think a great deal of Professor Owen's feat in reconstructing the entire framework of the gigantic Dinornis, long extinct, from the fragment of a single bone. It is nothing compared to that of the new naturalists, who build you up the entire psychology, and whole life from the cradle to the grave, so to speak, of fox, and caribou, and bobcat, and chipmunk, and forty others from a few isolated facts concerning the habits of those animals. Possibly the new writers were themselves astonished at the great reputation they had made, or which had been thrust on them; in any case, having got it, they are determined to keep it, and are not taking Mr. Burroughs's punishment lying down. There is not an incident in their animal biographies, they assert, however improbable or even incredible it may seem to those who do not know the mind that is in an animal, which has not been witnessed and put on record by some competent observer. Their critic, they say, has narrowed his point of view to the limits of his own personal experience; and they remind him loftily that they have been in the woods and lonely wildernesses, studying the creatures in their own homes, conversing, too, with Indians and trappers who have a lifelong familiarity with the subject, and, finally, they tell him that he judges all animals from those he has seen on his own small farm. His retort is: "Your natural history knowledge of the East will avail you in the West. "There is no country,' says Emerson, 'in which they do not wash the pans and spank the babies,' and there is no country where a dog is not a dog or a fox a fox, or where a hare is ferocious or a wolf lamb-like." That is how the matter stands; it is a pretty quarrel, amusing to the looker The Speaker. on, but it does not concern us. We are a sober-minded people not at all likely to be carried away by anything this romantic school can send us, and this being so we can receive their books without apprehension and read and thoroughly enjoy them. For it must be said that they are delightful, and strike one as something new in literature. We have, it is true, something resembling it in our numerous animal biographies and auto-biographies, the best by far being Fortescue's Life of a Wild Red Deer on Exmoor. But these products are comparatively poor; in most cases the subjects are extravagantly over-humanized; they are by inferior writers or else by writers who do not possess all the qualities required to make such work really good. Of the American writers who have made such a success in this line I should say that Charles Roberts is the foremost, and that Red Fox, his latest work, is a worthy successor of the Kindred of the Wild and Watchers by the Trails. All that the orthodox naturalists, and hunters, and trappers, know of the wild animals, he knows; and to his knowledge he adds a keen sympathy with wild life, and, above all, he possesses imagination and invention. The result is a book which, purely as a story, is as delightful to read as the unforgettable adventures of Brer Rabbit and Brer Fox. At the same time, the author infuses his own into the animal mind with so nice a judgment and so much restraint that we do not regard his life of a fox, or of any other animal, as mere romance, but it does produce the right illusion, and knowing that it was founded on truth, that there is so much truth intermixed with it, we are pleased to take it as all true. W. H. Hudson. IN TIME OF CHANGE. England, thy throne was ever on the sea, The shattering waves, the great sea that abides! Learn, therefore, from the changing of her tides The laws of thy confederate years to be: Look how each wave, in every atom free, Along its road imperiously rides, Then breaks, and hither and thither the soft foam slides And crumbles into the perfect Unity. So while men's hearts forbear, for thy dear sake, To weigh their loss against the general gain, Oh then, above the surf and surge and fume, Alfred Noyes. BOOKS AND AUTHORS. "The Furniture of Windsor Castle," by Mr. Guy Francis Laking, recently published, is the second of a series of volumes, issued by the King's command, illustrative of the artistic treasures contained in the Royal residence at Windsor. The furniture, including the tapestry, of Windsor Castle, is treated in the same manner that the armory of the Castle was dealt with in the preceding volume. The collection includes some of the best examples of the master-craftsmen of two centuries -Jacob, Chippendale, Riesener, Weisweiler, André Boulle, Le Gaigneur, Gaspar Teuné, Gouthière, and others. Mr. Murray announces a "History of the Papacy in the XIXth Century," to be completed in three volumes, the third of which will be devoted to the reign of Leo XIII. The author is Dr. Fredrik Nielsen, Bishop of Aalborg, and formerly Professor of Ecclesiastical History in the University of Copenhagen, whose work is being translated-with the help of others-by Dr. Mason, Master of Pembroke College, Cambridge. At present only two volumes can be offered to the English reader, bringing the story of the Papacy down to the death of Pius IX., but the author has the concluding volume in hand; and this will be translated as soon after its completion as possible. Readers of Dante will be interested to hear that it is intended to erect a statue to him on the Monte Mario, the hill which looks down upon Rome from the other side of the Tiber. The road from Viterbo passes over the hill, and this route was much frequented in Dante's time. Here the poet, who was 192 a member of an embassy sent from first Florence to Rome, caught a glimpse of the Eternal City-a fact to which he alludes in the Paradiso (canto xv.): Non era vinto ancora Montemalo Montemalo being the name of the hill in Dante's day. As best things in the ephemeral press of George Paston's "Social Caricatures in the Eighteenth Century," recently published, is a book which gives a general, and as far as possible representative view of the social caricatures, and the emblematical, satirical, personal and humorous prints of the eighteenth known. Besides Hogarth, Gillray, century. Rowlandson and Bunbury, who are characteristic liberally represented, specimens are given of Van Heemskerck, J. June, Boitard, George Bickham, Thomas Patch, Vanderhaechen, Gravelot, Paul Sandby, de Loutherbourg, John Collett, Samuel Collings, George Woodward, Henry Wigstead, Austin Isaac Cruikshank, and John Kay, the Edinburgh caricaturist. The letterpress includes, besides notes on the artists, descriptions of the illustrations, and such passages from contemporary correspondence and periodicals as help to elucidate the subjects treated. There are over two hundred illustrations, including reproductions of line engravings, etchings, mezzotints, stipple, and a few original draw ings by Rowlandson. Recent changes in the ownership of the "Gentleman's Magazine" lead The Academy to reminiscences of that ancient periodical, which was founded by Edward Cave, printer, in 1731, for the purpose of rescuing from oblivion the Cave was probably the first editor (if he may be called so) who started competitions. He offered in 1734 £50 for a poem-and attracted no writer of note. In 1735 his offer was a first prize of £10 only, with volumes of sermons as second, third and fourth prizes. But the great work which the Gentleman's Magazine achieved was the reporting of Parliamentary Debates. It was illegal to do so, and Cave got into trouble more than once, particularly over the Lovat trial in 1747. But he held to his illegal practices for many years. Concealed in the House or in the Strangers' Gallery, he and his lieutenant Guthrie and others would makenotes, and retire afterwards to compare them and have them written up. When prohibited from reporting the proceedings openly, he published the "Debates in the Senate of Lilliput," much as the London gave Latin names to the speakers in the House and pretended to be telling of ancient Rome. In 1743 Guthrie was dismissed and Johnson took his place. How Johnson did the work is: notorious: he invented the speeches. f From Dawn to Dark on the High Zambesi. By A. Trevor-Battye . The Duke Pays. NINETEENTH CENTURY AND AFTER 206 Rudolph de Cordova The London Sunday. By Charlotte M. Mew 229 VIII. IX. NINETEENTH CENTURY AND AFTER 243 Life. A Hypothesis and two Analogies. By Sir Oliver Lodge Disestablishment in France. . A PAGE OF VERSE By Laurence Binyon HIBBERT JOURNAL 249 The Escape. By Lady Margaret Sackville PALL MALL MAGAZINE 194 X. XI. XII. BOOKS A Lullaby. By C. F. Usborne ACADEMY 194 194 255 PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY BY THE LIVING AGE COMPANY, 6 BEACON STREET, BOSTON. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. FOR SIX DOLLARS remitted directly to the Publishers, THE LIVING AGE will be punctuary forwarded for a year, free of postage, to any part of the U. S. or Canada. Postage to foreign countries in U. P. U. is 3 cents per copy or $1.56 per annum. Remittances should be made by bank draft or check, or by post-office or express money order, if possible. If neither of these can be procured, the money should be sent in a registered letter. 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