far as Lake Nipissing, might nourish 15 millions of people. For the reported population of 26,977 in the Western, London, Gore, and Niagara districts, there appear to be 20 places of worship and 35 resident preachers, of whom For the same population there are 20 medical practitioners, 132 schools, 114 taverns, 130 stores, 79 grist mills, and 116 saw mills. AVERAGE PRICES, throughout the province, appear to be as follow School fees, per quarter £. s. d. - 0 13 8 1 10 11 Tunkers and Menonists are German sectarians, with only a shade of difference in their tenets. Tunkers all wear their beards; some of the Menonists do not shave, but clip their beards. They will take no concern in political affairs, nor turn out as militia men; but cordially agree to union in making roads, &c. They are a good, inoffensive, unambitious people, and very obedient to their priests. Women, for house work, per week Cost of clearing and fencing five acres of wild land Price of a good work horse Do. a good cow Do. an ox Do. sheep Do. wool, per lb. Do. butter, per do. Do. cheese, per do. Do. wild land, at first 3 5 2 0 5 2 Do. in 1817 1 4 0 N. B. Wheat in 1817 was 6s. per bushel; now (1820) it is 3s. An ox will gain in a summer's run 171 lbs. Average produce of wheat, per acre 21 bush. Do. of wool, per sheep 3 lbs. TIMBER TREES may be supposed to abound most, as they are most frequently mentioned in the Reports; thus: MAPLE (hard and soft) 53 times: OAK (white, red, black, swamp) 52: BEECH, 48: BASSWOOD, sometimes called WHITE WOOD (page 292), sometimes LYNDEN (page 389), 45: ASH (black, white, and swamp), 45: PINE (white), 44: ELM (white and red), 38: HICKORY, 34: WALNUT (black and white), 29: BUTTERNUT, 21: CHESNUT, 19: CHERRY, 18: IRON WOOD, 15: CEDAR, 12: BIRCH, 8: HEMLOCK (of the fir tribe), 7: POPLAR, 5: SPRUCE, 5: TAMARACK (a species of larch), 4: PLUM, ELDER, WILLOW, HAZLE, and CRAB TREE, twice: BUTTON WOOD, ALDER, TULIP TREE, QUAKING ASP, SHITTIM WOOD, SYCAMORE, CYPRESS, MULBERRY, THORN, LOCUST, SASSAFRAS, and DOGWOOD, once. N. B. DOGWOOD, and some others here quoted from the Reports, should not properly rank as timber trees. PLOUGHING begins generally about the 1st of April: some seasons not till the 15th or 20th. SOWING WHEAT chiefly in September; but sometimes so early as the middle of August, and so late as the 10th of October. REAPING WHEAT end of July and beginning of August; occasionally so late as September. CATTLE are turned out to pasture generally the 1st of May, and taken in the end of November: they can browse in the woods from the 1st of April till the end of December. SLEIGHING begins, throughout the upper part of the province, about the 1st of January, and continues two months; in the lower parts of the province it begins about the 15th of December, and lasts three months. MOWING grass for hay, and REAPING, from 3s. 9d. to 7s. 6d. per day. CRADDLING wheat, 5s. to 10s. per day. The customary terms of LETTING LAND, or, as it is called, letting it on SHARES, is for the landowner to have one-third of the produce. If the land-owner furnishes seed and team, he gets one half; and if he furnishes every thing but manual labour, he gets two-thirds. SELLING PRICE of cultivated farms, see pages 309, 327, 330, 334, 339, 360, 373, 424, 427, 447, 475, &c. &c. A GOOD FRAME FARM HOUSE Costs from £125 to £250. A GOOD FRAME BARN, £125. A LOG HOUSE, £25. BLACKSMITH's work, iron, at the rate of 7 d. per lb. common work; making chains, 1s. An AXE Costs 12s. 6d. ; a HOE, 5S.; SHOEING A HORSE, 10s. CARDING WOOL, 71d. per lb. and from 5d. to 9d. A TAILOR charges, for making a coat, from 20s. to 27s. 6d. ; and 10s. for pantaloons. SHOEMAKERS charge 3s. 9d. for making a pair of shoes; and a WEAVER has, for weaving a yard of common flannel, 1s. to 1s. 6d. SAWING, 2s. 6d. per 100 feet, or half the timber. THE AVERAGE PRODUCE OF WHEAT per acre being 21 bushels for one of seed, speaks sufficiently for the fertility of the land. The average produce of England does not exceed 18 bushels per acre for 3 bushels of seed. In Canada the husbandry is in general very bad; in England it is the reverse: but the natural superiority of Canada, in point of soil, over England, rises to greatest excess, when we consider, that from one end of the province to the other there is scarcely two acres of sterile ground to be seen side by side, while England has its mountains, its moors, its poor downs, and its barren sands. OPINIONS As to what retards the improvement of the Province. 1st. In 24 Reports, lands of non-occupants, see |