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of sending more volunteers to the countries where the program is already in operation rather than pioneering in new countries.

All of the evidence available to the committee indicates that the Peace Corps volunteers are rendering useful services to the countries where they are working, that they are well liked, and that more are desired.

Another question that many of us had in mind when the Peace Corps was proposed initially was whether or not an adequate supply of volunteers would be available. Again, the record speaks for itself.

There are three times as many applicants today as there were a year ago. Only one applicant in seven actually becomes an oversea volunteer. Nevertheless, there is no indication that the supply of volunteers will fail to keep pace with the demand in the foreseeable future.

The bill authorizes $102 million for fiscal 1964. The appropriation for fiscal 1963 was $59 million, of which $3,870,000 was returned to the Treasury. The original request made by the Executive was for $108 million, which was reduced to $102 million last October at the time of the committee's hearings on the Peace Corps legislation.

The decision as to how much money should be voted for the Peace Corps is basically a decision as to how many Peace Corps volunteers should be sent overseas. It costs $9,000 a year to train, transport, and maintain a volunteer. The read$75 a month justment allowance of $75 a month which each volunteer gets upon his return to the United States after completion of his service is only a small part of the annual cost. The largest cost items are for training, transportation and living allowances while stationed abroad. All volunteers are given 6 to 8 weeks of language training, as well as other preparation for their assignments. Most of this training is carried out at various universities in the United States and in Puerto Rico. The administrative costs of the program decrease as the number of volunteers becomes larger. It is estimated that in fiscal 1964 administrative expenses will amount to only 19 percent

of the total cost.

The Executive has requested $102 million for fiscal 1964 in order to build up to lion for fiscal 1964 in order to build up to a level of 11,300 volunteers by August, 1964. There are approximately 7,000 volunteers overseas at the present time. Last year the Peace Corps announced its goal as being 10,000 volunteers which would cost approximately $90 million a year to maintain. When the appropriation last year was reduced to $59 million, the Peace Corps reduced its planned level to 9,000 volunteers. During fiscal 1963 this level was not attained, and in August only 6,600 volunteers were on board. This delay in building up the organization was due to two factors:

First, it was decided to increase the length of the training period in order that more training in languages could be given. This slowed down the rate of increase.

The other reason was that the programs in different countries required grams in different countries required volunteers with specialized backgrounds volunteers with specialized backgrounds in many instances, such as, teachers of science and persons with agricultural science and persons with agricultural training. It was more difficult to recruit people of this kind than some others, but the rate of recruitment was adjusted to the availability of the required skills rather than filling up the organization with whatever kinds of volunteers happened to be most readily available.

As a result of this delay, the Peace Corps returned $3,870,000 to the Treasury Corps returned $3,870,000 to the Treasury at the end of the last fiscal year. at the end of the last fiscal year. The evidence indicates that the Peace Corps has been prudent in its handling of the taxpayers' money. It has not recruited taxpayers' money. It has not recruited volunteers as fast as possible within the limit of the funds available and has returned money to the Treasury rather than obligate it for low priority requirements.

It was the feeling of the committee that this conscientious use of funds by the Peace Corps deserved commendation and encouragement. We, therefore, approved the entire amount requested in the belief that should the Peace Corps the belief that should the Peace Corps during fiscal 1964 find it impossible or undesirable to expand up to the level of undesirable to expand up to the level of 11,300 volunteers as programed, the unneeded funds would be conserved and returned to the Treasury.

The reason why the Peace Corps has decided to build the number of volunteers above the 9,000 or 10,000 level contemplated last year is the increased demand for volunteers from the countries of Latin America and from Africa. In of Latin America and from Africa. In both these areas, the lack of teachers and of skilled technicians is particularly serious. These countries need teachers, nurses, tractor mechanics, surveyors, and other technicians who are ready to work

at their specialties.

Let me remind you that when a Peace Corps volunteer is stationed in a foreign country, he is not working on something called a Peace Corps project; he is working at some operation being carried working at some operation being carried on, directed and financed by the Governon, directed and financed by the Government or some other entity in the country where he is located. If he is a teacher, he works as a teacher in a school under the direction of the education authorities which run the school along with

local teachers. If he is working on a highway project, he works under the local highway authorities as a surveyor or engineer, or in whatever capacity his skill permits. In hospitals and health centers, Peace Corps volunteers are serving as nurses and technicians along

with local people.

The need for people with the skills possessed by Peace Corps volunteers in the less developed countries is self-evident. The record shows that the Peace

Corps has been remarkably successful in helping to meet this need.

I will not discuss in detail the 16 amendments to the basic Peace Corps amendments to the basic Peace Corps Act which the bill contains. Each of them is described in the committee report, which I commend to your attention.

I would like to say a word, however, about section 8 of the bill which deals about section 8 of the bill which deals with encouragement of voluntary serv

ice programs. The Executive requested authority to use Peace Corps funds to finance the International Peace Corps Secretariat and to assist other nations in organizing and operating peace corps of of their own. The committee was firmly opposed to the use of Peace Corps funds in this manner.

The committee recognized, however, that there are a number of countries in the world, particularly those in Europe, whose citizens are possessed of skills which would be of great value to the less developed countries and were willing to volunteer to serve in these countries under arrangements similar to those of our own Peace Corps. We believe that it was desirable for the United States to encourage these countries to develop voluntary service programs of this kind and to give them the benefit of the knowledge and skills which we had derived as a result of our own experience with the Peace Corps.

Section 8 of the bill prohibits the contribution of Peace Corps funds to any international organization or to any country. It authorizes, however, the Peace Corps to provide knowledge and skills to countries, or international organizations, within a limit of expenditures of $300,000 for fiscal year 1964. The knowledge and skills which may be provided are limited to the selection, training and programing of volunteer man

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I urge you to judge the Peace Corps on its record. Just as the fears that many of us had at the beginning have proved to be groundless, I think the fears that are expressed about the future of the Peace Corps will also prove groundless.

The administration of the Peace Corps has been careful of the taxpayers' money and has held its rate of expansion within realistic limits.

There is every reason to believe that the record in fiscal 1964 will be as good as the record for fiscal 1963 has been. At the end of fiscal 1964 we will all have an opportunity to evaluate what has been done and to consider what should be done in the future. The Peace Corps today, however, has shown itself worthy of our support, and I urge the approval of this bill.

Mr. GIBBONS. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield?

Mr. MORGAN. I yield to the gentleman from Florida [Mr. GIBBONS].

Mr. GIBBONS. I wish to address my questions, Mr. Chairman, to title III. Do you have a copy of it over there?

First of all, let me say in preface to my questions that I believe in the Peace Corps and I think it is doing a fine job in meeting the requirements that are outlined here, but I am worried about the words "or areas" on line 24, page 5,

and line 1 of the next page-"or areas." Does the committee mean by that those are foreign countries or foreign areas, or domestic areas?

opportunity to visit a leprosarium outside that city. There are about 2,500 There are about 2,500 patients in this particular leprosarium. There have been three Peace Corps vol

Mr. MORGAN. No. Those are for- unteers in that establishment. On the eign countries, foreign areas.

Mr. GIBBONS. There is no intention on the part of the committee to allow any of this $300,000 to be spent for the establishment of a so-called Domestic Peace Corps or National Service Corps? Mr. MORGAN. Absolutely not. Mr. GIBBONS. Thank you. Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. Mr. Chairman, I yield myself 10 minutes.

Mr. Chairman, the chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs has given us a good indication of what is proposed in this bill, H.R. 9009. I rise in support of this legislation. I only wish I could answer all of the questions which have already been asked of me since I came on the floor.

I would like to begin by a brief comment with respect to the remarks of the gentleman from Missouri about the adequacy of the hearings. It so happened that I was in southeast Asia at the time, so I was not actually a participant in those hearings. I would agree with him that committee hearings should be as substantial as possible. It might well have been advisable to seek out, for their opinions and advice, some of the private organizations which are interested in the same area of effort as the Peace Corps. And yet my impression is that there is more than enough room for all of the private efforts now underway as well as the Peace Corps itself. So far as I know, there is harmony between the private and the governmental efforts.

The needs are so enormous that we do not need to worry about possible overlapping of efforts, or a diminution or lack of interest on the part of private organizations because of the activities of the Peace Corps.

It seems to me important that we recognize that this program is one of the least expensive, and probably one of the most productive, ways in which we can demonstrate our interest in the problems of other people.

The gentleman from Missouri criticized this program as a "holy cow," as not being a person-to-person program but one which involves government with government. In answer to that contention, I would like to point out that any private effort, missionary or otherwise, can only operate within a foreign country with the permission of that government. In some cases missionaries have been forced to leave certain countries. The Ford Foundation, as I recall, was obliged to leave Burma because it was no longer considered acceptable to the Government of that country.

On the other hand, how can we truthfully say that the Peace Corps does not represent a person-to-person effort? I say this because our trip to Asia took us both to Malaysia, where we have a program involving 260 Peace Corps volunteers, and to the Philippines, where we have one of our more substantial programs, involving 474 individuals. On our trip to Kuala Lumpur, capital of Malaysia, part of our study mission had the

day of our visit, two volunteers had already returned home and there was only one young lady left there. Her name, I one young lady left there. Her name, I might add, is Miss Sadie Stout, of Arkansas City, Kans. She impressed us all very deeply with her intelligence and very deeply with her intelligence and her devotion to the job she was doing. We were also impressed by the respect in which she and her covolunteers were held by those who worked with them.

It was our understanding that this American effort, small as it was in numbers, had made a very substantial impact on the Malaysians themselves. The volunteers had encouraged the Malaysian people to join in working at this institution. When we discuss this program, therefore, we need to keep in mind the very real amount of good it does.

The chairman has indicated that this program has been slow to develop and that a great effort has been made to recruit volunteers with care and to give them adequate training. Recently the training program has been lengthened.

There has been increased emphasis on learning the language of the areas to which the volunteers will go. In various ways, I think it is fair to say, the Peace Corps has learned by experience. It has significantly improved the recruitment and selection of individuals.

Mr. Chairman, there is going to be a major discussion about the rate at which the Peace Corps should expand. Questions will be asked also about its capacity to expand as quickly as would be possible if this full authorization of $102 million should be approved.

I do not suppose any of us can tell with any positiveness how quickly a quality establishment can be recruited. However, I would think it would be the path of wisdom for us to approve the authorization recommended by the full Committee on Foreign Affairs.

Mr. Chairman, I have in front of me a letter which has been circulated to some of the membership of the House, signed by four members of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, which claims that the Peace Corps has had consistent difficulty in obtaining the number of volunteers scheduled, and by the admission of its Director, can only do so by lowering the standards of selection, which is not contemplated.

I have indicated that I was not here for the hearings, but my reading of the hearings would not support such a contention.

We all know that the goal of 9,000 volunteers by the end of the last fiscal year was not achieved. That this was the case, I believe, should be a source of congratulations rather than a source of concern. The goal was not reached because the Peace Corps was deeply determined to maintain the quality of those they did select.

Mr. Chairman, I do not think we should now decide that we should make it impossible to go ahead with the proposed expansion. This is an expansion which has been anticipated since the pro

gram was first set up. Certainly we should not hold down the proposed expansion simply because they did not meet their goals last June 30.

Mr. Chairman, I do not believe that the Director of the Peace Corps, in testimony before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, admitted that the only way in which the proposed expansion could be made would be by lowering the standards of selection. Quite the contrary. My feeling was that he suggested that the applications were coming in in such volume, as the chairman of the full committee has pointed out, that we would be able to maintain, and even improve, our standards and still meet the goals.

Furthermore, I think it should be pointed out that the experience in the last fiscal year should be an indication of what may lie ahead, if we should allow this authorization. The Peace Corps deliberately did not expand its roster to the full 9,000 authorized. Consequently, just under $4 million which was available to the Peace Corps was not utilized.

If it should not reach its goal of 11,300 volunteers in this current fiscal year, I think we could reasonably anticipate that some of the money available to the program would not be utilized.

Mr. Chairman, we would be very uncharitable and illogical if we should conclude that because the money is available they are inevitably going to expend it.

Therefore, I do hope that we will think twice before we support a major cut of the kind which I understand is contemplated. The amount of the proposed cut, I might add, was not spelled out in the letter which was circulated to some of the membership.

Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield?

Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. I would be glad to yield to the gentleman from Kentucky.

Mr. SNYDER. I have several questions that I would like to ask the gentleman from New Jersey.

A recent publication quotes one Douglas Kiker, who signs the mail as Chief of the Public Information Division of the Peace Corps, as saying-this is in regard to sending Peace Corps volunteers to Indonesia to help Sukarno who is a known Communist-the following:

You can be sure we're not going to send any flag-wavers over there, any kids with the Declaration of Independence tattooed on their chests. All our people will be acceptable to Sukarno.

I wrote to Mr. Kiker and asked him about this. He wrote back the following:

Our belief is that the volunteers would be a continuing source of controversy if they went to all these countries with the professed duty of "preaching" the democratic free-enterprise system to the local citizens.

My question would be this: What system does the testimony indicate they are "preaching" to these people?

Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. In answer to the gentleman, I did not see the reference to which the gentleman refers until a few minutes ago, so I have not been able to check the facts. My feeling is the Peace Corps volunteers are not primarily engaged in political activity

of any kind. In my opinion it would be maximum of 125 volunteers to work with inadvisable for them to do that.

The gentleman has suggested that the Peace Corps volunteers being sent to Indonesia are being sent to help Sukarno. I think that is an unfair way to put it. There are approximately 17 volunteers in Indonesia. As far as I know they are experts in physical education. To what extent, and in what way, the development of the capacities of young Indonesians in the field of physical education would be helping Sukarno is a question. I would not think that the so-called leadership of Sukarno would be in any way affected by those 17 volunteers. I think this is an unfortunate description of why they are being sent to that country.

Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Kiker's letter to me in effect indicates it is the custom to send Peace Corps volunteers that are acceptable to the leadership of the country. If they are acceptable to Sukarno and they are not over there to preach, as he says, "the democratic free enterprise system to local citizens." He says that

if they did they would be put out. Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. The gentleman is not arguing, I hope, that we could expect to send volunteers to coun

tries that are not willing to accept them,

whether or not they are going to preach when they get there, or whether the

group is a governmental or private group. There has to be clearance by the authorities in the countries to which the volunteers go in order to have them get there. One of the surest ways to have them ousted as soon as they get there is for them to preach the overthrow of the existing government of that country. It would be well to keep out of the political problems of the kind the gentleman is describing.

Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield?

Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. I yield to the gentleman from Pennsylvania.

I

Mr. MORGAN. I want to inform the gentleman from Kentucky that each Peace Corps volunteer is given a handbook as a guide for his conduct. should like to read one of the paragraphs which appears on page 46 in the hearings. The Director of the Peace Corps, Mr. Shriver, put in this quotation from the handbook, and I think that will answer the question.

It reads as follows:

We hope you will represent the best in your country with honesty and with dignity, and that you will explain American principles and problems to the honest doubter and the curious. You are likely to be most effective if you speak from your personal beliefs and experience. Bear in mind, however, that the Peace Corps purpose is service. Your equipment does not include a soapbox. Answer detractors through hard work and accomplishment, not in political debate (pp. 16-17).

Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. I thank the gentleman.

Mr. SNYDER. Am I correct in my belief that about 125 volunteers are set aside for the United Nations to strengthen the U.N.; is that correct?

Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN.

the United Nations and its specialized agencies such as the Food and Agriculture Organization. There is no increase recommended in this bill.

Mr. SNYDER. Am I also correct in my assumption that Peace Corps trainees are trained for approximately 4 months, during which time they are supposed to learn the language and customs of the country they are going to? Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. There is a very intensive instructional program in the language of the country to which they are going, including a training period of up to 120 days. I think that is the normal length of the training program.

Mr. SNYDER. I have been told that a Peace Corps staff officer by the name of John Cort draws $10,645 a year, and it cost $13,150 to send him and his family to his station, is that correct?

Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. Again I have no specific information about the case to which the gentleman refers. As I understood from the facts available to him, this family was composed of nine children. If this big a family was sent to the Philippines I would think it would cost that much. However, I would not attempt to argue with the gentleman

about the validity of those figures.

Mr. SNYDER. These questions come

from a constituent of mine in a letter. That is why I would like to get the answer. This constituent indicates that Wheaton College and Berea College, which happens to be in Kentucky, are not acceptable to the Peace Corps because they are "too religiously oriented." She quotes from a publication known as Christianity Today, issue of December 21, 1962. Does the gentleman

know whether that is correct or not?

Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. Again, I am not a regular reader of Christianity Today.

Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield?

Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. I yield to I yield to the gentleman from Pennsylvania.

Mr. MORGAN. Let me make the rec

ord clear on this point. There is no ground to the accusation of religious discrimination by the Peace Corps in the selection of training institutions. As a matter of fact, in addition to Georgetown and Notre Dame, the Peace Corps has trained at Oberlin, Chicago, Berea, and Springfield Colleges, all of which have various Protestant affiliations.

In addition, a Peace Corps official who is an ordained Baptist minister, will be busy making the annual address at Wheaton College tomorrow.

Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield 10 minutes to the gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. ZABLOCKI].

Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Chairman, as already has been outlined by the very able and distinguished chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee, the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. MORGAN] and by the gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. MCDOWELL], the Peace Corpsmen have, indeed, proven themselves. The charge that the Peace Corps has almost no record of accomplishment, as stated in the minority report to this bill, is completely in error.

I rise in support of H.R. 9009, a bill to amend further the Peace Corps Act, as amended. I, like the gentleman from New Jersey, was not at the hearings. We happened to be in southeast Asia on a congressional study mission of which I was chairman. We were in southeast Asia to assess the military, political, and economic situation there. One of the bright spots in the picture was the study mission's observation of the fine work being done by the American Peace Corps.

As the gentleman from New Jersey has stated, we visited the leprosarium in Selangor near Kuala Lumpur, in Malaysia.

One could not help but feel a real

sense of pride in these Americans toiling far from their homes and loved ones, not

in the big cities but in the hinterland.

Right on the boundary between Malaysia and Thailand was a single Peace Corps girl working not only in the field of nursing but also at giving the people of her region the real image of what

America stands for.

Besides the volunteeers in the leprosarium, there are others employed in the district hospitals in Malaysia, in rural health centers, in yaws and tuberculosis control programs, or engaged in child and infant care.

Other volunteers in Malaysia are teachers, 4-H project leaders, and rural development workers. Among the latter occupation group are architects in charge of school construction, heavy equipment operators, and surveyors engaged in road construction, foresters and soil analysts who are mapping the forests to provide information necessary for land-use planning.

The Malaysia press has been almost unanimously complimentary on the subject of the Peace Corps. Its Government is among those which have requested more volunteers-and is willing to contribute to their upkeep.

Right now, for example, the Malaysian Government provides 70 percent of volunteer housing and basic furnishings. Mr. SNYDER. I thank both gentle- They also supply uniforms for nurses, men.

transportation on work assignments,

Mr. JOHANSEN. Mr. Chairman, will medical care and general equipment on the gentleman yield? the same basis as that provided for Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. I yield to Malaysian civil servants. the gentleman from Michigan.

Mr. JOHANSEN. In view of the chairman's reference to the instructions for the Peace Corps members not to take soapboxes along, I wonder if they can give assurance that in countries such as Sukarno's the hosts are admonished not to have soapboxes to expound their

thority is in the legislation now for a ideologies.

The reputation of the Peace Corps was high in the Philippines which we also visited. There we were told of the many accomplishments of the 474 volunteers working throughout the Philippine Islands. Most of this group were teachers, working in 350 rural elementary schools, high schools, normal schools and colleges.

The impact of these young people on Philippine education has been notable. According to Philippine officials, the volunteers are making important progress in giving the average Filipino a better education and, consequently, a better chance in life.

As an expression of the high regard in which the Peace Corps is held in the Philippines and elsewhere throughout Asia, its volunteers working in the Far East and the Pacific were given the 1963 Ramon Magsaysay Award for International Understanding. This award is known as the Asian Nobel Prize.

Is this not an instance of evidence of accomplishment in fact?

Director Shriver, who received the award on behalf of the volunteers in a ceremony in Manila last August, has called it, and I quote "The finest tribute the Peace Corps volunteers have received."

More than that, however, it is the best possible advertisement for the United States and the American way of life. Through their collective efforts, the Peace Corps volunteers are showing the world what Americans are really like.

The accomplishments of the Peace Corps have been recognized by most of those who originally opposed the creation of the program. Yet there are individuals who oppose the modest expansion of the program included in the legislation now before this body.

Their opposition, they say, is based on the fear that the Peace Corps will grow too big, too cumbersome, too bureaucratic. I share their concern about this eventuality, but I do not fear that it will occur with the modest expansion provided in the pending legislation.

Let us fear that the Peace Corps is too big when the number of volunteers begins to approximate the number of requests for volunteers.

We know that this is far from the case now. Although the Peace Corps now has volunteers at work in 46 countries, some 20 more countries have had to be turned down in their requests for

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been toward attaining tighter and higher requirements for more technically qualified volunteers.

As the result of 2 years experience and continuous research into what makes a good Peace Corps volunteer, selection procedures and criteria have improved. This improvement is reflected in the quality of the young men and women we are sending abroad as representatives of our Nation.

No, Mr. Chairman, I have no fear that with the passage of this bill, the Peace Corps will abandon its hard scrabble, pioneer stance to wander down the primrose lane of bureaucratic bigness.

Rather, I have every confidence that the Peace Corps, under the able leadership of Director Shriver and his staff, will continue the fine record of achievement which has been compiled in the first 2 years of the program's existence.

History will call the Peace Corps one of the finest products of American genius. We cannot abandon that genius

now.

Two years ago, when this body passed the original Peace Corps Act, we were directly instrumental in putting America's best foot forward. Now, Mr. Chairman, the time has come to take another step. Therefore, I very strongly recommend that the bill be passed as it has been recommended out of our committee.

funds requested have been approved by the committee in the belief that they will be used prudently.

Mr. Chairman, not only do I feel the argument that I have described is unwise, I also feel that it is unwarranted. There is every indication that the Peace Corps will have 11,300 well-qualified volunteers on board by the end of next summer. The American people are continuing to respond to the challenge of the Peace Corps-and they are responding in everincreasing numbers-4,338 applications were received last month, compared with 2,342 for October 1962. In fact, yesterday no less than 537 people applied for the Peace Corps.

Mr. Chairman, I think these figures I have just mentioned are a fine tribute to the American people. They also demonstrate that the Peace Corps is going full steam ahead and will meet its goals. In setting its goals for this year, the Peace Corps has taken into account its shortfall of last year. It has reduced its goal from 13,000 to 11,300 volunteers and, consequently, reduced its request for funds from $108 to $102 million. I think we should give this fine organization a vote of confidence; I think we should adopt the majority recommendation of the House Foreign Affairs Committee and vote the Peace Corps the $102 million that it has asked for.

Mr. Chairman, I feel that this is one of the strongest arms of our foreign

Mrs. FRANCES P. BOLTON. Mr. Chairman, I yield 5 minutes to the gen- policy. I have traveled in Africa, in the tleman from Massachusetts [Mr. CONTE].

Mr. CONTE. Mr. Chairman, the Peace Corps has since its inception shown most careful restraint in the expenditure of the U.S. taxpayers' money. Last year alone, the Peace Corps returned to the Treasury $3.9 million of unused funds. Let me make clear that the Peace Corps could easily have expended this amount, like some other agencies of Government have in the past, but chose not to. I want to state that to turn this commendable practice into an argument against authorizing all of the funds requested by the Peace Corps for fiscal year 1964 is both unwise and unwarranted.

It is unwise, Mr. Chairman, because we want to encourage all Government agencies to show the type of restraint that the Peace Corps has demonstrated. It is clear that the Peace Corps could have met its last year's goal of 9,000 volunteers if it had chosen to do so and thus could have expended those $4 million, for the Peace Corps received over 32,000 applications last year, which is far more than enough to create a 9,000man Peace Corps. But the Peace Corps voluntarily chose to raise even higher its selection standards. It also chose to try to fulfill requests of countries overseas for certain hard-to-find skills rather than send over persons with difficult skills which were not specifically requested. Thus I certainly want to add my support to the statement made by the House Foreign Affairs Committee in their majority report that:

The restraint that has characterized the administration [of the Peace Corps] should be encouraged. The full amount of the

Far East, and in the Middle East. I have seen the members of the Peace Corps out in the jungles around the world. I have seen these areas where they have 98 percent illiteracy. And if it were not for a member of the Peace Corps, living out in their jungles in a tent or in a hut, or in a little trailer, along with another member of the Peace Corps, educating these children-if it were not for these members, such education would not be available to these poor, unfortunate people out in the farflung jungles of the world. I have seen areas where they had to travel for miles and miles and miles, over dirt roads, or on the back of a donkey, or water buffalo without finding a nurse or a doctor to care for the ills of these poor people afflicted with malaria, yaws, dysentery, or any one of the many other tropical diseases.

I have seen 4-H members now in the Peace Corps working in a school feeding program-irrigation work, animal husbandry-helping and teaching the downtrodden how to produce crops to sustain themselves from starvation.

I have seen members of the Peace Corps working in a project of self-help community development in Africa, laying out roads, building bridges and culverts, schools, and water systems.

Mr. Chairman, I hope this honorable body will vote this authorization bill in full today.

Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield 1 minute to the gentleman from California [Mr. LEGGETT].

Mr. LEGGETT. Mr. Chairman, it is with a sense of amazement that I have been sitting here listening to a debate as to whether we should cut from the Peace Corps budget request a figure

amounting to some 10 or 20 percent of the total.

I am firmly convinced that the Peace Corps is achieving, with a striking degree of success, the goals which were established for it. And I believe that they have worked toward those goals wisely and responsibly, never sacrificing quality for the sake of quantity. Every indication available to us seems to support me in those convictions.

If any Member of this House believes that the Peace Corps has failed or that it is destined to fail in the coming year, I would be delighted to discuss with him whether it should continue to exist at all. But I cannot understand what is to be gained by the saving of 10 or 20 percent of the Peace Corps request at the cost of crippling that agency during the coming year, and perhaps permanently.

I have heard nothing so far which supports the assertion that $85 million is a more suitable level of authorization for the Peace Corps than $102 or $50 or $2 million. Until we have an indication that some portion of their request is indeed marginal-that some can be spared and some cannot-I maintain that we should give them the full amount or nothing at all. On the basis of the Peace Corps performance during the past 22 years, I am sure that we would not be making a mistake in giving them the full

amount.

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Two months ago the Birch publications called it defeat for capitalism and appeasement for the United States to

sell wheat behind the Iron Curtain, un

American to limit our armaments in any way and arm ourselves to the teeth.

It is significant that yesterday's issue of U.S. News & World Report concluded

now before us? In answering that quesIn answering that question to ourselves we should ask why has the Peace Corps not fulfilled its past commitment that they had made, of recommitment that they had made, of recruiting some 9,000 members by August cruiting some 9,000 members by August of this year. What is the reason for this? I think if we examine carefully into the matter we will find that the Peace Corps raised the criteria for the selection of their people.

In other words, they specifically have changed from a training requirement of 140 hours in languages to 280 hours of training in languages. This has, in eftraining in languages. This has, in effect, resulted in a slowing-down influfect, resulted in a slowing-down influence on their recruitment. For this action, I think they should be commended. I do not believe that we in the Congress should be in a position of penalizing them for having tightened up and improved the criteria and quality of the members of the Peace Corps as they go about getting into this occupation.

Now, Mr. Chairman, in the minority report they say that they heard only from Sargent Shriver who is the head of the Peace Corps, in rather salutary terms. The minority report says that "against these accomplishments, by public relations, we have almost no evidence of accomplishment in fact."

Now, Mr. Chairman, I do not know of another committee in Congress that has been furnished more information about an activity of Government than we have in the Committee on Foreign Affairs with respect to the Peace Corps.

Mr. Chairman, I hold in my hand three

volumes, "The Story of the Peace Corps member of the Committee on Foreign AfVolunteers," and it was furnished every fairs. It has a long index. Under the index it reads "What We Were Told To Do" under the first heading. The next heading is "What We Achieved." The Go and What It Would Cost." next heading is "Where We Propose To

Now, Mr. Chairman, under each of those headings it is broken down so that anyone who really wanted to dig deeply

1 percent of that 10 percent will be finally selected.

Mr. Chairman, these are statistics which have been compiled not by a partisan individual or group. Indeed, the figures were prepared by the former Comptroller of the General Services Administration, Mr. Max Medley, who was the Comptroller of the GSA during the Eisenhower administration. He is the man who is now statistical adviser to the Peace Corps. He has made the estimate that the Peace Corps will have 65,000 volunteer applications of which they expect to recruit approximately 10 percent.

Mr. Chairman, I think we should support the Peace Corps in this instance, and vote the authorization that was overwhelmingly approved by the Committee on Foreign Affairs.

Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield 1 minute to the gentleman from Hawaii [Mr. MATSUNAGA].

Mr. Chairman, I

Mr. MATSUNAGA. rise in support of H.R. 9009.

Mr. Chairman, one of the greatest things that has come out of the Kennedy administration is the Peace Corps.

Several years ago, when Dr. Dana Farnsworth of Harvard University researched into the question of why our young men and women were turning to crime and delinquency, he came up with this conclusion: that our young men and women today are afflicted with one grave illness, a lack of purpose in living.

Mr. Chairman, the Peace Corps has given to our youth, and even to our elders, a new purpose in living. elders, a new purpose in living.

I may sound more like a minister than a Congressman when I say this, but what greater purpose in life can we instill in our youth than to serve one's fellow man, regardless of race, color, or creed, toward the end of peace?

This is what the Peace Corps has done.
Besides, Mr. Chairman, the Peace

Corps is the best and cheapest investment that this country has ever made

in a major editorial that the Soviets had lost the cold war because they have given up in space and now want to trade with into the Peace Corps would have ade- in international good will.

us.

U.S. News fails to recognize that the existing Democratic administration is the responsible entity that has convinced the Soviets that Birch and Smoot groups do not speak for the United States-they can trust us both in trade and space. The Peace Corps is assisting in promoting this international understanding.

Mrs. FRANCES P. BOLTON. Mr.

Chairman, I yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from New York [Mr. BARRY].

Mr. BARRY. Mr. Chairman, if there was one bill that has seemed to capture the imagination of the entire Nation, if not the entire world, it was the bill that was put before us some 3 years ago when we first passed the Peace Corps bill. I do not think since I have been in Congress that I have been identified with a more popular issue than the Peace Corps. I understand that later in the debate there will be an effort made to cut back the Peace Corps from the amount requested in this bill.

What are the reasons we should be asking as to why the Peace Corps should not be given the room to move which the committee has suggested in the bill

quate information at hand. That is only

volume I. In volume II it goes into the geographic areas of the world and tells area of the world. the story of what has happened in each

statement in the minority views is inSo, Mr. Chairman, I submit that the correct because, certainly, there has been

ample information that has been sup

plied.

Mr. Chairman, yesterday in the mail the Peace Corps received over 6,000 pieces of mail in 1 day. In conclusion, Mr. Chairman, let me point out that the method of recruiting volunteers has been substantially changed. During the last 3 years, they have been going to college campuses in the spring of the year in order to attract the graduates. The Peace Corps this year have changed that because they find most seniors have made up their minds as to where they are going to work prior to that time. So, they are beginning in the fall of this year to go out and now anticipate that of the 650,000 graduates of the colleges next year about 10 percent of them will be interested in the Peace Corps and that

Moreover, dollar for dollar, this expenditure has proven more effective in selling American democracy abroad than anything else we have ever done. The United States has spent many billions forces abroad for the sole purpose of direct expenditures in maintaining U.S. of dollars in military assistance and in our own national security, to guard

against the further territorial expansion

of communism. In South Vietnam, alone, we are spending a million and a half dollars a day.

The Peace Corps budget asked of Congress this year is puny in comparison. No money appropriated by this body was

ever spent for a better purpose, or with

greater efficiency in terms of the results

obtained.

Last year the Peace Corps operated in 46 different countries. The demand for

U.S. Peace Corps volunteers far outstrips the supply. At the beginning of this fiscal year, there were 4,393 volunteers serving overseas and 2,161 in training. Of these, 2,238 are in Africa or preparing to be assigned there. There are 2,194 in Latin America, 1,272 in the Far East, and 850 in the Near East-south Asia re

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