tlə were pressed upon the attention of the British cabinet with much urgency, and excited apprehensions, which, if deserving of any regard, should have been better weighed when the treaty of London was concluded. A collision between the Turks and the three powers, was so clearly the natural, almost the necessary, sequel to the treaty, that such apprehensions were altogether mistimed, after the irrevocable step was taken. If the battle was precipitately fought, it was indeed too late to lament the fact; because, no concessions on the part of the allies, short of an abandonment of their object, would be likely to appease the indignation of the Porte.

When Ibrahim Pacha was informed of this disastrous discom. fiture, he fell back upon Coron, and put to the sword his Greek prisoners, either in revenge of the defeat, or from anticipated scarcity of provisions, leaving the flags of the allies floating upon the ramparts of Navarino. He was on his way to Patras, to relieve the garrison, then hard pressed by the Greeks, and in want of ammunition and provisions; but he immediately desisted from his purpose. As the Turkish troops in the Morea would soon be distressed for want of supplies, and as they could not know the future intentions of the allies, great consternation prevailed among the Arab soldiers, quartered over the Morea.

And from Ibrahim's movements, it was evident that he was preparing to send back a part of his troops, and probably to evacuate all the open country, which his own ravages had rendered utterly incapable of supporting an army. In fact, the battle of Navarino in a manner terminated the war as between the Greeks and Turks. Despatches were sent from the admirals to ge. neral Church and lord Cochrane, at the Greek camp at Vostizza, requiring them to observe the armistice, which had been so effectually forced upon the enemy. Excepting the expedition against Scio, undertaken by colonel Fabvier, and the consequent landing upon that island in the beginning of December, no great movement of a hostile nature was attempted, either by Ibrahim or the Greeks.

Immediately after the battle of Navarino, Sir Edward Codrington issued orders that all vessels sailing for the Dardanelles, should be stopped; and took measures to communicate intelligence of the event to the ambassadors of the three powers at Constantinople, by the speediest means, in order to place them on their guard, it being impossible to foresee with certain. ty what would be the effect of the defeat upon the Turkish government and people. Serious apprehensions were entertained that the populace, exasperated by bigotry and resentment, might every where

rise upon the Franks, and murder them all indiscriminately. At Smyrna, for several days after the news arrived, great consternation prevailed among the christians, and all classes of the population partook of the excitement naturally occasioned by such an unexpected catastrophe. The English and French men of war stood in readiness to cannonade the town, in case their countrymen were molested. Happily, however, no outrage was committed, and the Europeans were permitted to pursue their usual avocations, after the first effervescence had subsided. Even Mo. hammed Ali, who received the news by an Egyptian corvette, restrained his own passions, and those of his subjects, so that Alexandria continued in perfect tranquillity. The singular equanimity of the viceroy on this occasion, arose, no doubt, from his being perfectly prepared for the catas. trophe, which he had warned the Porte must take place, soon after he heard the treaty of mediation had been concluded. And, contrary to the expectations generally entertained in Europe, when the event became known at Constantinople, in the beginning of November, no explosion took place, no ebullition of popular fury testified the rage, confusion, and dismay which reigned in every breast. Among the peculiarities which signalized these memorable events,

the tranquillity which prevailed on this occasion in the capital was not the least remarkable. It struck all observers the more, because it seemed to indicate a settled purpose of dogged resentment; and foreigners in the capital every moment expected an order from the sultan commanding the standard of the prophet again to be display. ed on the mosque of St. Sophia, and a general arming to take place throughout the Ottoman empire.

We left the ambassadors at a period, when, according to the strict interpretation of their last note, the negotiations would have been at an end. But they continued to be protracted until the 28th of October, when the ambassadors received news of the battle, a few days before it became known to the Porte or the public. Three days afterwards, they inquired of the Reis Effendi what instructions had been sent to Ibrahim by the Porte, and in what light the latter would regard any hostile operations between him and the squadrons of the allies; but the Reis Effendi refused to give information upon the subject. On the 5th of November, there was a grand meeting of the Divan, at the residence of the Mufti, whose resolution was, to claim of the allies full indemnity for the destruction of the Turkish and Egyptian fleets, as a condition indispensable to the maintenance of peace. To this demand, the

ambassadors replied on the 10th, that the battle of Navarino arose from an act of aggression on the part of the Turks, which destroyed all claim of the Porte to indemnity; and also, that the Porte might have prevented the possibility of such an occurrence, by seasonably listening to the counsels of modera. tion. The negotiations continued until the 24th of November, when the ambassadors, before leaving Constantinople, once more and finally invited the Porte to accept their mediation, and acknowledge the armistice. Of course, this invitation met with the same fate as its predecessors; and on the 8th of December, Mr. Stratford Canning and count Guilleminot left Constantinople for Corfu, and the marquis de Ribeaupierre also quit ted it for Odessa; and thus the relations of amity between their respective countries and the Porte, were dissolved. Every thing in Constantinople demonstrated that the infatuated Turks were about to rush into war against a combination of the most powerful states of Europe. But the history of the sub. sequent events rightly belongs to the ensuing year, as until then the Porte made no official declaration

of its views and intentions; and at this point, therefore, it is proper our narrative should be suspended.

At this point, then, we leave the history of Europe for 1827. Neither of the northern states having been the scene of important events during that period, we have abstained from making them severally the subjects of separate remark; omitting, for the same reason, to give a particular account of Austria and Italy. This consideration does not in strictness apply to Russia, which, after the removal of general Yarmoloff, from the government of Georgia and Caucasia, and through the more active exertions of general Paskewitsch, his successor, gained one advantage after another over the forces of Abbas Mirza, until the capture of Tabrecz reduced the Persians to a sense of the danger of continuing the war against their powerful neighbour, and led to the conclusion of a treaty of peace. But we reserve the history of these incidents for another volume, so as to relate them in connexion with some later circumstances, all which combined, have especially served to fix the public attention upon Russia.