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Periodical Literature

HENRY L. CANNON, Editor.

The aim of this department will be to glean from our current periodical literature whatever may be of most interest to the student and teacher of history. So many historical articles of value appear in other than our strictly historical magazines, often in such unexpected places, and even under such misleading titles, that unless one has adequate facilities and then sets himself seriously about the business of searching for this material, he has little chance of ever seeing it. By means of the active coöperation of the members of the Stanford course for advanced students on Current Historical Literature it is hoped that a reasonably careful search may be kept up and trustworthy results secured to be presented in this department from month to month with such fulness as our space permits. All the fields of history will be covered according as they receive treatment in the magazines. Special effort will be made to record the important articles of each preceding month. All communications containing desired data will be cordially welcomed and should be addressed to the associate editor, Box 999, Stanford University. Cal.

"The Slave Trade in the Spanish Colonies of America, The Assiento." by G. Scelle, in the American Journal of International Law, July.

"The Boeotian League," by G. W. Botsford, in the Political Science Quarterly, June.

-"America's Debt to Beaumarchais," by John Preston Beecher, in Harper's Magazine, August.

-In the Nation for July 21 is to be found a complete bibliography of the published writings of the late William Graham Sumner; also a list of the publications of Martin Andrew Sharp Hume, the authority on the sixteenth century relations of Spain and England.

-Under the title Living Expenses of Medieval Europe," the Review of Reviews for August gives significant extracts from the series of articles of Viscount Georges d'Avenal in the Revue des Deux Mondes.

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-"Talks with a Great Teacher." by Professor J. Pease Norton (World's Work, August) deals with 'Intimate hours with the late Professor William Graham Sumner, of Yale." The topics are: The greaest men of to-day, the future of the republic, socialism, Roosevelt, race suicide, "protectionism," divorce. An appreciation of Professor Sumner appeared in the Yale Review for May.

In the Atlantic Monthly for August Guglielmo Ferrero has a brief article on "American Characteristics," in which he discusses the close parallelism of the public donations of the rich in modern America and ancient Greece and Rome. He justifies

our use of the injunction by reason of our frequent elections of magistrates, in both of which points we differ from Europeans and approach the ancient world. "A thorough study of ancient history is an excellent preparation for entering speedily into the spirit of American institutions; and, conversely, living in America, or at least knowing it thoroughly, ought to be an excellent preparation for the study of ancient history."

In Bulletin, 1910, No. 1, of the Bureau of Education Professor Arley B. Show discusses "The Movement for Reform in the Teaching of Religion in the Public Schools of Saxony." The investigation impresses one afresh with the moral and spiritual earnestness of the German people and their splendid devotion to the progress of popular education. In this time when our own educational thought is beginning to take more serious concern for the demands of moral training in the schools, we have much to learn from the comprehensive and well-grounded ideals of our German neighbors."

"The Journal of Race Development," of which the initial number appeared in July, under the auspices of Clark University, "offers itself as a forum for the discussion of the problems which relate to the progress of races and states generally considered backward in their standards of civilization." "The subjects treated will cover the whole field of a people's lifegovernment, education, religion, industry and social conditions. The races and states which will be most frequently discussed, will be those of India, the Near East, Africa and the Far East-excepting Japan, whose civilization is on a substantial equality with that of the nations of the West." Editors: Dr. George H. Blakeslee, President G. Stanley Hall. Contributing editors: David P. Barrows, Franz Boas, William I. Chamberlain, William Curtis Farabee, A. F. Griffiths, Frank H. Hankins, J. W. Jenks, George. Heber Jones, George Trumbull Ladd, Payson J. Treat, Frederick W. Williams.

"Greek Thought and Greek Life," in the Edinburgh Review for July, while primarily devoted to a criticism of Professor Mahaffy's latest work, "What Have the Greeks Done for Modern Civilisation?" also accomplishes the important task of exposing that uncritical kind of scholarship that can see only the influence of its own favorite topic in all that it touches. "His idolatry of the Attic interpretation of life not only makes him unjust to every other; not only makes him, as we have seen, miss the whole purpose and meaning of the medieval epoch in history; it also breeds the usual inevitable pessimism in regard to the present and the future."

Translations and Reprints

FROM THE ORIGINAL SOURCES OF EUROPEAN HISTORY

"An invaluable series of Sources, still in course of publication."-Report of the Committee of New England Teachers' Association, p. 63.

This series contains translations from the original sources of European history from Roman times to the reorganization of Europe by the Congress of Vienna in the nineteenth century. Complete, the set is in six volumes, but the separate numbers can be had in pamphlet form at from fifteen to twenty-five cents.

The value of original source material to aid the pupil in obtaining a vivid sense of the life and manners of past ages is felt by all history teachers. But it cannot be emphasized too much.

How much more realistic and impressive than the cut-and-dried statement on the Crusades of the average text-book, are actual accounts by contemporaries and Crusaders themselves, as, for example, the statement by Fulcher of Chartres of the start: "One saw an infinite multitude speaking different languages and come from divers countries." "Oh, how great was the grief when husband left the wife so dear to him, his children also.

Or the letter by Count Stephen from before the walls of Antioch, March 29, 1098:

"These which I write you are only a few things, dearest, of the many which we have done, and because I am not able to tell you, dearest, what is in my mind, I charge you to do right, to carefully watch over your land, to do your duty as you ought to your children and to your vassals. You will certainly see just as soon as I can possibly return to you. Farewell." The Crusaders thus appear as real men and women to the pupil.

It is this kind of material in convenient form that Translations and Reprints contain. The pamphlet form commends them especially for classroom use. In the bound form the six volumes are very well adapted for reference work in the school library.

SYLLABUSES

H. V. AMES: American Colonial History. (Revised and enlarged edition, 1908) . $1.00

D. C. MUNRO and G. SELLERY:
Syllabus of Medieval History, 395
to 1500 (1909)
..$1.00

In two parts: Pt. I, by Prof.
Munro, Syllabus of Medieval His-
Pt. II. by
tory, 395 to 1300.
Prof. Sellery, Syllabus of Later
Medieval History, 1300 to 1500.
Parts published separately.

W. E. LINGELBACH: Syllabus of
the History of the Nineteenth Cen-
tury.
.60 cents
Combined Source Book of the Renais-
sance. M. WHITCOMB.... $1.50
State Documents on Federal Rela-
tions. H. V. AMES.........
....$1.75

Published by

Department of History University of Pennsylvania

PHILADELPHIA

Book Reviews

ELLIOTT'S BIOGRAPHICAL STORY OF
THE CONSTITUTION.

REVIEWED BY PROF. EDGAR DAWSON, NORMAL
COLLEGE. NEW YORK CITY.

When the convention of 1787 was drafting our Federal Constitution, the fact was constantly apparent that the particularistic spirit of the thirteen States was too strong for the creation of a thoroughly efficient government. The States were willing to concede to the Union only enough authority to suppress anarchy within the country and to guard against aggression from without. Had the convention expressed in the instrument then what the courts have since found to be implied in it, no one familiar with our early history would hesitate to say that ratification could not have been effected. The Fathers of 1787 would certainly never recognize the working Constitution of 1910 as the product of their deliberations.

The growth of Federal power has been almost as if by accretion. It has resulted partly from changing economic and social conditions, partly from the need to suppress riot and insurrection, and partly from the mere yielding of the spirit of separatism to the desire for an efficient, consolidated government. Rapid transportation and facility of communication have almost obliterated State lines; division of labor and industrial development have demanded national supervision; the addition of many new States to the Union,-children of the national government, has thrown an atmosphere of contempt over the man who considers himself a citizen of a State rather than of the Union. This consolidation seems to us now to have been so inevitable that we often ignore the part played in its development by leading statesmen. Mr. Bryce has well said: "Institutions are said to form men, but it is no less true that men give to institutions their color and tendency. It profits little to know the legal rules and methods and observance of government, unless we also know something of the human beings who tend and direct this machinery." As Theodore Roosevelt now personifies to the public mind certain tendencies in constitutional development, so in successive periods did Hamilton, Jefferson, Jackson, Webster, and Lincoln, and their lives have been woven into the texture of our Constitution as it has developed.

The next decade will probably witness a larger growth in Federal powers than has any in our history, and our attention may well be turned to the influence of active and leading personalities on the current of our development thus far. lest we follow too blindly these leading lights into paths that we shall not be able to retrace. Attention is called to this personal side of our Constitution-making in "The Biographical Story of the Constitution" (Putnam's), by Prof.

Edward Elliott, of Princeton University, an
institution intimately connected with our
political growth from the time of James
Madison to that of Woodrow Wilson.

The body of Professor Elliott's book
consists of twelve essays, ten of which dis-
cuss in succession the growth of the Consti-
tution through administrative organization
under Alexander Hamilton; through the
speculative forecast of James Wilson;
through the acquiescence of Thomas Jeffer-
son; through formulation by James Madi-
son; through legal interpretation by John
Marshall; through democratization under
Andrew Jackson; through rising national
sentiment as led by Daniel Webster;
through civil war under Abraham Lincoln;
through reconstruction under Thaddeus
Stevens; and through expansion under The-
odore Roosevelt. Of the two remaining, one
is called "The Fathers: Inception through
Compromise"; and the other, "John C. Cal-
houn: Retardation through Sectional Influ-
ence." An appendix contains fifteen doc-
uments, such as the Constitution, the Ken-
tucky Resolutions. the Dred Scott Decision
(an abstract), and the Proclamation of
Emancipation; together with a bibliog-
raphy meant "to serve as an introduction
to the study of our constitutional history,"
and a carefully prepared index.

The essay on Lincoln and the growth of
the Constitution during the civil war may
be taken as illustrative of the author's
method of treatment. It is prefaced with a
chronological table of the principal events
in Lincoln's life, and the essay itself adds
the biographical facts that are of especial
interest to the student of constitutional
history. The essay is not, however, a con-
densed life of the great Emancipator, but
an exposition of the influence of this cen-
tral figure of the civil war period on the
drift of political opinion and institutional
growth in that era.

The author recalls to memory Lincoln's inbred hatred of slavery and love of liberty and democracy; but also his lack of sympathy with any sort of radicalism, including the abolition agitation.

Lincoln's view on the powers of the Federal government are presented as clearly defined and positive, in contra-distinction to those of Buchanan, which were vacillating and confused. The existence of slavery in the States may not be interfered with; but the Federal government has full power to control the introduction of slaves into the territories, and the extension of slavery there must not be tolerated on any pretext. Any attempt on the part of States to secede for this reason or any other he regarded as rebellion and revolution, to be resisted with all the power at the command of the President, under his oath to defend the Constitution. If two laws conflict, the lesser must be sacrificed to the greater, and the sacrifice, if made at all, must be made

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For UNITED STATES HISTORY there are maps of the country as a whole, of the Eastern Section, the Upper and Lower Mississippi Valley, the Pacific Coast, New England, the Middle Atlantic and the South Atlantic States, of North America and the World.

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in no half-hearted way. He asks: "Are all the laws but one to go unexecuted, and the government itself to go to pieces lest that one be violated?" He did not hesitate, therefore, for the sake of saving the Union, to stretch the Constitution to the breaking point, using himself and encouraging the Congress to use, all the war powers" that the conditions called for. That the effect on constitutional expansion of such an attitude on the part of the chief executive in the midst of such a war was very great can well be imagined.

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["The Biographical Story of the Constitution." By Edward G. Elliott. Pp. xi, 400. G. P. Putnam's Sons.]

SOCIETY AND POLITICS IN ANCIENT ROME.

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REVIEWED BY N. P. VLACHOS, PH.D. Prof. Abbott's "Essays and Sketches" on "Society and Politics in Ancient Rome," the greater part of which had previously appeared in various periodicals, are here collected into one handy volume. The large variety of topics dealt with in these papers is best indicated by a table of contents: "Municipal Politics in Pompeii" (electioneering methods of the ancient world are illustrated by political notices on the walls of Pompeii); “The Story of Two Oligarchies" (in which an interesting parallel is drawn between the Roman Senate and our own); "Women and Public Affairs under the Roman Republic" (the author discusses such well-known figures as Cornelia, Clodia, Octavia); "Roman Women in the Trades and Professions"; "The Theater as a Factor in Roman Politics under the Republic "; Petronius: A Study in Ancient Realism"; 'A Roman Puritan " (Prof. Abbott points to a certain resemblance of temperament in Persius, the Roman satirist, and the New Englander of a former generation; here many scholars are bound to differ); "Petrarch's Letters to Cicero "; 'Literature and the Common People of Rome: (a rather intangible subject, on which we have only desultory evidence; a literary taste is claimed for the common people of Rome, comparing favorably with the literary taste of the common people of our own day); "The Career of a Roman Student" (deals with Cicero's son); Some Spurious Inscriptions and Their Authors"; "The Evolution of the Modern Forms of the Letters of Our Alphabet." Throughout these wellwritten, though rather sketchy, papers, it has been the author's aim to put fresh life into the past by referring to analogous conditions in the present age. Some are frankly comparative studies. The whole collection will promote a better understanding of the varied phases of Roman life, and it is to be hoped will stimulate to further reading.

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["Society and Politics in Ancient Rome. Essays and Sketches." By Frank Frost Abbott, Professor of Classics in Princeton University. Cloth; 8vo. Pp. x and 267. Scribners. New York, 1909. $1.25.]

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FORMAN'S NEW ELEMENTARY HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. Dr. S. E. Forman's new History of the United States for Schools" is, from the mechanical aspect, an excellent example of the best in modern text-book manufacture. The book is strongly bound in cloth and leather; the paper is good and not too highly calendared. The maps are numerous; usually they are not burdened with unnecessary details; many show the location of the population frontier at different dates.

The illustrations are the most noteworthy mechanical feature of the book, and they make this work the best illustrated text-book upon American history. The pictures fall into three classes, each of which has abundant historical and pedagogical justification: (a) Portraits of prominent persons; (b) photographs of interesting documents, implements, buildings, and scenes; (c) reproductions of contemporary prints. Out of nearly 275 illustrations, only about fifteen could be designated as purely imaginative-a very low proportion for an elementary American text-book.

But the justification for a new text-book is not to be found simply in meeting the need for better historical illustrations; it should appear also in the method of treatment or in the proportion assigned to the several periods of United States history. In some of these respects Dr. Forman's work amply proves its right to publication. In the matter of chronological proportion there is not much difference between this work and the better recent texts, with the exception of the unusual amount of space devoted to recent history, more, probably, than to be found in any other elementary text-book. To the topics of exploration and colonial history 113 pages are given; the revolution and the critical period receive 44 pages; the period from 1789 to 1818, 54 pages; from 1818 to 1860, 100 pages; from 1860 to 1870, 60 pages; and from 1870 to the present time, 44 pages.

More originality exists in the method of treatment and in the selection of significant facts. In the treatment of the period of exploration the author shows much selfcontrol, eleminating many of the names and dates frequently inserted in our texts. In the colonial period are three good chapters, with "Rebellions and Indians Uprisings," "Our Country in 1700," and "Colonial Growth between 1700 and 1740."

For the national period, the most marked new feature is the decided emphasis upon the movement of population and civilization westward. The significance of this movement is first brought out in the treatment of the colonial period. Later the subject is taken up geographically and several chapters are devoted to it. Chapter XXII traces the flow of population into the valleys of the Kentucky, the Tennessee and the Ohio; Chapter XXVI continues the narrative of the growth of populous communities in the Ohio Valley; Chapter XXVII tells the story of Louisiana, Mississippi,

Alabama, and Missouri; Chapter XXXI treats the Annexation of Texas, the Mexican War, and the Mexican cession of territory as a further step in the great westward expansion; and Chapter XLII gives a good exposition of the growth of the New West, showing the influence of congressional action and of the building of the Pacific railroads. In all these chapters not only does the author show the general influences at work in inducing this westward movement, together with the influences of the new west upon the nation, but he finds opportunity to give at least one paragraph to a sketch of the history of each new State. It is interesting to compare these short statements with the sketches of the history of the original thirteen States, remembering that in most text-books such sketches are limited to the original States and to a few other crucial ones like Ohio, Missouri, Oregon, California and Texas.

In treating the usual national topics there has been little variation from the methods of the best of recent text-book makers. Here the greatest virtue of the work is the elimination of unnecessary names and dates, without, on the other hand, becoming either annalistic or imag inative. The narrative is well sustained, even although there is not so much of the "drum and trumpet" as in some other works, and in spite also of the rule of remarkable impartiality upon sectional questions observed by the author. Throughout the work the style is simple, but adequate; well adapted to the comprehension of grammar school pupils.

The book possesses the usual pedagogical aids, together with some innovations. There is a novel grouping of review and reading references at the close of every chapter, consisting of significant dates, names of places and persons, and events, drawn from all the preceding chapters. An appendix gives page references for the study of a number of great topics in connection with American history.

["A History of the United States for Schools." By S. E. Forman. Pp. xiii, 419, lxxi. New York. The Century Co. Price, $1.00.]

A Source History of the United States

500

By CALDWELL AND PERSINGER. Full cloth. pages. Price, $1.25. By Howard Walter Caldwell, Professor of American History, University of Nebraska, and Clark Edmund Persinger, Associate Professor of American History, University of Nebraska. Containing Introduction and Table of Contents. The material is divided into four chapters, as follows: Chap. I. The Making of Colonial America, 1492-1763 Chap. II. The Revolution and Independence, 1763-1786 Chap.III. The Making of a Democratic Nation, 1786-1841 Chap.IV. Slavery and The Sectiona! Struggle, 1841-1877 Complete single copies for reference or for libraries will be forwarded by express paid on receipt of the stated price of $1.25.

Correspondence in reference to introductory supplies is respectfully solicited and will have our prompt attention. A full descriptive list of Source History books and leaflets forwarded on application.

AINSWORTH & COMPANY 378-388 Wabash Avenue, Chicago, Ill.

HISTORY TEACHERS' ASSOCIATIONS.

For the convenience of its readers and to stimulate the work of organization, "The Magazine" will print from time to time a list of the associations, with the names and addresses of the secretaries. Will our readers help us fill in the gaps, and keep us informed of changes in the secretarial offices?

AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.-W. G. Leland, Carnegie Institution, Washington. D. C., secretary.

AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION, PACIFIC COAST BRANCH.-J. N. Bowman, University of California, Berkeley, secretary.

CALIFORNIA.-Ada G. Goldsmith. Mission High School, San Francisco, secretary,

INDIANA. Professor Harriet Palmer, Franklin, secretary.

MARYLAND. Ella V. Ricker, Baltimore. secretary.

MIDDLE STATES. Professor Henry Johnson, Teachers' College. New York City, secretary.

MILWAUKEE CONFERENCE.--Informally organized.

MISSISSIPPI.---H. L. McCleskey, Hazelhurst, secretary.

MISSOURI.-Professor Eugene Fair. Kirksville, secretary.

NEBRASKA-Professor C. N. Anderson, Kearney, president.

NEW ENGLAND.--Mr. W. H. Cushing. South Framingham, Mass., secretary.

NEW YORK (N. Y.) CONFERENCE.-D. C. Knowlton, Barringer High School, Newark, N. J., secretary.

NORTH CENTRAL.-Mary Louise Childs, Evanston, Ill., secretary.

NORTH DAKOTA ASSOCIATION.-H. L. Rockwood, Enderlin, president.

TWIN CITY HISTORY TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION.-W. H. Shepard, North High School, Minneapolis, Minn., president.

VASSAR ALUMNE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.- Adelaide Underhill, Poughkeepsie, secretary.

WISCONSIN.- Gertrude Hull, West Division High School, Milwaukee, chairman.

ANNOUNCEMENTS.

Officers of associations are requested to send notices of meetings to W. H. Cushing, South Framingham, Mass., as long before the date of meeting as possible.

AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.December 27, 1910, at Indianapolis, Ind. PACIFIC COAST BRANCH OF AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.- November 18-19. 1910, at University of California, Berkeley. CALIFORNIA HISTORY TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION.- December, 1910.

MISSOURI ASSOCIATION. -November, 1910.

NEW ENGLAND HISTORY TEACHERS' AssoCIATION.- Fall meeting, October 15, 1910, at Boston.

WALTER H. CUSHING, Editor.

NOTES AND PERSONALS.

Dr. Sedley L. Ware, for the past two years instructor of history at Stanford University, has been called to the University of Wisconsin. His thesis upon the Elizabethan parish appeared in the Johns Hopkins University Studies.

The Historical Society of Southern California will soon have its own substantial building especially for its museum, lectures, and other needs. The secretary is Mr. James M. Guinn, 5539 Buena Vista Avenue, Los Angeles, Cal.

Dr. Charles M. Andrews has left Johns Hopkins University to accept a call to the history department of Yale University.

Professor L. B. Evans, of Tufts College, spent the summer in Europe and attended the Hague Conference on the fisheries dispute by special invitation of the American counsel.

The many friends of Professor Henry Johnson, of Teachers' College, Columbia University, will congratulate him on his restoration to health after a long illness. Professor Johnson expects to resume active work in the fall.

The October meeting of the New England History Teachers' Association will be devoted to economics, including industrial history. At a meeting of the Council, May 26, it was voted to create and maintain a collection of aids to historical teaching, and the sum of two hundred dollars was appropriated for that purpose.

Mr. C. H. Mellwain, preceptor in history at Princeton University. has accepted the position of professor of history in Bowdoin College, made vacant by the resignation of Professor Allen Johnson.

Professor William E. Lingelbach, of the University of Pennsylvania, will spend the first half of the coming academic year in Europe engaged in researches for his work upon the Nineteenth Century."

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Mr. H. W. Edwards, of Berkeley, Cal., has accepted a position in the Oakland (Cal.) High School.

Dr. William Fairley, head of the history department of the Commercial High School of Brooklyn, N. Y., has been appointed principal of the same school.

Dr. Cheesman A. Herrick, former president of the History Teachers' Association of the Middle States and Maryland, and recently connected with the Central High School and the William Penn High School of Philadelphia, has been elected president of Girard College, in the same city.

Professor Frederic L. Paxson, of the University of Michigan, has accepted a call to the University of Wisconsin. Dr. Paxson has spent the summer in England engaged in research among the British archives for the Carnegie Institution of Washington.

The N. E. A. Meeting in Boston. The forty-eighth annual convention of the National Education Association was held in Boston, July 2-8, 1910.

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Friday morning, July 8, was devoted to round-table conferences, that in history being under the leadership of Mr. George Edward Marshall, principal of the High School, Davenport, Ia. The subjects assigned for discussion were: 1. What facts in American history should be emphasized to-day in secondary schools?" 2. "What is the proper aim of history teaching in secondary schools?" 3. "Has the historical novel any value as an aid to history teaching?" In discussing the first question the speakers laid emphasis especially on those topics which have a close connection with the present-day problems.

Discussion under topic two drifted to the use of sources and source-books. In spite of all that has been said and done in connection with this subject a considerable number of teachers still look askance at sources. That the instruction should not be based entirely or even largely on such material is a generally accepted dictum; but the great value of sources as illustrative material, vitalizing history teaching and furnishing material for topical work is still underestimated, and an informal count showed few schools among those represented that have such works in sufficient quantity to be really serviceable.

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In connection with the meetings of the N. E. A. the New England History Teach- · ers' Association had exhibition, in charge of Professor Arthur I. Andrews, of Simmons College, its collection of aids to history teaching, to which many additions had been made since the April meeting of the association. It is expected that by September 1st the collection will be in its permanent quarters at Simmons College, and the association hopes to be able to furnish, through the instrumentality of THE HISTORY TEACHER'S MAGAZINE, a list of articles in the exhibit with publisher and price.

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INDIANA ASSOCIATION.
CONTRIBUTED BY PROF. H. C. PALMER.

The History Section of the Indiana State Teachers' Association convened for its annual sessions in the Claypool Hotel April 29th and 30th, 1910. The history teachers of the State were especially fortunate not only in meeting Professor Bourne, of the Western Reserve University, but in having the opportunity, upon an invitation from Superintendent Kendall, of the Indianapolis schools, of hearing Professor Turner, of Wisconsin University, president of American Historical Association, in round table discussion conducted at the Shortridge High School for the Indianapolis teachers on Friday afternoon, and in his lecture before the Indianapolis teachers in Caleb Mills Hall on Saturday morning upon the subject "The Upland South."

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chairman, was appointed to coöperate with the Historical Society and the people of Indianapolis in the entertainment of the American Historical Association next December.

CALIFORNIA ASSOCIATION. CONTRIBUTED BY PROF. J. N. BOWMAN.

The semi-annual meeting of the History

The

Section of the California Teachers' Association was held at the University of California, Berkeley, on July 14, 1910. the meeting was an enthusiastic one, the two topics for consideration calling forth a general and lively discussion. The morning session opened with the reading of an important paper by Mr. H. W. Edwards upon "The College Preparation of the High School Teacher of History." This paper, upon the request of many of those present at the meeting, and with the consent of Mr. Edwards, is printed in this number of the MAGAZINE.

The session of Friday afternoon was devoted to the discussion of history in the elementary schools. The work was opened by Professor Bourne with the discussion of the report of the Committee of Eight on the study of history in elementary schools. Some defects in the teaching of history in elementary schools of Indiana in the light of the report of the Committee of Eight were discussed, from the standpoint of the city superintendent by Superintendent Charles F. Patterson, of Tipton, and from the standpoint of the county superintendent, by County Superintendent Jesse Webb, of Johnson County.

It has been the custom for some years to make the Friday evening session a joint meeting of the Indiana Historical Society and the Indiana History Teachers' Association. The plan was followed this year, and Professor Bourne, for the History Teachers' Association, delivered an address upon the subject, "Our Early Republic as French Travelers Saw It," and for the Historical Society Mr. Demarchus C. Brown, Indiana State Librarian, spoke upon the subject, "An Early Indian War." Mr. Brown's address organized itself about some old French letters concerning the extinction of the Fox Indians, which had come into his hands for translation.

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The Saturday morning session was devoted to the discussion of some problems in history teaching in High Schools. "What Can Be Done with Sources?" was discussed by Miss Minnie Blanche Ellis of the Bloomington High School; "Shall History Notebook Be Kept?" by Mr. W. C. Gerichs, principal Elwood High School; "How Secure Results with the Collateral Reading?" by Mr. W. O. Lynch, department of History, Indiana State Normal School; "Preparation and Use of Maps and Charts," Mr. J. R. H. Moore, Manual Training High School, Indianapolis. The discussions were all presented from the experience of those taking part and from carefully organized data collected by them from the High Schools of the State. They were most suggestive and exceedingly helpful. A committee, of which Dr. Woodburn is

Professor R. D. Hunt, of the University of Southern California, discussed the paper, urging the addition of ten more units to the history requirements. For history teachers situated upon the Pacific Coast he would demand a knowledge of the history of the coast, the Pacific, China and the Orient, and especially of State history. He emphasized the importance of training the history teacher in the problems of municipalities and of labor organizations; and advised also the insertion into the college course for history teachers of a year of college mathematics; a course on international law, and some training in voice culture.

In the afternoon session Miss Maude F.

Stevens, Palo Alto High School, read a

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paper on the High School Library." As a
basis of selection she took forty as the cor-
rect number of volumes for each of the five
blocks in the history course; this makes,
then, a library of about 200 volumes, cost-
The
ing about $300.
norms of selection
were: Aims of the courses, general methods
of the work, and the age and training of the
pupils. She emphasized that the library is
for the use of the pupils and not for the
use of the teacher; and in the choice of
books this should be kept constantly in
mind. She wished emphatically to use the
source books as aids and secondary material
and not as texts themselves. In the discus-
sion many question were raised: the cost of
the 200 volumes would deter the smaller
schools from getting the list; this was met
by the fact that several small high schools
had bought the books by annual instalments
in the course of a few years. On the
question of the duplication of books, one
volume per eight pupils was cited as a
working ratio. The readiness of the Na-
tional Government and the Congressmen to
aid in the library making with books and
pamphlets of interest was cited by Mr.
Fishback, of Orange.

It was announced by the president that at the annual meeting in December there would be a continuation of these questions; a committee was appointed to consider with Miss Stevens the use of the High School Library.

The officers of the History Section are: President, E. D. Adams, Leland Stanford, Jr. University; vice-president, J. R. Sutton, Oakland High School; secretary, Ada Goldsmith, Mission High School, San Francisco.

Atkinson-Mentzer Historical Maps

A series of 16 maps to accompany United States History, 40 x 45 inches in size, lithographed in seven colors on cloth, surfaced both sides with coated paper, complete with iron standard, per set, $16.00 net. Sent on approval.

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