German Conditions, Showing the Forest at the Mature and Pole Stages and also a Clear Cutting which will be Replanted

Immediately.

terior have been reforested and changed from a waste land and a menace to prosperity, to well forested land, producing a good

revenue,

France and Germany together have 14,500,000 acres in State. forests against our 190,000,000 acres of national forests, but France and Germany spend $11,000,000 a year on their forests and get a net return of $30,000,000, while the United States spends a couple of million and gets about as much back. Can we not do as much as the Germans?

SWITZERLAND.

About 21 per cent. or 2,000,000 acres of Switzerland is under forest. Sixty-seven per cent of this area is made up of communal forests, private persons owning nearly all the rest. The State forests yield 64 cubic feet per acre. The annual return varies from $3 to $8 or $9 per acre and $1.50 to $7 per acre is expended. The first forest ordinance of Switzerland was issued 600 years ago. The City forest of Zurich has been managed under a definite plan for 250 years and it is one of the best managed and most profitable forests in the world. It averages a clear annual profit of $12 per acre. Private forest lands in Switzerland can only be cut with the consent of the Canton and logged areas must be reforested within three years. Grazing is entirely prohibited in the protection

forests.

There are 781 acres of forest nurseries in Switzerland. In New York State we have about thirty-five acres and Switzerland is about one-third the size of New York.

RUSSIA AND SIBERIA.

Five hundred and seventy-five million acres of European Russia are under forests. The forests of Siberia contain about 350,000,000 The government owns 65 per cent. of the forested area. Two-thirds of the forest resources are as yet untouched. The net income from these forests is over $20,000,000.

acres.

Russia began to apply forestry before the time of want arrived. She was not forced into protection. In the United States we are very close to a timber famine and we shall soon know what it means to pay for forest waste. In Russia over 100,000,000 acres of private forests have been placed under government control and are supervised as protection forests.

INDIA.

The forest administration of India is one of the most efficient in the world. Ultimately it is intended to place about 17 per cent. of India under government forests. The working plans for 3,000,000 acres are already in operation and more than this area is effectively protected from fire and the area is being constantly increased. One hundred and twenty-eight thousand acres have

been artificially planted.

JAPAN.

Japan has 59 per cent. of its area under forests. Of this, the State owns 57 per cent. and private individuals 26 per cent. The net revenue is $8,000,000 and has increased 16 per cent. in the past twenty years. The forests of Japan were under control before the birth of Christ. Two hundred thousand acres of forest land has been planted in the past twenty-five years or nearly 10,000 acres a year.

CHINA.

China furnished the best example of what deforestation and the lack of a regard for scientific forestry can do. In northeastern China trees have been left only where they could not be gotten out, and practically all of the vegetation has disappeared. The soil is completely at the mercy of the floods and the country is often entirely uninhabited where flourishing cities once stood.