TABLE OF CONTENTS

HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION

Philosophy of religion a modern idea.

1. The Age of Enlightenment.

Metaphysical dualism with Descartes. Moral diremption with

Hobbes. The regressus to fundamentals in thought, in life.

Emancipation of religion. Its inness and universality. The

error of deism corrected. 2. The Age of Culture. Moralism

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and pessimism in Kant. Hegel's intellectualism and positivism.

Schleiermacher as epoch-maker. Schleiermacher and Spinoza . 1–16

PART I

THE ESSENCE OF RELIGION

Religion, Philosophy, and Science

Threefold view of the world and the soul. 1. The world of nature.

The cosmos of philosophy. Religion and the world of spirit.

Threefold attitude toward the world. 2. The problem of life.

Science and utility. Philosophy and value. Religion and

blessedness. 3. Methods. Science and mathematics. Phil-

osophy and logic. The method of religion. 4. Limits. The

temporal and spatial in science. The eternal in philosophy.

Religion and history

2. The Limitation of Religion

Effect of secularism and sacerdotalism. 1. The ramification of

modern philosophic disciplines. The independence of religion.

2. Limitation of religion. Its internal and qualitative aspects.

Religion limited by itself. The precinct of religion. 3. Inter-

action between religion and other forms of culture. Speculative

and practical forms of interaction

17-33

33-53

3. Religious Consciousness

1. The precinct of religion and religious consciousness. Historic

consciousness of the race. Hindu and Hebrew. Religious

consciousness of the soul. Idea of a world-whole peculiar to re-

ligion. God a religious notion. 2. Religion no simple element

of the mind. The faculty of judgment. Religion both passive

and active. The totality of the soul

4. Religion, the Self-Affirmation of the Soul

What is desirable in definition? 1. The inness of religion. Its

foundation in the ego. Self-doctrine in Descartes, Fichte, and

Schleiermacher. 2. Attitude of soul toward world. The spon-

taneity of religion. Affirmation of the World-Soul. 3. Motive

for self-affirmation. The humanistic principle. The place of

pessimism in religion

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53-69

69-82

PART II

THE CHARACTER OF RELIGION

A. THE RELIGIOUS VIEW OF THE WORLD

1. Religion as Knowledge

1. Modern logic and religion. Value of Herbert's "De Veritate."

Scepticism of Hume. The case of Kant. Conflict between

intellectualism and moralism. 2. Religion not irrational. Place

of knowledge in religion. Living ideas of religion. 3. Cogni-

tive, conception, and communication of religion. Israel and

India. Religion as faith.

2. Religion as Esthetic Intuition

83-102

The essential nature of art. 1. Origin of æsthetics in Plotinus.

Value of Gothicism. Theology of Romanticism.

significance of art. Esthetic unity of spiritual life. Religious

nature of the artistic deed.

form of art and religion.

2. Religious

Their common idealism.
3. Positive

Artistic furtherance of faith. The

religious element in the fine arts. The intelligible nature of in-

tuition

B. THE RELIGIOUS INTERPRETATION OF LIFE

1. Religion and Ethics

103-116

The half-work of Kant. 1. The formal distinction between religion
and ethics. Range of ethics. Theoretical nature of the ethical.

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The positive form of religion. Its historical essence. Spiritual

religion pessimistic. World-despair. Religion infra and supra

moral. 2. Actual connection between religion and morality.

Position of Jesus and Socrates. Nature of religious conduct.

Specific and sacred character of righteousness. 3. Value of

morality for religion. The ethical the highest means of self-

affirmation. Moral destiny of man
116-139

2. Religion and Rights

The practical side of religion juristic. 1. Common origin of jus

naturale and religio naturalis. Effect of natural rights upon

deism. 2. Parallel history of rights and religion. The forensic

in Christianity. 3. Substantial bond between religion and rights.

The metapolitical in religion. The humanistic in jurisprudence.

4. Metaphysical realism of rights. Religion and law the sanc-

tion of ethics. Lex talionis and non-resentment .

139-154

PART II

THE REALITY OF RELIGION

1. The Origin of Religion

i. The argumentum a tergo. The beginning of religion genuine.

Fallacy of supernaturalism. Insufficiency of rationalism.

2. Naturism and spiritism. Humanistic quality in primitive

worship. The poetical element in naturism. Value of the dis-

orderly in nature. Sundering of man from nature

2. The Development of Religion

155-168

Modern genetic thinking. 1. Opposition to development in logic

and ethics. The progressive in religion, art, and law. Hegel's

treatment of history. History the mere vehicle of religion?

Spiritual meaning of history. Value of historical events to

Israel and India. 2. How history realizes the essence of religion.

Self-affirmation of the soul cumulative. Stages in the develop-

ment of idea of God.

3. World-Religions

168-181

Three types of universal religion. 1. Chinese religion of nature.
The hexagrams of the Yi-King. Eternal recurrence. Taoism as
world-religion. Naturistic nihilism. Quiescence and non-re-
sentment. 2. Intellectualism of the Veda. "Tat tvam asi"
"aham brama asmi." The Self without and within. Aim of

Vedanta. Empirical ego and the Self. Spirit of non-resistance.

3. Christianity a religion of spirit. The living World-Soul.

Transcendental needs. The Christian deed positive. "That

art Thou" in the eternal Gospel

4. The Revelation of Religion

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181-200

Revelation and the Christian religion. I. Revelation a communion

of human and divine. Relation to universal religion. God,

redemption, and revelation. Revelation communion not com-

munication. 2. Goal rather than source of religion in revelation.

History an eternal present. Participation of man in history of

humanity. Christianity as revelation. Revelation not abrupt.

Pedagogical analogy. The order of revelation

200-214

PART IV

THE RELIGIOUS WORLD-ORDER

1. The Religious Value of Theism

Idea of God humanistic. 1. Interpretation of being. Theism and

religion. Theology and metaphysics. Striving toward the God-

head. 2. World Ground and law of identity. Empirical scru-

ples against immanence." Possibility of atheism. Theism

and monotheism. World of things versus world of spirits.

3. Theistic "demonstrations." Career of the ontological argu-

ment. Religious world-order the unity of religion and theism 215-231

2. The Affirmation of Absolute Life

Religion more than theism. 1. Real significance of thought. Logic

and life. 2. Esthetical yearning for reality. Genuine culture

metaphysical. Significance of human ecstasy. Communion of

beauty and truth. 3. Metaphysical moment in ethics. Meaning

of conscience. Psychology of remorse. 4. Rights and eternal

justice. Logic of non-resentment. Problem of evil. Vicarious

suffering and Absolute Life

3. The World of Humanity

231-247

Idea of humanity not primitive. 1. The "Gunas " of Sankhya phil-

osophy. Humanism in the Occident. Contrast between ancient

and modern ideals. 2. The ontological in man. Phenomena,

noumena, and pneumata. Place of persons in the world of hu-

manity. Illusion of individuality. Consciousness of humanity.

Problem of death. 3. The historical in humanity. History and

the individual. Temporal and eternal considerations. Destiny

of man

248-263

4. Unity of Finite and Infinite

Various phases of the problem. 1. Sense and reason in philosophy.

Spinoza's solution. The religious method. Dualism of con-

scious and unconscious in religion. The individual and the Ab-

solute. Immortality of man. Unity of temporal and eternal.

Relation of man to God. 2. Ethical unity of life. Synthesis of

fate and freedom. Moral units of man and God. Man's partici-

pation in the infinite. Final unity of life.

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263-279