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WEEKLY OUTLINE STUDY OF
CURRENT HISTORY

BY J. MADISON GATHANY, A.M.

HOPE STREET HIGH SCHOOL, PROVIDENCE, R. I.

Based on The Outlook of January 16, 1918

Each week an Outline Study of Current History based on the preceding number of The Outlook will be printed for the benefit of current events classes, debating clubs, teachers of history and of English, and the like, and for use in the home and by such individual readers as may desire suggestions in the serious study of current history.-THE EDITORS.

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[Those who are using the weekly outline should not attempt to cover the whole of an outline in any one lesson or study. Assign for one lesson selected questions, one or two propositions for discussion, and only such words as are found in the material assigned. Or distribute selected questions among different members of the class or group and have them report their findings to all when assembled. Then have all discuss the questions together.]

I-INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

A. Topic: The President's Address; The
War Aims of the Nations.
Reference: Editorial, page 87; pages 90,

91.

Questions:

66

66

1. How has The Outlook characterized President Wilson's address? Explain and discuss each characterization. 2. What does The Outlook think this address should do for America? 3. Make comparisons between the suggestions of peace made by the Bolsheviki and those made by Germany and Turkey; between those by Lloyd George and those by President Wilson; between those by Lloyd George and President Wilson and those by Germany and Turkey. What thoughts impress themselves upon you very strongly as you make these comparisons? 4. Make clear the meaning of autonomy," "political independence," sovereignty," "economic independence," "commercial boycott," "evacuation," "restoration," "damages," "reparation," "indemnities," "plebiscite," " international law," "neutral," "neutralized." 5. Are you satisfied as to the arrangement President Wilson suggests for Turkey? Ought she to be made to get entirely out of Europe? Discuss at length. 6. Do you think President Wilson's terms would in any way interfere with Germany's legitimate interests and rights? Why or why not? 7. Discuss: President Wilson has set forth "the indispensable elements of an enduring peace." 8. What effect do you think the President's address will have upon Russia? Upon the liberal elements in Germany? Upon the Pan-Germanists? Upon popular responsibility everywhere? 9. Compare the map of Europe as it was in June, 1914, with the map of Europe as it would be were President Wilson's suggestions carried out. Why is it that the peace of the world depends so much upon boundary lines?

B. Topic: Japan in the War; The Spirit
of Japan.
Reference: Pages 84; 92-94.
Questions:

1. Explain very carefully what Ambassador Morris said about "international democracy." Discuss the significance of this political doctrine. 2. What important difference did he bring out between the object of the Allies in this war and the object of the Central Powers? 3. From reading Mr. Mason's article, what is Japan's foreign policy as set forth by Marquis Okuma? 4. How has the Marquis vindicated that policy? 5. What historical facts well worth remembering are found in this

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ways.

Reference: Pages 83; 89; 102, 106, 107.
Questions:

1. What are the "first steps in Govern-
ment operation" of the railways as outlined
by The Outlook? 2. What are some of.
the statements of opinion as to public
operation of railways found in The
Outlook of January 9, 1918 (pages 48-50)?
State what Mr. Gompers thinks of this
matter (page 89). 3. In the light of these
various statements, tell in your own words
what you think of public operation of rail-
ways. 4. Do you think Mr. Price has drawn
a sensible analogy between the circulatory
system of the human body and the railway
system of the United States? Give your
reasons. 5. Has Mr. Price proved the ne-
cessity and the advisability of permanent
Government operation of the railways?
6. Discuss what Mr. Price has said about
the probable effect of the change of railway
operation upon the value of railway securi-

ties.

III-PROPOSITIONS FOR DISCUSSION
(These propositions are suggested directly or indi-
rectly by the subject-matter of The Outlook, but
not discussed in it.)

1. The study of international relations is
a duty of all Americans. 2. The nations of
the world should refuse to have any dealings
with Germany after this war is over, unless
she reorganizes her Government along truly
democratic lines. 3. Broad-minded patriot-
ism is rare in political history. 4. The
excesses of democrats have always been
the best aids of reactionaries. 5. Autoc-
racy has produced more great leaders than
democracy.

IV-VOCABULARY BUILDING

(All of the following words and expressions are found in The Outlook for January 16, 1918. Both before and after looking them up in the dictionary or elsewhere, give their meaning in your own words. The figures in parentheses refer to pages on which the words may be found.)

Free trade, equal trade, contiguous, human liberty, circumlocution (87); imperial, autocratic, republican institutions, culpable (84); Marquis, igneous, calorific, cache, cadaverous," Yellow Peril" (92); constabulary, propinquity, Bushido, the Samurai, profile, silhouette, prognathic, prehensile (93); net operating income, dividends, pro rata, category, synthesize, parity, intrinsic value, fatuous (107).

A booklet suggesting methods of using the Weekly Outline of Current History will be sent on application

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O

We are

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Wood always has been, and still is, the most economical building material in America. And a well-built wood house, in which woods have been selected with regard for their proper uses, makes as comfortable, durable, and weather-proof a home as can be built of any material. We do not recommend that you use WHITE PINE for every part of your house-other cheaper woods may answer some purposes as well. But for outside useswhere the wood is exposed to the weather-no other wood is so durable, or holds its place so well without warping, cracking, splitting or decaying, as WHITE PINE. Address WHITE PINE BUREAU,

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A COMMUNITY WOOD

CHOPPING DAY

BY KENNETH B. WELLES

Winter has lost its worst shiver for Old Lyme. We have ceased to shudder even if the Government should commandeer the next, and the next, and the next coal barge as it did the last. We gave winter the warm shoulder last Thursday when we had our first Community Wood-Chopping Day.

It came about this way. A few fortunate people had coal in their bins and woodpiles by the back door, but the rest of us realized that it was either freeze or "hustle." Coal was ordered, had been since last April, so the two dealers assured us; but five hundred miles turns coal into a pretty cold proposition. Then we sought the old reliable woodmen. Surely they would not fail us-they never had. But one was icing,

one

was tired of hauling wood, one had moved into New London, and one had a few cords of promises. Then we put our heads together.

The railway station, where behind his wire grating sits Tommy Haynes, agent and First Selectman of Old Lyme, has been the birthplace of more than one brilliant community idea. There we went.

Tommy was really serious. He cussed the cold. He told how empty his bin was. Then Fred Babcock, our journalist, told how many times he hadn't got wood. We were all agreed on one thing: Lyme, even though for two summers the residence of the President, was left out in the cold, and was likely to stay so.

Then the idea came. Why not have a community wood-chopping day? We have had community everything else, why not invite all the men to a big bee, and cut enough wood to make the town snug for a time? The woods were at hand. If no one else would do it for us, why not go ourselves? We had visions of town chopping days all over the State. Then it would sweep through New England, carry the whole country, and, presto-chango! the National problem of fuel would be solved.

Tommy appointed a whole harness of committees, enough to hold the best town that ever put its neck under the yoke of community effort. He had an enrollment committee to rout out the citizens, a transportation committee, a coffee committee, a publicity committee, an ax-grinding committee, and a general oversight committee.

Fred Babcock put the first notice in the paper something like this:

Mr. Haynes states that he is confident he can cut as much wood in a given time as Captain Huntington, and Frank L. Saunders is willing to put up a small side bet that he can outcut Constable James F. Bugbee. John Hoskins is willing to try conclusions with Dr. E. K. Devitt, and George Babcock is confident he can cut more wood than Nat Sheffield. John Sterling, while a little out of practice, is willing to have his pile measured against Captain Voorhees', and Griswold Perkins thinks he can measure up a bigger pile than the Rev. K. B. Welles, and so it goes.

That fetched them all right. George Babcock, the plumber, really did say, "I'll be darned if they can cut more wood than me." When you walked up the street, the men would say, "Well, got your ax sharpened?" "Hey, where's your ax?" Andrew McGaw, the all-around man, set up a grindstone in the library cellar. It traveled about five hundred miles the first day.

Then a fine pair of boots were seen hanging in Bugbee's store-the prize for the fellow who cut the most wood. That was the finishing touch. It lined up all the

A Community Wood-Chopping Day (Continued) old regulars, so that when the enrollment committee, for form's sake, asked the fellows who only come to town on election day, to every one's surprise, they "allowed" they would be present. Fifteen "huskies" from South Lyme calculated to come up to get those boots.

The selectmen were to pay $1 a cord for the standing timber and $2.50 a cord to the men for chopping. They would have it hauled and would sell it to any citizens at just what was paid plus the cartage. The wood should all belong to the town. It was to be a genuine community enterprise.

Then came the day, cold and clearideal for chopping. An early start seemed easy that morning. We met at the town hall, like a lot of kids out for a picnic. There were Clark Voorhees, the landscape painter, and Jack Noyes, the house painter; there were the Hon. Joseph Huntington and Bob Appleby, farmer, father of two boys in the service. The minister, the storekeeper, the plumber, the carpenter, the woodman, and Tommy Haynes, all were there. It was a town holiday. The stores even had closed to be in the swim.

We got in the woods at Stone House Ledge with shouts of glee, and then the fun began. What music it was to hear the play of axes through the trees! An English cock pheasant, frightened by such unwonted activity, flew over the heads of the line of workers. We shouted and lifted a little prayer of thankfulness that we were alive in the beauty of that morning and sharing in the fellowship and service of the day.

It is marvelous how fast the morning passed, and how happily. Tommy Haynes, accompanied by the State Fuel Commissioner's representative, urged us on to more heroic efforts.

Then came twelve o'clock, and summonses from the cooks. There never was such coffee, we are sure of that. A washboiler full, and milk and sugar!

There we all lay on the ground eating our victuals. Chris Anderson, the farmer from South Lyme, never knew before what a good fellow an artist is apt to be. The artists never imagined before that there are knack and genius in the woodman. We chaffed each other, liked each other, and reveled in the company. We luxuriated around the fire, all except a few whose axes we could still hear ringing in the distance.

Then we went back to our work again to finish up our cords to bear the inspection sticks of the judges, Sam Tooker and Charlie Tompkins. When at three o'clock they told my partner, "That's a good full cord, with some over for good measure," our hearts swelled with pride, and we patted the pile with the fondness of fathers. Oh, what wood it was-hard yellow oak, thick and solid and sound! There never was such wood, there never was such a dinner, there never were such a crowd of good fellows, there never was such a wonderful idea! We were "it"!

It is not true that greenhorns can't cut wood. We did. It's false that "you will cut your blooming legs off." We didn't. It is nonsense that we are at the coal situation's mercy. We aren't-not altogether. We believe we have taken the crimp out of winter. We have our wood. We had our fellowship. We had our fun. We are going to try it again. We are trying to be a selfdependent little community. And we willbecause we have a great community spirit. Old Lyme, Connecticut.

Puffed Wheat

Bubbles

Puffed to 8 Times Normal Size

"I Wonder

Do You Suppose That Puffed Wheat
Is Half as Good as It Looks?"

It seems rather a pity to picture Puffed Wheat to boys who never get it.

You have seen them, perhaps-looking at a pictured dish of these bubble grains in milk. They gaze at it in envy, as they look at the window of a candy store.

Few Boys Get Enough

But there are other boys who get Puffed Grains too rarely. They seem too good for every-day delights.

That results from a wrong idea of Puffed Grains. These are not mere tidbits-not mere garnish for a meal. They are whole-grain foods, prepared in Prof. Anderson's scientific way. After an hour of fearful heat, the grains are shot from guns. And a hundred million steam explosions are caused in every kernel.

Every food cell is blasted so it easily digests. Thus every atom of the whole grain feeds.

Every ounce of Puffed Wheat is an ounce of clear nutrition, supplying everything we need. The taste is like puffed nutmeats. The texture is so flimsy that the grains fairly melt away. Yet, as a food, Puffed Wheat excels any other wholewheat product.

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