sage around the Cape of Good Hope, 213; its disastrous effects upon India, ib.; conquest of India by Lord Clive, ib.; his character and history, 214; Dupleix, his de- sign of establishing a Gallo-Indian empire, 217; his schemes and their success, 216; alliance of the Eng- lish and Hindoos, ib.; the hatred of the Europeans towards each other, and its results, 218, 219; progress of Clive, 219, 221; re- turns to England, 221; his recep- tion there, 222; ordered back again, takes possession of his govern- ment and recaptures Calcutta, 222; attacks and captures the French settlement of Chandernagore, 223; conspiracy of Jugget Seit and Meir Jaffier to assassinate the Na- bob, 224; battle of Plassey and defeat of the Nabob, ib.; elevation of Jaffer to the throne-Ochi- mund, fictitious treaty with, 225; Clive's share of the spoils of the revolution, ib.; his deceit, ib.; in- competency of Jaffier and condi- tion of the country, 226; Clive ap- pointed Governor of Bengal, 227; the French capture St. Davids and invest Madras, but compelled to retire, ib.; interference of the Dutch, who seize several English vessels, and are defeated by Col. Forde at Bedarra,-Forde invests Chinsura, which capitulates, ib.; Clive returns again to England, 229; is created an Irish peer,— conduct of Vansittart, his succes- sor in India, ib.; Jaffier dethroned, and Cosim Ali made Nabob,-his character and proceedings, 230, 231; Clive returns to India, 232; his troubles there, ib.; resigns his office and returns home, 233; as- saults made upon his character and administration, 234; their ef- fect upon his health and peace of mind, his acquittal, 235; commits suicide, ib.; is compared with Bo- naparte.
Agricultural Survey of South-Carolina, 449; Report of the Committee on, ib.; inquiry into the nature and be- nefits of, ib.; Agricultural Society in Charleston, ib.; State Agricul- tural Society, Columbia, ib.; their objects and effects, ib.; Roper,
his energy and perseverance, ib.; roads, navigation of rivers, rail- roads, ib.; commercial conven- tions and their effects, 450; spirit of speculation, periodical in its at- tacks, epidemic in its character, ib.; sources of national greatness, ib.; ascendancy of the money pow- er, 451; South-Carolina, an agri- cultural State, ib.; diminished va- lue of agricultural productions, ib.; resources of the State and means of developing them, ib.; staples of the State, 452; injurious results of raising crops only for market, ib.; impoverishment of the soil and emigration, ib.; fluctuations in crops and prices, 453; rice intro- duced into the State in 1693,-in- digo in 1742,-cotton in 1798,- quantity of each raised in South- Carolina in particular, and the Southern States generally, and the amount of land occupied for the purpose, 453, 455; advantages of an agricultural survey of the State considered, 455, 456; Mr. Ruffin, his appointment as surveyor and his accomplishments, ib.; agricul- tural schools, their importance in- sisted on, 457-8-9; Dr. Bachman, an eminent naturalist, his lecture, 460; State surveyor, and what ought to be his qualifications, ib.; agricultural societies, journals and papers, 461; agricultural schools, 462; what should be taught in them, 463; common school sys- tem of South-Carolina examined, and the establishment of an agri- cultural department recommend- ed, 465, 466; Sir Humphrey Da- vy's opinion of the objects of the agriculturist quoted, 467. American Notes for General Circula- tion, 166; the writer's judgment warped by prejudice, and his facts discolored by his imagination, 167; what was expected from his genius as an author and his sup- posed philanthropy, ib.; the disap- pointment of the public, ib.; the work pervaded by a captious spi- rit, ib.; occasional exhibitions of peculiar powers of humor and gra- phic descriptions, ib.; author re- ceived with too much parade and servility on his arrival, 168; the
effects of this reception on his mind and opinions, ib.; probable motives of the author in writing this work, 171; the irritation pro- duced by it and its probable con- sequences, 172; injurious influ- ence of the habit of fictitious wri- ting on the minds of its authors, ib.; disqualifies them from becom- ing faithful narrators of facts, ib.; cases in point cited, 173; Dickens' description of charitable asylums and prisons worthy of remark, and sketches of cases of individual suffering, graphic and touching, ib.; American newspaper press— his attack on it considered-com- pared with the British newspaper press, 174, 175; slavery, his gross and unjust opinions of the institu- tion, and his misrepresentations, 176; his affected sensibility and humanity, 179; the mild discip- line of Southern slavery favorably contrasted with the severity and cruelty of the British army, navy and manufactory systems, 178, 179, 180; general character of this work, a caricature of American manners, customs and institutions; contains some truths, but, taken as a whole, is a tissue of misrepre- sentations, destitute of fairness, honesty, fidelity, 181.
Brief inquiry into the true nature and character of our Federal Government, review of, 407.
Constructions of the Constitution, 407; the press the rival of the orator and the poet, ib.; this truth exem- plified in the history of our con- stitution and government, 400; au- thorship in the United States in the hands of Northern writers, ib.; school books at the South conse- quently not adapted to convey pro- per instruction to the rising gener- ation, ib.; instances of their want of fitness stated, ib.; no elementary works founded on our peculiar so- cial relations, ib.; political treatises adapted to the maturer intellect
equally defective, 409; the Con- stitution of the United States an instrument of very limited powers, ib.; a feature resulting from the conflicting interests of the different sections of the country,-fate of this instrument did not depend up- on the will of the majority of those who framed it, nor upon the will of the majority of the people taken collectively, but upon the will of two-thirds of the States, acting as States, 411; in controversies be- tween the North and South, North- ern interests preponderant, ib.; questions of constitutional power usually affirmed by the North and denied by the South, ib.; attach- ment of Northern politicians to the principles of liberal construc- tion, and an extension of the pow- ers of the Federal Government, ib.; proper division of parties in the United States into central and anti-central, 412; origin of the terms Federalist and Anti-Feder- alist, ib.; Anti-Centralists, out of place, become Centralists in place, 413; this truth exemplified in the history of several of our Presi- dents, ib.; its influence upon the relation of parties, ib.; the title of National Republican assumed by the Republican party, ib.; the word, National, an unconstitution- al one, ib.; J. Q. Adams, came into power under this denomina- tion-National Republicanism and Federalism identical, ib.; General Jackson, 414; deeply imbued with the spirit of Centralism,ib.; evinced in his celebrated Proclamation, Dec. 10, 1832, against South-Car- olina,-meaning of the term Dem- ocracy under his administration, ib.; identical with Centralism; his- tory of party nomenclature con- tinued, 415, 416; Peter Parley's Tales respecting the Constitution alluded to, ib.; Chancellor Kent- his theory of the government sta- ted, 417; adopted by Gen. Jack- son, ib.; maintained by Judge Sto- ry, 418; dangerous consequences of this theory considered, and the theory itself refuted, 419, 431. Civil Law, introduction to the study of, by Irving, 94; character of the
work, ib.; civil law, how exhibit- ed, ib., of what it consists, ib.; its study, per se, obsolete, ib.; the com- mon and statute law engrafted on it, ib.; works upon accessible to the English scholar, too profound for text books, 95; Gibbon's out- line of, its character, ib.; Savig- ny's history of, Domat's Les loix civiles, Heineccius' Elementa juris civilis, their character, ib.; not ea- sily obtained in the Southern States,- ‚—an outline of, a desidera- tum, ib.; Mr. Mazureau of Louisi- ana a suitable person to prepare one, ib.; his eminent attainments as a common lawyer and civilian, ib.; little been written on the sub- ject of the civil law in England, ib.; the Germans accomplished civil- ians, 96; what the civil law em- braced, ib.; leges regiæ, new laws, smatus consulta, plebiscita, edicta prætorum, responsa prudentium, explained, 96, 97; codes of Gre gorius and Hermogenes-of The- odosius and Justinian, 97; corpus juris civilis, of what it is compris- ed, ib.; the juris præcepta, what they are, ib.; civil law of contracts explained at length, 97, 106; doc- trine of trusts considered, 106, 107; most remarkable rules regulating descent enumerated, 107, 108; beautiful regularity of the civil law, 108; its adaptation to the rights and obligations of men in a state of society, ib. Collections of the Georgia Historical Society, 40; this Society, when or- ganized, ib.; character of its Col- lections, ib.; first work of the kind South of the Potomac, ib.; Histo- rical Societies of the different States and the Charleston Library Society referred to, ib.; what they have contributed to the history of the country, 41; number of vo- lumes published by them, ib.; their influence in producing a spirit of inquiry among educated men, ib.; fruits of these inquiries stated, ib.; motto of the Georgia Historical Society, 43; Harris' Memorials of Oglethorpe already reviewed by Professor Sparks, ib.; reasons as- signed for reviewing it again, ib.; of what the Georgia Historical
Collections consist, ib.; Sir R. Mountgomery, 43; his plan of set- tling a colony, ib.; its failure, ib.; Percival and Oglethorpe's scheme of a colony, 44; charter of it when obtained, ib.; objects of the settle- ment, 45, 46, 47; Oglethorpe's en- thusiastic descriptions of the coun- try, 49; schemes of the founders defeated, 50, 51, 52; first arrival of settlers, when and where, 53; their negociations with the Indians, 53, 54; Oglethorpe lays out Sa- vannah, 54; arrival of the Saltz- burghers and settlement at Ebene- zer, 54, 55; Oglethorpe embarks for England with several Indian chiefs, 56; their reception there, ib.; Highland emigrants, ib.; their settlement at Darien, ib.; Ogle- thorpe's return to Georgia with Rev. John and Charles Wesley, ib.; Augusta settled, ib.; difficul- ties between the colonists and the Spanish authorities of St. Augus- tine, 58; war threatened, ib.; troops sent out from England and Ogle- thorpe placed at their head, 58; war declared and successfully pro- secuted, 59; Oglethorpe's final re- turn to England, 60; prosperity of the colony and a description of the principal settlements, 60, 61; form of government revised and new plan, 62; reverses of the co- lony described, 62, 63; defects of the new government, 63, 64, 65; exclusion of negro labor from Georgia, 65; reasons of it explain- ed, 65, 66; importation of English and Welsh servants, 67; refracto- ry, ib.; corporeal punishments re- sorted to, ib.; sufferings of the co- lony described, 69; petition for ne- groes refused, 71; disturbances created by the refusal, 72; prohi- bition relaxed through the instru- mentality of Rev. George Whit- field, and a new and more rational ordering of society brought about, 72, 73; proceedings in this matter detailed, 73; the Trustees surren- der their charter, 74; when, ib.; Georgia proclaimed a royal pro- vince, ib.; consequences of exclu- ding slaves from the colony stated, 74, 75; happy results of the change in the government, 75; population,
ib; further malversations consi- dered, 78, 79; friendly alliance between South-Carolina and Geor- gia, 79; assistance and aid fur- nished by the former, 79, 80; rup- ture between them and causes sta- ted, 81, 83; brighter days of Geor- gia, 84; Judge Law's and Doctor Stevens' oratións on its early his- tory, and Mr. Spalding's Sketch of the Life of Oglethorpe, referred to, ib.; interesting anecdote respect- ing William McIntosh, ib.; Dr. Harris' Life of Oglethorpe,-its character, 86; leading facts in the life of Oglethorpe dwelt upon, 86, 87; Dr. Johnson's opinion of him, 87; family history of Oglethorpe, 87, 88, 89, 90; his parliamentary abilities, 90; his philanthropy and its manifestations, 90, 91; his his- tory continued, 91, 92, 93. Chemistry Organic, its application to agriculture and physiology, 182; science contributed little hitherto to the department of agriculture, 182; reasons assigned for this ap- parent neglect, ib.; empiricism in agriculture extensively prevalent, ib.; agricultural societies, a good omen, 183; agriculture pursued as a means of immediate gain, ib.; ruinous consequences of this, ib.; application of science to agricul- ture, a source of intellectual grati- fication and of increased profit, ib.; Leibig, Johnstone and Dana, this the object of their publications, 184; the history of these works, ib.; their general character, ib.; some defects in Dana's treatise pointed out, 185; Liebig pre-emi- nent among chemists, ib.; his work a splendid monument of his saga- city in certain respects, ib.; what these are, ib.; of what the work treats, 186; the object of organic chemistry, what it is, ib.; whence plants receive the elements of their constitution-the question consi- dered, 187, 193; inorganic ele- ments of plants-what they are, 193; essential to the development of every plant, 194; operations of nature for their supply, ib.; effects of the rotation of crops, ib.; what crops most, what least exhaust- ing, ib.; necessity of a change in
our mode of agriculture insisted on, 195; inorganic bases of plants, necessity of supplying them, ib.; particular plants require particu- lar bases, b.; strength of the plant for supporting its foliage,-what it depends on, ib.; alkaline bases, the subject considered, 195, 196; fermentation, eremacausis, putre- faction, animal chemistry-these subjects ably handled by Dr. Lei- big, his facts well ascertained and his results well established, 196; same more particularly consider- ed, 197, 198, 199. Caruthers Dr., his Lecture before the
Historical Society of Georgia, 537. Clive, Lord Robert, Life of, 197. Calhoun, John C., Life of, 496; why published at this juncture, ib.; rea- sons insisted on, 497; character of this biographical sketch, 498; to what subjects confined, 499; his- tory of Mr. Calhoun before his entrance into Congress,-his pa- rentage, education, studies, ib.; Dr. Dwight's opinion of, 500, 501; when elected to Congress, 500; the Committee of Federal Relations- their report and the discussions thereon, ib.; his speech on this oc- casion, ib.; his opposition to the embargo and non-importation acts, 502; his efforts in behalf of the mercantile interest, 503, 504; opin- ions of, and remarkable speech on Free Trade and restrictions on commerce, 504-5-6; bill of for the repeal of embargo and non-impor- tation acts passed by Congress, 507; his opposition to the bank project of 1814-15, ib.; his connec- tion with the tariff of 1816, 508; mistakes in relation to this sub- ject corrected, ib.; internal im- provement bill reported by him under what circumstances, 509, 510; vetoed by Mr. Madison, 510; his views of the constitutional powers of Congress over this sub- ject explained, ib.; bank bill re- ported by him, as chairman of the committee on currency, 511; its character, ib.; his qualifications as a statesman considered, 511, 512; called into the Cabinet as Secre- tary of War, 512; his administra- tion of that department, 512-13-14;
nominated by Pennsylvania a can- didate for the Presidency, 514; withdraws from the canvass un- der what circumstances, ib.; elect- ed Vice-President by a large ma- jority, ib.; Mr. Adams' adminis- tration, ib.; state of parties and relation of prominent individuals at his accession, ib.; Mr. Calhoun's decision upon the point of order as to words spoken in debate, 515; dis- cussions that grew out of this de- cision, 515-16; the tariff act of 1828, 516; stand taken by Mr. Calhoun and his party on this sub- ject, ib.; history of this measure, 516-17-18-19; views of General Jackson upon it, on his accession to the Presidency, 519; of the Sou- thern States generally, 520; de- termination of South-Carolina to resist it, ib.; nullification the right of, when first asserted, ib.; Mr. Calhoun's opinions on the subject stated, ib.; South-Carolina Ordi- nance of Nullification, when pass- ed, 521; Force bill and Mr. Cal- houn's Resolutions, debate upon, 521; Compromise Act, its provi- sions, ib.; State interposition, whe- ther a conservative or revolution- ary measure-the question consi- dered, 521-22; the Constitution, whether created by the people of the Union, or the results of a com- pact between sovereign States, 522; the Convention that formed it how constituted, ib.; the States represented as States in that body, and the Constitution adopted by the States, acting as States, in their separate capacity, ib.; the Union the result of this act of adoption, ib,; 'people of the Union,' a phrase not to be found in the Constitution, ib.; reasons of this omission explained. 'People of the United States'-what the ex- pression means, ib.; the word State defined, ib.; State action manifest in every step taken in the forma- tion and adoption of the Federal Constitution, 523-4; State sover- eignty retained by each of the States, under the articles of the old confederation, 524; the pream- ble to the Constitution explained and its history given, 524-5; gov-
ernment called federal because it was the result of a compact, 525; empowered to exercise an agency only for the benefit of the States, ib.; can exercise no powers not delegated by the States, ib.; the exercise of such powers, null and void, b.; opinions of 'the Federal- ist,' of Judge Tilghman, and Chief Justice Marshall, confirmatory of this position, quoted, 526-7; what a State does, when, in the exercise of her sovereignty, she annuls such a law, 527; State interposition on- ly justifiable when the Federal government usurps powers not granted, ib.; difference between the abuse of a delegated and the as- sumption of an undelegated pow- er, ib.; Federal Court has control over the former, not over the lat- ter, ib.; reflections on the course pursued by South-Carolina in re- lation to the tariff law of 1828, 528-9; concluding remarks on the character of Mr. Calhoun, 530-1. Correspondence between the Executives of Virginia and New-York, relative to the demand of the former on the latter of the surrender of certain slave-stealers, 318.
Caldwell Dr., of Louisville, Ky., his work on Mesmerism, 473. Criminal Law, Theorie des Lois cri- minelles, par Brissot de Warville, 388; impulse given by his writings to the French Revolution, ib.; pre- vious to that event, subject of cri- minal jurisprudence had attracted much attention, 389; penal code of France characterised by cruelty and tyranny, ib.; prize offered for the best essay suggesting reforms in it, 390; improvements in our own criminal code suggested by the work of Brissot, ib.; compre- hensive arrangement of the sub- ject by Dr. Franklin, adopted by Brissot, 391; objects of punish- ment, prevention and reformation, not revenge, ib.; theory of the cri- minal code to be looked for only in the character of the people, 393; not so, in this country, but borrow- ed from the English law, ib.; pun- ishment by death-its justice con- sidered, 394; Anacharsis, his opin- ion on the wars of nations quoted,
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