to mistake. No man, but my-invite an investigation of my conduct. I accordingly self, could know the nature, extent and variety of made a communication to the house, on the same day, means which were employed to awe and influence the motives for which I assigned. Mr. Kremer was me. I bore them, I trust, as your representative in his place, and, when I sat down, rose and stated ought to have borne them, and as became me. Then that he was prepared and willing to substantiate his followed the letter, afterwards adopted as his own, charges against me. This was his voluntary declaraby Mr. Kremer, to the Columbian Observer. With tion, unprompted by his aiders and abettors, who had its character and contents you are well acquainted. no opportunity of previous consultation with him on When I saw that letter, alleged to be written by a that point. Here was an issue publicly and solemnly member of the very house over which I was presid-joined, in which the accused invoked an inquiry into ing, who was so far designated as to be described as serious charges against him, and the accuser professed belonging to a particular delegation, by name; a mem-an ability and a willingness to establish them. A deber with whom I might be daily exchanging, at least, bate ensued, on the next day, which occupied the on my part, friendly salutations, and who was possi- greater part of it, during which Mr. Kremer declared bly receiving from me constantly acts of courtesy and to Mr. Brent, of Louisiana, a friend of mine, and to