nalists, and in vindication of the freedom of the press. In fine, the whole current of public opinion set decidedly against the ministers, and effected the return of a majority of deputies adverse to the principles of their administration,-thus settling the question as to M. de Villele's remaining at the head of the government. As the new chamber did not assemble, nor a change in the ministry actually take place, until the beginning of the year 1828, the consideration of the subject does not fall within our present limits.

When the result of the election in Paris and other principal towns was known, the people testified their joy by illuminations, and other rejoicings, in the course of which incidents occurred, which gave the opposition papers room to charge the ministry with exciting riot and tumult, in imitation of lord Castle. reagh's alarm policy, so as to af. ford pretext for adopting strong coercive measures, to repress the confidence of the popular party; and the facts give much colour to the accusation of employing miscreants to stir up insurrection, in order to have the satisfaction of quelling it, and then misrepresent ing the spirit of the people. At an early hour in the evening of Monday, November 26, small groups of boys paraded down the rue St. Martin, rue St. Denis, and rue St. Honore, and where the houses

were not illuminated, cried out for lamps, and threw a few stones, but not so as to occasion any serious damage. Detachments of gendarmes assembled, and might easily have arrested the rioters; but, instead of this, they wreaked their vengeance on the unarmed spectators, most of whom were drawn to the rue St. Denis by mere curiosity. When it became known to the multitude that the soldiery were coming, they took away the scaf folding of a house under repair, and hastily formed a barrier for their protection; but their attitude was not menacing; and when a sudden order was given for the troops to attack them on all sides, not the least resistance was offered, and the defenceless men, and even women, collected in the narrow street, were exposed to the fire of the infantry. Eight persons were killed on this night; and the number of the wounded was very considerable. On Wednesday evening a like scene occurred, attended with much greater bloodshed. Undeterred by the lamentable incidents of Monday, the mob again assembled, and the troops kept up a regular fire upon the people, until nearly fifty persons were killed, and a large number wounded, under circumstances which bore every appearance of premeditated and wanton butchery. No other disturbance occurred after this tremendous lesson. Indeed, for a

week, the Boulevards, and many parts of the city, were lined with troops, and cannon were placed on the bridges, as if Paris was under. going a siege. All this, it may be well supposed, greatly augmented the exasperation of the people, already sufficiently hostile to the existing ministry.

Amid all the little troubles and disputes, which, as we have seen, agitated France, the country had continued to go on rapidly recover. ing from the calamities and depression occasioned by the wars of the revolution. From an article in the Moniteur, which, however much disposed to represent things in a light favourable to the nation and the ministry, states facts and figures in a manner consistent only with truth, we abstract a compara. tive statement of the state of things in 1816 and 1826. In 1816 the population of France amounted to 30,000,000; in 1826, it exceeded 32. In 1816, her agriculture was at the last gasp, destitute of hands and capital; in 1826, it supported a population greater by a tenth; it doubled its produce of wine, and had more horses by 400,000, more oxen and cows by 350,000 and more sheep by 5,000,000. In 1816, she manufactured less than 100,000,000 of kilogrammes of cast iron; in 1826, more than 160. In 1816, her manufactories consumed 12,000,000 of kilogrammes

of cotton wool; in 1826, 32,000,000. In 1816, she imported 400,000 kilogrammes of silk; in 1826, it was double. In 1816, the wool manufactured was 40,000,000 of kilogrammes; in 1826, 48. In 1816, the sugar refined in France, was 24,000,000 of kilogrammes ; in 1826, 27,000,000. In 1816, her commerce at home and abroad was feeble and confined; in 1826, all the foreign markets received her goods, and the home market was enlarged. In 1826, the fo. reign trade of France employed 8335 vessels, 659,391 tons, and 61,970 men. From 1816 to 1826, the direct taxes were reduced 72,000,000, and the indirect amounted to 180. In 1816 she was overwhelmed with frightful engagements; in 1826, all the expenses of the occupation and ar. rears had been paid off three years; the first three fifths of 30,000,000 of rents, created to indemnify the proprietors dispossessed by the revolution, were issued without having affected the price of stocks.

The revenue of France is large and increasing, as will be seen by the following comparative statement of the produce of the revenue for the first nine months of 1826, with the produce of the revenue realized during the same nine months for 1825.

RESUMING the history of the Peninsula where we left it the last year, we proceed, without any prefatory remarks, to describe the organization, progress and conclusion of the Spanish invasion of PORTUGAL, and for the sake of regularity and succinctness we shall complete the account of the latter kingdom before giving that of Spain.

Notwithstanding the apparent cordiality with which don Pedro's constitution was received in Lisbon and other parts of the kingdom, elements of disaffection ex. isted, which soon began to embarrass the movements of the regency. There was a servile party, consisting of many priests, a few nobles, and some of the military officers, who felt irrecon

cilably hostile to the introduction or spread of liberal principles in whatever shape. Through the want of any better point of union, rather than from admiration of the character of the individual, this party rallied around the name of the absent don Miguel. They were secretly assisted by the queen dowager, who, although subject to a kind of honourable confinement at Queluz, was unceasing in her efforts to disturb the new orders of things. The marquis of Chaves, better known in Europe as count Amarante, was an aid of lord Wellington's during the peninsular war. Being a particular friend of don Miguel's, and greatly in favour with the queen mother, and also possessed of great possessions in the northern part of the king.