is a mistake; any thing but fact; and, without intend-1 solicitude to defend Mr. Kremer? Why question the ing to ascribe the error to you, I claim the right of credibility of Mr. Crowninshield? He has not claimsaying, that reason revolts at the idea, that he shoulded to be confessor of Mr. K.-a term, the religious ashave made Mr. Crowninshield his confessor, and to him uttered a language, at war with his public and repeated private declarations made to his friends. sociations with which might have suggested to you the propriety of abstaining from its use, whatever occasion he may have for the office. The American public is the best judge, whether a gentleman of Mr. Crowninshield's well known character, for honor, probity, and veracity, has falsely testified, or Mr. Kremer has been prevailed upon to avow himself the author of a letter which he never wrote. In regard to your polite intimation, that I had not properly reflected upon what belonged to courtesy, I have two observations to make, the first of which is, that I am yet to be made sensible of any particular claim that you have upon me for any extraordinary observation of its rules; and the second is, that when I may think I shall have occasion to learn them, I shall not be tempted, even by a gratuitous offer, to renounce my indisputable right to choose my own preceptor. The concluding paragraph of your letter expresses a belief that I "prepared, or advised, the publication of his (Mr. K's) card, in the guarded terms in which it is expressed;" and you declare yourself ready to acknowledge the mistake, if I will offer any disavowal. If you had properly reflected as to what belonged to courtesy, you would have sought from me information about this, before my name was introduced before the public, and your belief formed. You knew me sufficiently well, to believe that I would not decline candidly to answer any inquiries necessary and proper to be made. This was not done; but, on the information you had received, you yielded it your confidence, and proceeded to a defence before the public. Without intending to be understood, as either admitting or denying any thing respecting my imputed I made no demand upon you for an explanation of visit to Mr. Kremer, on the evening preceding the the object of your interview with Mr. Kremer, the publication of his card, suppose the fact to be, that I night preceding the publication of this card. The did visit him; and suppose too, that it was, as you privilege of any one to derive from his society what have termed it, a "nocturnal visit;" was there any ever enjoyments it can afford, literary, scientific, or thing existing that should have denied me this privi-political, was never contested, as it never will be enlege? Or does it, therefore, necessarily result, that I vied, by me. My intention was to afford you an opshould have been engaged in any plan against your portunity of making an explanation of the object of rights, or conspiracy against you? There is no one your visit to him, if you chose to do so. In declining more interested than yourself in denying the force of it, I acquiesce entirely in your determination, conclusion as derived from circumstance; and it is I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, a little strange, that while, in your own case, you should H. CLAY object to it, as a rule of proper application, you The hon. John H. Eaton, &c. &c. &c. should, at the same time, claim it as rightfully entitled to operate in the cases of others. You will excuse me from making an attempt to remove any belief, which you entertain upon this subject: it is a matter which gives me no concern. In the communication made to you, my object was to ascertain, distinctly, your meaning as to the letter pubJished in the Columbian Observer, and to that you have frankly replied. Had you referred to me five days ago, on this subject, I should with pleasure have answered you; but having exhibited your belief and opinions to the public, I am precluded from any explanation: you have no right to ask it; nor I, in justice to myself, any right to give it. JOHN H. EATON. Respectfully, your obedient servant, Washington, 2d April, 1825. SIR: Your letter of yesterday is received. As there is nothing now of inquiry or argument between us, I might forbear offering a reply, but, from a desire to correct some perversion given both to the meaning and expression of my last communication to you. I shall notice but one of them. I did not assert that Mr. Kremer never used the language imputed to him by you, as derived from Mr. Crowninshield; it is given as matter of belief only. "I cannot forbear the opinion," is the expression used, accompanied by a full and sufficient reason why that opinion could not be incorrect; and that your informant must be mistaken. It was unnecessary for you to talk of Mr. Crowninshield's honor and veracity to me. I entertain as high an opinion of them as you can; but that he is mistaken, I have no more doubt than I have that Mr. Kremer is also a correct man. His differing with you can assuredly not render him a better or worse member of society. , Washington, 1st April, 1825. SIR: I received yesterday your note of the 31st ultimo. With respect to mine, in answer to yours of the 28th, (in your reception of which you seem to I admit, most cheerfully, that I have no claim on think there was some delay), allow me to remark, your courtesy, and to "any extraordinary observance that it was my intention to have despatched it through of its rules." I have claims, in this respect, on no a friend, who, when I sent for him, happened to be one; society, not me, creates the claim, and has long out of the city, in consequence of which I despatched since established amongst her subjects, that hers are it through another channel; that, amidst my official rules every where in fashion, and always to be reengagements, I cannot mark the hours with the same garded. I am a little surprised, that you should claim precision as a gentleman can of your presumed lei- to enter any protest against them, while you evince sure; that I received your own note, the day after it such warmth of regard for the catholic principle of bore date; and that, by your own admission, you re-confession. Permit me to assure you, that, with such ceived my note at 4 o'clock of the day succeeding that on which yours was delivered. Whilst you disclaim having any thing to do with the controversy into which I have been most reluctantly drawn by others, under Mr. Kremer's name, you have chosen to observe, entirely in justice to that gentleman, that he never used the language to which Mr. Crowninshield testifies; "that it is a mistake; any thing but fact;" and to claim the right of saying "that reason revolts at the idea, that he should have made Mr. Crowninshield his confessor." Why this avowals before me, I have not the least desire to question "your indisputable right to choose your own preceptor." For the privilege conceded by you of visting Mr. Kremer, and of deriving "from his society whatever enjoyments it can afford, literary, scientific, or political," I ought to feel grateful, however I may omit to express my gratitude. Mr. Kremer is considered an honest man; he bears with him, every where, this reputation; and, whilst he bears it, is fair company for any one, although he may not, like false coin, aim to assume any gloss appearance, or to pass for any that the motives which influenced me were foundthing beyond a real value. ed in patriotism; that the necessity for my conduct really existed, and that "my vindication is written in every page of the law of nations, as well as the first law of nature, self-defence," I shall then hope that atonement will be made for this foreible withdrawal, for an alleged offence, from my command, by restoring me to my former station, and allowing me to retire from it in a manner more honorable to myself and my country, and less injurious to my feelings and character, This, sir, will be an act of justice that I hope will not be denied to me. NAVY DEPARTMENT, 27th December, 1825. SIR: Your letter of the 15th November last, relating to the extraordinary transactions at Faxardo, inobedient servant, the island of Porto Rico, on the of that month, has been received and considered. I have the honor to be, with great respect, your Extract of a letter from com. Porter to the hon. secretary "I have the honor to be, with great respect, your It is not intended, at this time, to pronounce an opinion on the propriety of those transactions on your part, but their importance demands for them a full investigation, and you will proceed, without unneces-to sary delay, to this place, to furnish such explanations as may be required of every thing connected with their cause, origin, progress and termination. For that purpose, you will bring with you those officers whose testimony is necessary, particularly lieut. Platt, and such written evidence as you may suppose useful. You will return in such convenient vessel as may be best spared from the squadron, and, on your leaving the station, you will deliver the command to captain Warrington, with all such papers, instructions and information, as may be useful to enable him, in the most effectual manner, to accomplish all the objects for which the vessels now under your command were placed there. I am, very respectfully, &c. SAMUEL L. SOUTHARD. Com. David Porter, commanding U. S. naval forces, W. Indies, Gulf of Mexico, &c.} "Hon. Samuel L. Southard." Extract of a letter from hon. Samuel L. Southard to com. Porter, dated navy department, 16th March, 1825. "It was the intention of the department, in ordering captain Warrington to the West Indies, to relieve you from the command of the squadron there." "I am, respectfully, &c. "SAMUEL L. SOUTHARD. "Com. David Porter, U. S. navy-present.” Internal Improvements. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, FEBRUARY 26, 1825. Report of the committee on roads and canals, upon the subject of internal improvements, accompanied by a bill "concerning internal improvements." U. S. SHIP JOHN ADAMS, Thompson's Island, January 30, 1825. SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt The committee of roads and canals beg leave hereof your orders of the 27th ult. informing me of your with to report a bill "concerning internal improvereception of mine of the 15th of November, relating ments."-This bill proposes to authorize the presito what you have been pleased to term "the extra-dent of the United States to borrow, on the best ordinary transactions at Faxardo," and recalling me terms he can, any sums of money, not exceeding, from my command for a full investigation of my con- in the whole, ten millions of dollars; which sums are duct in that affair. to be borrowed at such times as may be necessary for the purposes contained in the second section of the bill, and to be redeemable at the end of years, Agreeably to your orders, I shall leave this place for Washington "without unnecessary delay," and have taken measures to obtain all the testimony necessary, and such written evidence as I suppose useful, and, on my arrival in the United States, shall hold myself ready to justify my conduct in every particular, not only by the laws of nations and of nature, and by highly approved precedent, but, if necessary, by the orders of the secretary of the navy. The second section authorizes the secretary of the treasury to make subscriptions, on the part of the United States, in such companies for internal improvements as may be incorporated by the respective states, and as congress may approve from time to time. To use the emphatic language of Mr. Adams, "By The third section contains a provision, that each "all the laws of neutrality and war, as well as of state may, under certain restrictions, purchase the "prudence and humanity," I was warranted in chas-stock subscribed in such state, and take a transfer of tising and intimidating the authorities of a place who the same from the secretary of the treasury. had not only become the allies and protectors of out- The fourth section directs the secretary of the trea laws and pirates, but our active enemies, by the im-sury, as long as any stock belongs to the United States, prisonment and forcible detention of an American to receive the dividends on the same, and to vote for officer, while in the performance of his duties. "There the officers of each company, according to the shares will need," (continues Mr. Adams), "no citation from subscribed. "printed treatises on international law, to prove the "correctness of this principle. It is engraved in ada"mant on the common sense of mankind. No writer upon the laws of nations ever pretended to contra"dict it; none of any reputation or authority ever "omited to insert it." I am willing, sir, to submit my conduct in this affair to the strictest investigation, and, if I cannot fully justify it, I shall cheerfully submit to the severest pupishment that can be inflicted. But, if it shall appear The committee have directed their attention, mainly, to such considerations of the subject as may lead to the actual execution of internal improvements. The construction of the federal government, as a general head, and the existence of many states at separate parts of the whole, create obstacles against the execution of many important works, but none, it is believed, which may not be overcome, and in a manner that will be reconcileable to the pretensions of the different governments. The object of introducing the bill, this session, is to lay the subject generally before the public; it is not designed to act on it until the next session of congress, when its details, if the principles of the bill are sanctioned, can be revised and improved. The committee cannot conceive how the general government can aid in the internal improvements of the country, in most cases, with greater propriety than by subscriptions to companies incorporated by the respective states. Congress will have the opinion of the United States' engineers, who will make the necessary surveys, plans and estimates; and it will have the opinion of a state in each case, and of intelprofits of each work; and, finally, congress will exercise its own judgment on the utility and national character of the work. The prosecution of the works, besides, will be conducted by interested individuals, with less expense and delay, than, perhaps, it could be done by the public. As to the objects of improvements, whether they belong to the general government or to a state, the execution of them will be, in a degree, beneficial to the whole. An object of improvement may be entirely within in a state, and still be of a federal character, as a road to a fortification. The object may embrace parts of two states, as a bridge over a river that divides the two states; yet the states may erect the bridge if congress gives its consent, other wise any agreement or compact between the states will not be binding; in such a case, congress could, either give consent or cause the bridge to be erected by the United States, if it was necessary to answer any national purpose; or it might be erected by aligent stockholders, as to the importance and probable company incorporated by the two states. If the object of improvement has a wide range, and is to pass through many states, there the general government can act alone, as in the case of the improvements of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. These improvements cannot be distinguished from any other, of the same importance, that passes through a number of states. As congress will probably make other expenditures, It is unnecessary, at the present, to make any effort in specific cases, from time to time, the sum is here to ascertain where the truc line on this subject lies limited to ten millions of dollars; yet congress can. between the general and states governments; con-adopt the principle, that no subscription shall be made gress must decide on each case as it arises, and it is believed that there never can be any collision. Congress will never be disposed to act without the cooperation of the states, except in a national work, passing through different states, and were the states, through which it passes, are not interested in a degree sufficient to induce them to undertake the perfection of the work, or any considerable part of it; such cases, in the opinion of the committee, may be considered as of the first national class, and cannot be included in any general and specific systems: for, although the mountains, streams, and the variety of our climate and soil, will not change, still it would be rash to adopt a system designating where roads, canals and bridges, should be located ten or twenty years hence; each case must depend on the course of trade, and the circumstances that may exist, at the moment it is to be carried into execution. The committee, however, are of opinion, that there is a secondary class of cases, on which the general government and the states can act conjointly, by the subscription of stock, on the part of the United States, in companies incorporated in the respective states, for internal improvements. to any incorporated company until a certain proportion of the estimated expense shall have been subscribed for, either by the state or individuals; and this may augment the actual expenditures for public improvements to more than double the sum mentioned in the bill. Several of the states have executed many important works, and, with a judicious encou ragement from the general government, a great deal more may be anticipated on their parts. The aid of the general government will seldom be required in the construction of roads. The roads which will be necessary for the accommodation of the states, will, in most cases, answer the purposes of the general government. Attention will, perhaps, have to be paid to parts of leading mail routes, where the interest of the states is not sufficient to induce them to keep such parts in good repair. In the late report of the secretary of war, the extension of the Cumberland road from Wheeling to St. Louis, and the construction of a durable road from the seat of government to New Orleans, are considered as objects of national importance. By the report of the postmaster general, of the 15th December, 1924, it appears that the route on which The plan proposed by the bill, after much reflec- the mail is carried from the seat of government to New tion, has been deemed to be the most judicious of any Orleans, is estimated at 1,380 miles, and requires a that can be devised. It is a plan of encouragement, travel of 24 days in the winter and spring seasons of and, in its operation, will not interfere with objects of the year. The mail on this route is sometimes entirethe first class. It will excite the states to incorporate ly obstructed by high waters; and, when this is not companies for such objects as will be, in a degree, the case, it is frequently much injured by the mail national, and sufficiently so as to induce congress to horses swimming creeks and through swamps, by countenance them. It leaves congress to decide in which newspapers are frequently destroyed, and leteach case, when presented, upon its own circum-ters obliterated. In the report, it is further remarkstances and merits. Congress, on all occasions, is to act for the good of the whole; and there must be many instances where the public interest of the union will require larger expenditures in one portion of the country than in another. States, which have important natural advantages for improvements, will not be willing to yield them to the general government, although they may stand in need of its aid in the beginning-for instance, Pennsylvania, from her interest and pride, never could be disposed to permit the contemplated canal, from the Susquehannah to Pittsburg, to go into any other hands than her own. This plan contains the advantage of receiving aid from the general government, while it retains to the states the right of purchasing the interest of the United States at pleasure. Congress can act, in any case, after receiving the necessary information, without waiting for informa tion from other places. ed, that the route, by the way of Warrenton, Abington than half the time, at the same expense, with the utmost security, and with a considerable increase to the receipts of the department. defend a great distance of the seaboard, as it could be With such a line of defence, no discreet general transported to any point in a short period. The committee are of opinion, that it would result would venture too far into the interior of the country, to the public benefit to make experiments, in this dis-when his retreat would be so easily cut off, and his In the other extreme of the country, the lakes can trict, of a rail road; and of a road, constructed on defeat rendered almost eertain. McAdam's plan, for short distances, and in places where they would be useful, as well as for inspection. be connected with the St. Lawrence and the MissisOn the subject of the inland navigation of the coun- sippi rivers. The falls of Niagara, it is believed, can try, a mass of information is contained in the reports be avoided by a canal of about ten miles, and on such of the secretary of the treasury, of the 4th of April, a scale as to admit vessels which navigate both lakes, 1808; of the secretary of war, on the 3d of December, and at an expense not exceeding a million of dollars. waters of the Illinois river, which empties into the 1824; of the United States board of engineers; and of Lake Michigan can be connected by a canal with the canal commissioners in the states. It is believed to be practicable, and by no means at Mississippi. And, to effect this communication, a law an unreasonable expense, compared with the high im- was passed, in 1820, by congress, authorizing the state Already, steam boats of 450 tons, with full cargoes, portance of the subject, to make an inland water com- of Illinois to open a canal through the public lands. munication from Boston to St. Mary's, and to connect the waters of the Atlantic with those of the have passed from Buffalo to the southern extremities Gulf of Mexico. In 1808, the secretary of the trea- of lake Michigan, a distance of 800 or 900 miles.sury indicated a canal to be opened, 550 miles in The whole of this navigation is on the lakes, except length, at an expense of $30,000,000, and ten years the passage through the strait between lakes Michilabor; and, as great as the expense would be, he gan and Huron, of ten miles; the strait between Huthought the advantages of discharging the Mississippi ron and St. Clair, of thirty-five miles; and the strait into the Atlantic ocean, through the territory of the between St. Clair and lake Erie, of twenty-eight state of Georgia, worth it all. But, since the acqui- miles; making, in the whole, seventy-three miles; sition of Florida, a new route presents itself, to com- but through each of these straits there is sufficient mence on the Mississippi, at the mouth of the river depth of water for sloops and steam boats of the burIberville, and terminate at the mouth of St. John's then just mentioned. With improvements of no exriver, on the coast of Florida. The whole distance is traordinary magnitude, there can be a water commu700 miles, but the distance to be canalled would not nication from New Orleans to Quebec; and inland naexceed 120 miles, and would save a distance of navigation from the Atlantic, across to this extensive vigation of 1,500 miles. The cost of this undertaking, from the information received, would be about six millions of dollars. By virtue of an appropriation made in March, 1823, the obstruction between the harbor of Gloucester and the barbor of Squam, in the state of Massachusetts, has been removed. It consisted of a narrow isthmus of sand, which had been thrown into a passage that formerly existed there, and, by the constant action of the waves, in heavy gales of wind, had been filed up for, perhaps, a hundred years, and had completely connected the island of Cape Ann with the main land. By this improvement, which was perfected under the auspices of the general government, the coasting trade, from all parts of Boston bay, enjoys the great advantage, in particular seasons of the year, and circumstances of the weather, but especially in winter, of passing through, from the harbor of Gloucester, by Squam, into Ipswich bay, and thence to Newburyport, Portsmouth, Portland, &c. and are saved the difficulty and risk of doubling Cape Ann. No improvements, of which the country is capable, would conduce more to internal commerce and military defence, than this chain of inland water communication along the Atlantic, and its extension to the Mississippi. line, may be effected from various points. In New Boston harbors. Companies have been incorporated to connect the As to commerce, the communication by this canal waters of the Connecticut river with the waters of route is, from north to south, about fiteen degrees, the Merrimack, and to cut a canal from the Winneand the produce of the south, cotton, rice, tobacco, pisiogee lake to the Piscataqua river, and from Pesugars and the fruits of the climate, could be taken to migwasset river, through Squam ponds, to Winnethe landings and towns, as far as the extreme point pisiogee lake. These, when effected, will connect the of the north, in a short time, and the boats could re-waters of Connecticut river with Portsmouth and turn with the manufactures of the north and middle states. This canal route, in its course, would Connect itself with all the valuable streams from the Mississippi to the north, and would save from the wrecks large amounts of property. It is estimated that, on the keys and shoals of the Florida coast alone, 500,000 dollars worth of property is wrecked annually. As to military defence, these improvements would be equally valuable, as the extent of our coast gives to an enemy, possessing a powerful naval force, the advantage of selecting the place of attack; but, by means of such a water conveyance, one army could! In New York, much has already been done by the energetic measures and sound policy which that state has pursued. The great canal of New York unites the Atlantic with the regions of the lakes. Still, many other important objects of improvement pears in the message of the governor, of that state remain to be effected in the state of New York, as aplately addressed to the general assembly. Another connection may be effected through the states of Jersey and Pennsylvania. A law has been lately passed by the legislature of the state of New Jersey to construct a canal from the Raritan to the Delaware. And, in Pennsylvania, the river Schuyl-from there to Pittsburgh 370; making, in the whole, kill has been converted into a slack water naviga- 470 miles, instead of 790 by lake Erie. tion, by canals and dams, from tide-water at Phila- James river, in the state of Virginia, it is believed, delphia, to Mount Carbon, near its source, being a can be connected with the Kenhawa, which empties distance of one hundred and nine miles. The cost into the Ohio. This will afford that valuable section of this work, now finished, was one million eight of the country a water communication to the lakes, hundred thousand dollars. Connected with it, is the through the canal intended to be cut from the Ohio Union canal, which branches off at Reading, fifty-river to lake Erie; on which subject, the canal comtwo miles above Philadelphia, and intersects the missioners, in obedience to an act of the general asSusquehannah at Middletown, ten miles below Har-sembly of the state of Ohio, have recently written a risburgh. This work, now in rapid progress, and very able report. which will be finished in eighteen months, is seventy- The sources of the Roanoke rise in the mountains eight miles long, and will cost about eleven hundred of Virginia, and it empties itself into the Albemarle thousand dollars. Both these canals lead to inex-sound, and is navigable to the Great Falls, 70 miles haustible mines of coal, of the very best quality, and from its mouth. Around the Great Falls, locks have complete the water communication between the Sus-been made, and the branches of this river have been quehannah and Philadelphia, the distance being about greatly improved by jetty dams. It is proposed to reone hundred and fifty miles. The majestic river of open the Roanoke Inlet, or to make a new one near Susquehannah, is the only one of the Atlantic rivers its site, and to close up the communication between whose sources approach both the western waters Albemarle and Pamlico sounds, by running a dam of and those of the St. Lawrence. Its Tioga branch af- stone, or of wood and earth, across Cronton and Rofords a communication with the rivers Seneca and anoke sounds, near the south end of Roanoke Island. Gennessee, which empty into Lake Ontario, and its The estimated cost of this improvement, if made of western branch approaches the waters of the Alle- stone, is $2,000,000, and, if made of wood and earth, ghany. The river Susquehannah, it is believed, af- $1,000,000. This improvement would diminish the fords two communications to the western waters; distance, from any given point on the sound, nearly one by the western branch, and the other by connect- one half, and would accommodate the country, on ing the Juniatta river with the river Conemaugh, both sides of the sound, and along the rivers emptywhich empties into the Alleghany. ing into it, which is as fertile a tract of country as The canal commissioners of the state of Pennsyl-any in the southern states, and sustains as great a vania, who examined this last route, partly in con- population. junction with two of the United States' engineers, The head waters of the Great Pedee river, which have lately reported in favor of its practicability. falls into the ocean at Wingan bay, take their rise in The next communication with the western waters.Blue Ridge, and the Yadkin, a bold stream, with can be effected by the Chesapeake and Ohio canal. only one formidable, but not insurmountable obstruc This object, regarded as the most important and na- tion, is navigable to the foot of these mountains, in tional, was the first to claim the attention of the ex- the state of North Carolina. The distance over them, ecutive in carrying into effect the provisions of the to the navigable waters of the Holstein, a branch of law of the last session, to procure surveys, &c.; and the Tennessee, is not great. The head waters of the the able board of engineers, who have given the sub-Santee, which has its outlet in the state of South ject a full and careful examination during the last summer, have pronounced it perfectly practicable, at an expense, small, compared with the magnitude and importance of the object. This work, whether regarded in a military, commercial or political point of view, is equally important. Passing through the centre of the republic, from one extreme to the other, opening an internal communication of more than 2,500 miles; affording, at once, a powerful bond of union, with every commercial facility in time of peace and, in war, the most efficient means of national defence. Besides, its immediate connection with the seat of the national government; its central position; the great extent of inland navigation which it opens; touching, in its course, eleven states of the union, and furnishing a vent for the produce of several others. The shortness of the canal, by this route, connecting the Atlantic tides with the steam boat navigation of the west, at Pittsburgh, being less than 350, and to lake Erie less than 450 miles. Carolina, are the Catawba, Broad and Saluda rivers; the former takes its rise near the mountains in North Carolina, not far from the head waters of the French Broad; the two latter rise within the state of South Carolina; their sources are nearly equal in the vicinity of the French Broad. The navigation of each of these three rivers has been so far improved, as to render them fit for the transportation of produce to within a few miles of the mountains. The Keowee and Sugatoo rivers, the head waters of the Savannah, which form the boundary of the states of South Carolina and Georgia, have their source in the same chain of mountains, and might be rendered navigable to within a very short distance of the head waters of the French Broad. It is to be ob served, of all these rivers, that the Blue Ridge presents obstacles to a junction, between the eastern and western waters, by means of canals. By a memorial from the legislature of Alabama to congress, it appears that the Tuscaloosa river, a branch of the Tombecbe, may, at a reasonable cxThese considerations, together with the general pense, be connected with the Tennessee river. The and diffusive nature of the benefits to result from this memorial also states, that the Alabama river comwork, offering great advantages to all the states, yet mences and becomes capable of a water transportapeculiar to none, as well as the magnitude of the tion within eight or eleven miles of a stream equally undertaking, point it out as a work peculiarly national susceptible of being rendered navigable, and which in its character, and cannot fail to secure for it the empties into the Tennessee river; that the latter reprompt and efficient aid of the general government.ceives the tribute of several other streams, which Many of the above remarks will likewise apply to the Pennsylvania canal, which will pass through a rich and populous country, and connect the greatest manufacturing city on the western waters, with one of the richest and most manufacturing cities on the Atlantic, at a distance of about 370 miles; and will bring New York and Pittsburg nearer together than by any other route-as, from New York to Brunswick, 40 miles; from there to Philadelphia 60, and take their rise and become navigable in the state of Virginia, passing through some of its most productive lands, and watering, in their course, the whole eastern section of the state of Tennessee; that the dividing ground, separating these waters, affords a favorable opportunity of connecting the waters of the Alabama with those of the Tennessee river; and that the distance for the produce of Tennessee to reach a market on the sea board would be reduced from |