wished for, and at the same time it would be strengthening the province against our enemies; even a few inhabitants from the United States, under proper restrictions, would add much to the advantage of this, as also to the mother country in cultivating the wild lands.

We would earnestly recommend a large emigration from the mother country of industrious people, who, by obtaining one or two hundred acres of wild lands from government, might set themselves down with their families, and in the course of one or two years make a good living in the province.

HAVING seen your address to the resident land owners of Upper Canada, and it appearing to me that if the views of which are carried into effect, much benefit, in my humble opinion, will result to this township, but more particularly to the province at large, I have, therefore, con

vened a few of our oldest and most respectable inhabitants, in conjunction with whom I now send the following answers to your queries for the township of Stamford, viz.

1st. This township, at its first settlement, was called Mount Dorchester, or township No. 2, and got its present name from Lieutenant Governor Simcoe, in 1793.

2d. It was first settled in 1784, by about 10 families, who had adhered to the British cause during the American war.

3d. It has one Presbyterian church, built in 1791, by subscription; another church was also built by subscription in 1795, for the use of all persuasions. This last was destroyed during the late war. One other church is now building for the Methodists. We have one resident Presbyterian clergyman (supported by subscription); also itinerant Methodist preachers, who preach once a fortnight and occasionally divine service is performed by the established episcopal clergymen of the neighbourhood, when they see convenient.

8th. One fulling mill, and two carding mills. About 7d. sterling per yard for fulling and pressing cloth, and about 54d. per pound for carding wool.

9th. The soil is in general of a loamy clay, with some sandy and other soils, all of which have been found good for wheat and other grain, as also for hay and pasture.

10th. The timber is chiefly oak, beech, maple, hickory, walnut, elm, chestnut, basswood, ash, and some pine, as also a small quantity of other sorts.

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11th. Of minerals there are none, except bog iron ore limestone there is abundance; it being the general strata of the township, all the bank of the Niagara river being of this, as also the rock over which the Niagara Falls pour. No plaster of Paris has yet been found of a good quality; some marl; no salt rock; some salt licks on the banks of the Chippawa; no salt springs; several inflammable gas springs, which ooze out of the bank of the Niagara river, from the mouth of Chippawa river, and extend about 1 miles down. The air, from some of these, when confined in a tube, will burn constantly.

12th. There are building-stones plenty; the quality a bastard limestone, and cost about 25s. per toise at the quarry.

17th. Hay, in a plentiful season, is frequently mowed and cured to the halves, either divided in stacks, or in cocks, as agreed upon. Price of mowing and making an acre of grass, 3s. 9d. to 5s.

18th. The cost of clearing and fencing five acres of land fit for the harrow, is from 50 to 60 dollars: by clearing, is meant all the fallen timber, and the standing timber of a foot diameter and under, being cut up and burnt; the larger standing timber to be girdled.

21st. Young cattle and horses frequently stay out for two or three months in the winter, where the woods are contiguous, a little fodder being only given them in storms and severe weather.

25th. The quality of the pasture is in general good; the white clover coming in naturally so

soon as the land is cleared of timber. A good cow will yield from 5lb. to 6lb. of butter

per week. 26th. Wheat is generally the first crop after clearing the land; sometimes, but not generally, a second crop of wheat; then grass three or four years; then ploughed up for wheat, or any other grain, and continued in crop for three or four years. Manure seldom used for any other crop than that of Indian corn or potatoes. Wheat is commonly sown on fallow, that is, ground two or three times ploughed, in May, June, and July.

27th. Several farms are let out on shares, say to the extent of 20.

28th. A farm of 100 acres partly cleared, say half, and under cultivation, with tolerable farm buildings, including a good orchard (which almost every farm has), will sell for 5001. sterling, quick sale, and some places at a higher rate, according to situation.

29th. The land being principally settled, and in general improved, there is none for sale, unless an offer is made which the owner thinks advantageous.

30th. The great portage road from Queenston to the water communication above the falls goes through this township, and is in general good, as are also the other roads. The roads here, as in the other townships of the province, are made and repaired by statute labour, which is too generally but indifferently applied. Much improvement might be made in the roads, was this labour commuted. No water carriage, except on the Chip

pawa river, on the south of the township, which is navigable for boats of any description from the mouth for 40 miles. Locks may be made to pass the great falls, and connect lakes Ontario and Erie; but many years must elapse before the province is rich enough to meet the expence.

31st. What retards the further improvement of the township is the scarcity of labourers, there being few not only in this township, but throughout the province in general. This scarcity is caused principally by the want of emigration, and by the ease with which industrious labourers can obtain lands in the interior of the country, where they can make farms of their own; this township, however, is much better improved in roads, and in every other respect than most townships of the province, owing to its being owned principally by actual settlers, with moderate quantities of land, and no reserves being made in it for 4th of the land for the crown, and another 4th for the clergy. Some few of the adjoining townships are in the same fortunate situation, these being surveyed and a llotted to actual settlers before the reservation of the above 4ths of the land was thought of; other tracts have, however, suffered severely for this; in which are not only made reservations of their own ths, but reservations are also made in them for the townships granted without. Another great hindrance to the improvement of the province in general is, that in many of the townships large tracts are taken up by officers of government, and others non-resident in the coun