dent of the senate, the speaker of the house of delegates shall do so.

ARTICLE IX.

The legislature of the United States shall have the power, and it shall be their duty, to establish such courts of law, equity and admiralty, as shall be necessary.

The judges of the courts shall hold their offices during good behaviour; and receive a compensation, which shall not be increased or diminished during their continuance in office. One of these courts shall be termed the supreme court, whose jurisdiction shall extend to all cases arising under the laws of the United States, or affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls; to the trial of impeachment of officers of the United States; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction. In cases of impeachment affecting ambassadors, and other public ministers, this jurisdiction shall be original; and in all the other cases appellate.

All criminal officers (except in cases of impeachment) shall be tried in the state where they shall be committed. The trials shall be open and public, and be by jury.

ARTICLE X.

Immediately after the first census of the people of the United States, the house of delegates shall apportion the senate by electing for each state, out of the citizens resident therein, one senator for every members such state shall have in the house of delegates. Each state shall be entitled to have at least one member in the senate.

ARTICLE XI.

No state shall grant letters of marque and reprisal, or enter into treaty, or alliance, or confederation ; nor grant

any title of nobility; nor, without the consent of the legislature of the United States, lay any impost on imports; nor keep troops or ships of war in time of peace; nor enter into any compacts with other states or foreign powers, or emit bills of credit, or make any thing but gold, silver, or copper a tender in payment of debts ; nor engage in war, except for self defence when actually invaded, or the danger of invasion is so great as not to admit of a delay until the government of the United States can be informed thereof. And to render these prohibitions effectual, the legislature of the United States shall have the power to revise the laws of the several states that may be supposed to infringe the powers exclusively delegated by this constitution to congress, and to negative and annul such as do.

ARTICLE XII.

The citizens of each state shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens in the several states. Any person, charged with crimes in any state, fleeing from justice to another, shall, on demand of the execu tive of the state from which he fled, be delivered up, and removed to the state having jurisdiction of the offence.

ARTICLE XIII.

Full faith shall be given, in each state, to the acts of the legislature and to the records and judicial proceedings of the courts and magistrates of every state.

ARTICLE XIV.

The legislature shall have power to admit new states into the union on the same terms with the original states ; provided two thirds of the members present in both houses agree.

ARTICLE XV.

On the application of the legislature of a state, the

United States shall protect it against domestic insurrection.

ARTICLE XVI.

If two thirds of the legislatures of the states apply for the same, the legislature of the United States shall call a convention for the purpose of amending the constitution : or, should congress, with the consent of two thirds of each house, propose to the states amendments to the same, the agreement of two thirds of the legislatures of the states shall be sufficient to make the said amendments parts of the constitution.

The ratification of the

conventions of

states shall be sufficient for organizing this constitution.

PROPOSITIONS

OFFERED TO THE CONVENTION BY THE HONORABLE MR. PATTERSON, JUNE 15, 1787.

1. Resolved, That the articles of confederation ought to be so revised, corrected, and enlarged, as to render the federal constitution adequate to the exigencies of government, and the preservation of the union.

2. Resolved, That in addition to the powers vested in the United States in congress, by the present existing articles of confederation, they be authorised to pass acts for raising a revenue, by levying a duty or duties on all goods and merchandize of foreign growth or manufacture, imported into any part of the United States-by stamps on paper, vellum, or parchment, and by a postage on all letters and packages passing through the general post office—to be applied to such federal purposes as they shall deem proper and expedient; to make rules and regulations for the collection thereof; and the same from time to time to alter and amend, in such manner as they shall

think proper. To pass acts for the regulation of trade and commerce, as well with foreign nations as with each other; provided, that all punishments, fines, forfeitures, and penalties, to be incurred for contravening such rules and regulations, shall be adjudged by the common law judiciary of the states in which any offence contrary to the true intent and meaning of such rules and regulations shall be committed or perpetrated; with liberty of commencing, in the first instance, all suits or prosecutions for that purpose, in the superior common law judiciary of such state; subject, nevertheless, to an appeal for the correction of all errors, both in law and fact, in rendering judgment, to the judiciary of the United States.

3. Resolved, That whenever requisitions shall be necessary, instead of the present rule, the United States in congress be authorised to make such requisitions in proportion to the whole number of white and other free citizens and inhabitants of every age, sex, and condition, including those bound to servitude for a term of years, and three fifths of all other persons not comprehended in the foregoing description, except Indians not paying taxes; that if such requisitions be not complied with in the time to be specified therein, to direct the collection thereof in the non-complying states; and for that purpose to devise and pass acts directing and authorising the same; provided, that none of the powers hereby vested in the United States in congress, shall be exercised without the consent of at least states; and in that proportion, if the number of confederated states should be hereafter increased or diminished.

4. Resolved, That the United States in congress be authorised to clect a federal executive to consist of persons, to continue in office for the term of

years;

to receive punctually, at stated times, a fixed compensation for the services by them rendered, in which no increase or diminution shall be made, so as to affect the

persons composing the executive at the time of such increase or diminution; to be paid out of the federal treasury; to be incapable of holding any other office or appointment during their time of service, and for years thereafter; to be ineligible a second time, and removeable on impeachment and conviction for malpractices or neglect of duty, by congress, on application by a majority of the executives of the several states. That the executive, besides a general authority to execute the federal acts, ought to appoint all federal officers not otherwise provided for, and to direct all military operations; provided, that none of the persons composing the federal executive shall, on any occasion, take command of any troops, so as personally to conduct any military enterprise as general or in any other capacity.

5. Resolved, That a federal judiciary be established, to consist of a supreme tribunal, the judges of which to be appointed by the executive, and to hold their offices during good behaviour; to receive punctually, at stated times, a fixed compensation for their services, in which no increase or diminution shall be made, so as to affect the persons actually in office at the time of such increase or diminution. That the judiciary, so established, shall have authority to hear and determine, in the first instance, on all impeachments of federal officers; and by way of appeal, in the dernier resort, in all cases touching the rights and privileges of ambassadors; in all cases of captures from an enemy; in all cases of piracies and felonies on the high seas; in all cases in which foreigners may be interested, in the construction of any treaty or treaties, or which may arise on any act or ordinance of congress for the regulation of trade, or the collection of the federal revenue. That none of the judiciary officers shall, during the time they remain in office, be capable of receiving or holding any other office or appointment during their term of service, or for thereafter.