Upon news of the Fiume coup, Foreign Minister Tittoni at once returned from Paris to Rome. The Italian Government, condemned the action of the rebellious troops, and instituted a blockade of Fiume. On October 4, however, food was allowed to enter the city, and only a loose military blockade was continued. D'Annunzio's forces at the time numbered from 25,000 to 30,000, occupying the city itself, the Jugo-Slav suburb of Sussak, and the country behind to a distance of about six miles. Though on the verge of hostilities with the Jugo-Slavs, the Italian leader early in October issued a message to the effect that while the Adriatic was an Italian sea' the Slavs would be conceded full commercial privileges.

ITALY'S POLICY DEPENDENT ON COMING ELECTION.-On September 29 the Italian Parliament was dissolved, the new Parliament to assemble about December I following elections on November 16. In the interim it was believed that the Nitti Cabinet would hold over and take no decisive action. Hope of a peaceful settlement of the Fiume question rests on the defeat of the militarists and nationalists in the coming election. Otherwise, unless Fiume is in the meantime given to Italy by the Peace Conference, it will be annexed by Italy without regard to the wishes of the powers.

AMERICAN FORCES LANDED AT TRAU.-On September 26 the Secretary of the Navy announced that a force from the U. S. S. Olympia had landed and taken control of the port of Trau, on the Dalmatian coast, which had been occupied by Italians and which was evacuated without hostilities upon the landing of the American forces. It was stated that the action of Rear Admiral Philip Andrews, in ordering this move, had been authorized by the Supreme Council.

On September 29 two resolutions were introduced in the Senate and referred to committees, one condemning the action of the Supreme Council and the other merely calling upon the State Department for information. It was unofficially pointed out that the Dalmatian coast was enemy territory surrendered by Austria, not yet disposed of by the Peace Conference, and pending its decisions still under the trusteeship of the Allies. Until a settlement was reached, United States naval forces were assigned the duty of maintaining order on a part of the coast, and resisted the seizure of Trau as in violation of the terms of the temporary arrangement.

BELGIUM AND HOLLAND

DISPUTE OVER LIMBURG AND CONTROL OF SCHELDT.-On September 21 press despatches stated that a diplomatic rupture between Holland and Belgium threatened as a result of Belgium's insistent demand that the frontier be altered so as to give her control of a small strip of the Dutch province of Limburg lying between Belgium and Germany, and also of Dutch territory south of the Scheldt. Domination of the southern bank of the Scheldt would secure Belgium against a Dutch blockade of the river mouth in time of war and against trade aggression in time of peace.

BULGARIA

PEACE TERMS TO BULGARIA.-The treaty of peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Bulgaria was presented to the Bulgarian mission at the French Foreign Office, Paris, on September 19, the American representative in Paris, Assistant Secretary of State Frank L. Polk, taking part in the proceedings.

The terms of the treaty are officially summarized as follows: Bulgaria cedes Western Thrace (her booty after the Balkan wars) to the Allied and Associated Powers, with the understanding that she will accept whatever disposition of this territory the powers ultimately decide upon. Bulgaria also accedes to four slight rectifications of the Serbian frontier. It is understood that Bulgaria will be guaranteed an economic outlet to the Ægean, and that the question of her securing territory in the Dobrudja of Bulgarian population will be taken up later. The army must be reduced to 20,000 within three months, and about $500,000 must be paid by way of reparation.

It will be seen that while the question of Bulgaria's Ægean outlet, upon which President Wilson was inclined to insist, remains unsolved, Bulgaria suffers less severely in the peace settlement than her Teutonic allies.

TURKEY

NEW MINISTRY LESS AMENABLE TO ALLIES.-The Turkish Cabinet formed under Damad Ferid Pasha to make peace with the Allies was forced to resign on October 5 and was succeeded by a new Ministry under General Ali Riza Pasha. The change is said to have been brought about by General Mustapha Kemal, a Nationalist and “Young Turk" leader, who had established a rival government at Erzerum and occupied the railroad center of Konieh in Asia Minor. By the shift of ministry it is possible the government may come to terms with this faction. Turkey, it is thought, sees in the unsettled policy of the Western Powers an opportunity to alter to her advantage the severe terms which have been proposed for her at Paris.

RUSSIA

ADVANCE OF ANTI-BOLSHEVIK FORCES.-Despatches of October 6 reported that Polish troops, after two days' hard fighting, had captured Dvinsk, on the old Russo-Polish frontier.

General Denikin's forces, which already controlled great areas of southern Russia, were on the same date within 30 miles of the city of Orel, about 200 miles south of Moscow. Kolchak's forces, during their September offensive, advanced their front an average distance of 75 miles.

Simultaneously with this renewal of the offensive by Kolchak, and in spite of the withdrawal of Allied forces from northern Russia, the antiRed troops in the Archangel district undertook offensive operations toward Petrograd.

In the meantime the Red government at Moscow was reported to have sent a wireless message renewing its offer to make peace on the same terms as those offered in the notorious Bullitt Report.

GERMANY INVITED TO JOIN BLOCKADE.-London, October 16 (Associated Press). The text of the note of the Supreme Council inviting Germany to participate in the blockade of Russia, as published by the Berlin Tageblatt and reprinted by The Daily Herald, shows that Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Holland, Finland, Spain, Switzerland, Mexico, Chile, Argentina, Colombia, and Venezuela also have been invited to initiate measures to prevent their nationals from engaging in any trade with Bolshevist Russia. The measures are thus enumerated:

First.-Refusal of permission to sail to every ship bound for a Russian Bolshevist port and the closing of all ports to ships from Bolshevist ports. Second. Similar regulations to be adopted with regard to all goods destined for Russia by any other route.

Third.-Passports will be refused to all persons to or from Bolshevist Russia. Isolated exceptions may be made by agreement of the allied and associated powers.

Fourth. Measures will be taken to hinder the banks from granting credit to commercial undertakings in Bolshevist Russia.

Fifth. Every government will refuse its nationals any facilities of intercourse with Bolshevist Russia, whether by post or wireless telegraphy. Marshal Foch added the following instruction:

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'Inform the German Government that the British and French men-ofwar in the Gulf of Finland will continue to blockade Bolshevist ports and detain from the moment they come in sight ships bound for Bolshevist ports."

The preamble to the note declares that the open enmity of the Bolsheviki is directed against all governments and that programs of international evolution, circulated by them, constitute a grave danger to the national security of all the powers. Every increase in the capacity of the Bolsheviki for resistance increases this danger, and it would be desirable that all nations wishing peace and the re-establishment of social order should unite together to resist Bolshevist Government.

For this reason, it is further declared, the allied and associated governments, after raising the blockade of Germany, have refused permission to their subjects to resume commercial relations with Bolshevist Russia.

The German Government is requested to take measures in conformity with those enumerated.—N. Y. Times, 17/10.

FAR EAST

UNITED STATES PROTESTS AGAINGST CONDUCT OF JAPANESE IN SIBERIA.— Tokio, October 9.-Orders have been issued by General Oi, commanding the Japanese forces in Eastern Siberia, directing his men to cooperate effectively with American authorities in the operation of the Trans-Siberian Railroad.

This is a result of strong representations made by the United States to the Japanese Government, claiming that in sections guarded by Japanese troops the lives and property of Americans have not been adequately protected. In the event that cooperation by the Japanese troops could not be secured, it is said, the note hinted American forces would be withdrawn from Siberia, and the reason for the step would be made public at Washington.

Reports state the American note was very frank in discussing the situation in Siberia and to have expressed the fear, by inference, that the policy of Japan there might be open to criticism as being opposed to the new idea of international co-operation." It is understood a copy of the note of the Washington government, which was delivered in September, has been forwarded to Great Britain and France, and probably Italy and China.

Japanese officials seem inclined to minimize the gravity of the situation, and declare they have not been supporting General Semenoff, anti-Bolshevist leader, whose activities have occasioned concern in Allied circles. They are said to express belief that the question is open to early and amicable adjustment.—N. Y. Times, 10/10.

REVIEW OF BOOKS

ON

SUBJECTS OF PROFESSIONAL INTEREST

"Radio Instruments and Measurements." (Circular No. 74, Bureau of Standards.) Printed by the Wireless Press, New York, N. Y.

A compilation of radio information, especially as to measurements, intended for use of advanced students and radio engineers.

In its previous editions it has been found of the greatest value as a reference work in the radio course at the Naval Academy and in the compilation of a radio text-book for midshipmen.

While the book devotes 36 pages to the fundamentals of Electromagnetism and the Principles of Alternating Currents and leads up logically to Measurements, with unusually full mathematical theory, it is not, nor is it intended to be, a book suitable for use as a text-book.

Part I covers the Theoretical Basis of Radio Measurements. The Fundamentals of Electromagnetism. The Principles of Alternating Currents. Radio Circuits. Damping.

Part II. Instruments and Methods of Radio Measurements. Wave Meters. Coils. Current Measurements. Resistance Measurement. Sources of High-frequency Current.

Part III. Formulas and Data. Calculation of Capacity. Calculation of Inductance. Design of Induction Coils. High-frequency Resistance. Miscellaneous Formulas and Data.

B. C. A.

'New Words Self Defined." By C. Alphonso Smith, Head of the Department of English, U. S. Naval Academy. Price $1.25. (Doubleday, Page & Co.)

This attractive little volume does something new in the way of word definition. Instead of offering a synonym of the word or a definition of it in the style of a dictionary, Dr. Smith quotes one or more passages from newspapers, magazines, and books, in which the expression is used in such a way as to leave no doubt as to its meaning and the peculiar twist of its usage. The words simply define themselves. This is the most illuminating method of getting at the meaning provided the passage quoted is clear and comprehensive, but it must have been no easy task to hit on a satisfactory quotation for every instance.

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Not all the words are new. "Gadget," "limey,' First Luff," and "padre," for example, are old in naval tradition. And “doughboy," as a footnote explains, goes back as a word to as early as 1685, and its application to the American soldier to our Civil War. Nor can Amerind" be classed with the atrocities of the late war, because it was manufactured by a convention