Tribunal émettra ensuite par écrit son jugement définitif, en y apposant sa marque particulière et en l'envoyant sous pli cacheté au Chef-secrétaire.

33. Le Chef-secrétaire déterminera la majorité après avoir lu ces avis, au moyen desquels il rédigera le jugement, dont il soumettra le projet aux membres qui ont formé la majorité; ce projet, après avoir été revisé et approuvé, constituera le jugement définitif du Tribunal.

34. Ce jugement sera alors notifié aux parties litigantes, puis, dans le délai d'un mois, à tous les Etats contractants. Dès qu'il aura été accepté, les avis des membres du tribunal seront portés in extenso à la connaissance des Etats avec un résumé de la demande et de la réplique, de manière à ce que chaque nation puisse se rendre compte de l'opinion du Tribunal sur les questions de droit et de fait.

35. Le jugement rendu sera sans appel. Au bout d'un certain temps, trois ans par exemple, les avis de tous les membres du Tribunal, majorité et minorité, feront l'objet d'un rapport, qui sera publié avec les noms des opinants et avec le résumé de la demande et de la réplique.

36. Outre le devoir de trancher par voie juridique les litiges qui lui sont soumis, le Tribunal aura celui d'exprimer, sur la demande de deux ou plusieurs nations, son opinion sur des questions de droit ou sur l'interprétation de traités, en vue de prévenir des litiges dans l'avenir.

37. Il devra aussi se préparer à faire des propositions aux conférences ou congrès de souverains et d'hommes d'Etat pour des modifications aux lois internationales sur des points qui n'ont pas encore été réglés, en matière de lettres de marque, de perquisitions, de droit des neutres, de blocus, etc, etc., et sur lesquels les opinions different.

38. Les Etats contractants donneront aussi au Tribunal, en sa qualité de "Collège de droit international ", la faculté de conférer

L

grant the "degree" of " Doctor of International Law," which should only be conferable on students who had obtained the degree of Doctor of Laws, or its equivalent, in the national colleges of the several Concurring Countries, and this degree should rank as the highest degree in the faculties of law, and should entitle the holder thereof to precedence according to date in all courts.

39. Switzerland seems a central and accessible locality in which to locate the Tribunal or college. The building should be worthy of the object, and, since the Senators should be in residence at least nine months of the year, sufficiently spacious to accommodate them and the staff. The site and grounds should be extra-territorialised, the whole being placed under the guardianship of the Republic, the Cantonal Government being entrusted with the necessary funds for the purchase of the selected site, for the erection of the building, and for the disbursement of all the expenses of maintenance.

40. The first cost would hardly exceed a sum of one million sterling, whilst the annual expenditure may be put at about £200,000 a year.

This first cost and annual expenditure might be defrayed by the concurring Powers in proportion and according to their rank as first, second, or third class Powers.

Thus, if for instance, six First-class Powers contributed to the Capital Fund £100,000 each, eight Second-class Powers £50,000 each, and eight or ten Third-class Powers £25,000 each, a sum of £1,200,000 would be provided, sufficient to purchase the site and defray the cost of buildings, &c., &c.

If then these Powers-which may be called the "Concurring Powers "agreed to contribute each of them annually-the Firstclass £20,000, the Second-class £10,000, and the Third-class £5,000, an income of £240,000 would be raised, sufficient to provide amply for salaries and all other expenses, as well as to form the nucleus of a Pension Fund.

le grade de "Docteur en droit international", exclusivement à des étudiants qui ont obtenu le grade de docteur en droit ou son équivalent dans les Universités des dits Etats; ce grade sera considéré comme supérieur à tous les autres dans les facultés de droit et donnera à celui qui le porte la préséance dans toutes les Cours de justice.

39. La Suisse semble être un point central et accessible pour servir de siège au Tribunal. L'édifice doit être digne de sa destination et suffisamment spacieux pour les juges, qui doivent y résider au moins neuf mois de l'année, et pour le personnel. Il doit jouir de l'exterritorialité et être placé sous la garde de la République. Le gouvernement cantonal doit être pourvu des fonds nécessaires pour l'achat du terrain, pour la construction de l'édifice et pour toutes les dépenses d'entretien.

40. Les premiers frais excéderaient à peine vingt-cinq millions francs et les dépenses d'entretien peuvent être évaluées à cinq millions par année.

Les premiers fonds doivent être fournis par les Etats contractants en proportion de leur rang comme puissances de premier, de second ou de troisième ordre.

Si, par exemple, six puissances de premier ordre contribuent pour 2,500,000 fr. chacune, huit de second ordre pour 1,250,000 fr. et huit ou dix de troisième ordre pour 625,000 fr., on réunira ainsi une somme de 30,000,000 fr., amplement suffisante pour couvrir les frais d'achat du terrain, de construction de l'édifice, etc.,

etc.

Si ensuite ces puissances, que nous appellerons "puissances contractantes", consentent à participer annuellement aux frais à raison de 500,000 fr. pour la première classe, 250,000 fr. pour la seconde et 125,000 fr. pour la troisième, cela suffira pleinement pour les honoraires et toutes les autres dépenses, de même que pour former le noyau d'un fonds de pensions.

TREATY OF WASHINGTON,

BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND THE UNITED

STATES OF AMERICA.

Signed at Washington, May 8th, 1871.

Ratifications exchanged at London, June 17th, 1871.

Her Britannic Majesty and the United States of America, being desirous to provide for an amicable settlement of all causes of difference between the two countries, have for that purpose appointed their respective Plenipotentiaries, that is to say :

For Great Britain: Earl de Grey and Ripon, Lord President of the Privy Council; Sir Stafford Henry Northcote, Bart., M.P.; Sir Edward Thornton, Ambassador to the U.S.A.; Sir John Alexander Macdonald, Attorney-General for Canada, and Professor Mountague Bernard; and for the United States: Hamilton Fish, Secretary of State; Robert Cumming Schenck, American Minister to Great Britain; Samuel Nelson, Judge of the Supreme Court; Ebenezer Rockwood Hoar, Esq., of Massachusetts, and George Henry Williams, Esq., of Oregon.

And the said Plenipotentiaries, after having exchanged their full powers, which were found to be in due and proper form, have agreed to and concluded the following Articles :

SECTION I. VIOLATION OF NEUTRALITY.

ART. I. Whereas differences have arisen between the Government of the United States and the Government of Her Britannic Majesty, and still exist, growing out of the acts committed by the several vessels which have given rise to the claims generically known as the "Alabama" claims:

And whereas Her Britannic Majesty has authorised Her High Commissioners and Plenipotentiaries to express, in a friendly spirit, the regret felt by Her Majesty's Government for the escape, under whatever circumstances, of the "Alabama" and other

vessels from British ports, and for the depredations committed by those vessels:

Now, in order to remove and adjust all complaints and claims on the part of the United States, and to provide for the speedy settlement of such claims, which are not admitted by Her Britannic Majesty's Government, the High Contracting Parties agree that all the said claims, growing out of acts committed by the aforesaid vessels, and generically known as the "Alabama" claims, shall be referred to a Tribunal of Arbitration to be composed of five Arbitrators to be appointed in the following manner, that is to say one shall be named by Her Britannic Majesty; one shall be named by the President of the United States; His Majesty the King of Italy shall be requested to name one; the President of the Swiss Confederation shall be requested to name one; and His Majesty the Emperor of Brazil shall be requested

to name one.

In case of the death, absence, or incapacity to serve of any or either of the said Arbitrators, or in the event of either of the said Arbitrators omitting or declining or ceasing to act as such, Her Britannic Majesty, or the President of the United States, or His Majesty the King of Italy, or the President of the Swiss Confederation, or His Majesty the Emperor of Brazil, as the case may be, may forthwith name another person to act as Arbitrator in the place and stead of the Arbitrator originally named by such head of a State.

And in the event of the refusal or omission for two months after receipt of the request from either of the High Contracting Parties of His Majesty the King of Italy, or the President of the Swiss Confederation, or His Majesty the Emperor of Brazil, to name an Arbitrator either to fill the original appointment or in the place of one who may have died, be absent, or incapacitated, or who may omit, decline, or from any cause cease to act as such Arbitrator, His Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway shall be requested to name one or more persons, as the case may be, to act as such Arbitrator or Arbitrators.

ART. 2.-The Arbitrators shall meet at Geneva, in Switzerland,