FOREIGN RELATIONS

BY

WILLIS FLETCHER JOHNSON, A.M., L.H.D.,
Honorary Professor of the History of American Foreign Relations
in New York University; Author of "A Century of Expansion,"
"Parsifal and the Holy Grail," "Four Centuries of the Panama
Canal," "Colonel Henry Ludington: A Memoir," etc.

WITH PORTRAITS

IN TWO VOLUMES

VOLUME TWO

NEW YORK

THE CENTURY CO.

1921

Stack D
dift

Mich Hust, Colf

44-77

1224645-278

CONTENTS OF VOLUME II

CHAPTER XXI. THE CIVIL WAR-NEUTRALITY

Attitude of Europe toward America in 1861-Hatred of Revolutions-

Buchanan's Bad Impression-Accession of Lincoln-Friendly Expressions

-Seward's Erratic Course-Privateering-Great Britain's Hasty Recog-

nition of Confederate Belligerency-An Intrigue with the Confederacy—

Confederate Commissioners Abroad-Neutrality Proclamations-Attitude

toward Privateers-No Combination of Powers Recognized by Seward-

Effect of the Morrill Tariff-Unofficial Envoys-Pro-Southern Partizan-

ship-The Trent Episode-Effect of Victories and Defeats-Confederate

Ships in European Shipyards-The Cotton Loan-"This Is War"-Con-

traband Shipbuilding in France-John Bigelow's Shrewd Device

CHAPTER XXII. THE CIVIL WAR-INTERVENTION

France and Great Britain Chiefly Concerned-The Mexican Imbroglio-

Mercier's Recommendations-Palmerston's Attitude-Joint Intervention

Contemplated-Gladstone's Zeal for Secession-Effect of the Emancipation

Proclamation-Slidell's Intrigues at Paris-Louis Napoleon's Hostility-

British Friendship-The Alabama and Alexandra-Roebuck's Bumptious-

ness-Queen Victoria's Personal Influence-How a Breach was Averted-

The Visit of the Russian Squadron to American Waters-No Proof of the

"Sealed Orders'' Legend-Probable Purpose of that Visit-Against France,

not for America

CHAPTER XXIII. SOME NORTH AMERICAN

COMPLICATIONS

Post-Bellum Settlements-The French Attack upon Mexico-The Monroe

Doctrine Challenged-Seward's Attitude-Futile Motions in Congress-

Strenuous Action at the End of the War-The French Ordered Out-Amer-

ican Interest in Alaska-Seward's Vision of the Future-The Treaty of

Purchase-Motives for the Transaction-The Danish West Indies-How a

Beneficent Project was Defeated-Later Negotiations-Santo Domingo's

Overtures for Annexation-Grant's Efforts Defeated on Unworthy Grounds

-Trouble over Cuba-Recognition not Granted-The Tragedy of the

Virginius-On the Verge of War-Salvador-Yucatan-The Guano Islands

CHAPTER XXIV. BRITISH RELATIONS

Effects of the Civil War-The Fenian Raids-Discussing the Alabama

Claims The San Juan Boundary-The Johnson-Clarendon Claims Con-

vention-Motley's Maladroit Diplomacy-Negotiation by Sir John Rose-

The Treaty of Washington-The Joint High Commission and Its Agenda

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-Success of the Negotiations-Arbitration at Geneva-American Claims

for Damages-The Question of Indirect Claims-A Bogy Disposed Of-

British Liability for Confederate Cruisers-The Ultimate Award-Attitude

of the Two Countries Toward the Result of the Arbitration-British Claims

Against America-The San Juan Decision-Extradition of Criminals-

Naturalization-An Indiscreet Minister-American Relief for Irish Famine

Sufferers-The Land League Agitation-The Yorktown Centenary-Recall

of a Victimized Minister

CHAPTER XXV.

DEALINGS WITH BRITISH AMERICA

Relations with Canada-Attempts to Renew Reciprocity-Controversy Over

the North Atlantic Fisheries-An Arbitral Award Favoring Great Britain

-The Fortune Bay Episode-Factional Complications in the United

States-Retaliation Proposed-The Bering Sea Seal Question-Extrava-

gant American Claims-Blaine's Willingness to Arbitrate-The Treaty of

1892-Result at Paris-American Payment of Damages-The Sealing Com-

mission-Fisheries in the Lakes-The Klondike Gold Discoveries-Settle-

ment of the Alaska Boundary Controversy-The Venezuela-Guiana Bound-

ary-Cleveland's Vigorous Assertion of Monroeism-British Coöperation

with the American Commissioners-Arbitration and Its Results-Pro-

posals of Permanent Arbitration Treaties-The Victorian Jubilee

CHAPTER XXVI. SOME DIPLOMATIC MISCELLANY

Transatlantic Cable Communication-World's Fairs-Prussia and Austria

-The Franco-German War-The Centenary of Independence Affairs in

the Balkans-Offensive Conduct of a Russian Minister-American Envoys

Rejected by Foreign Powers-International Tribunals in Egypt-Expatria-

tion and Naturalization-Problems of Immigration-Extradition-Russian

Discrimination against Jews-Russo-American Treaty Abrogated-Retalia-

tion against the American Tariff System-The Massacre of Italians in New

Orleans-The American "Baby Act'-Controversies with Turkey-The

Bartholdi Statue-International Copyright-Suppression of the Slave Trade

-Recognition of the Kongo State-Foundation and Protection of Liberia

CHAPTER XXVII.

EMBROILMENT AT SAMOA

Early Interests of Three Powers in the Islands-A German Corporation in

the Lead-Admiral Meade's Negotiations-An Unfaithful Agent-The Be-

ginning of Trouble-An American Protectorate Proclaimed and Repudiated

-Disputed Native Rulership-The Tripartite Protectorate-German Ag-

gressions Against Malietoa-Tamasese Proclaimed King-America Roused

to Action-Embarrassments and Evils of the Tripartite System-Surrender

of Malietoa-American Opposition to German Aggression-The Gathering

of the Fleets for War-A Tempest as Peacemaker-Conferences Held at

Berlin-The Samoans Sacrificed to Alien Greed-Failure of the Berlin

Treaty Cleveland's Denunciation of a Bad Policy-American Oppression

of the Natives-The Final Partition of the Islands-A Discreditable Chap-

ter of American History

CHAPTER XXVIII. THE ANNEXATION OF HAWAII

A New Era in American Relations with the Islands-Accession of David

Kalakaua-Reciprocity Established-Annexation again Broached-Cession

of Pearl Harbor-The Revised Constitution-Accession of Queen Liliuoka-

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