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PAST PRESIDENTS

OF THE

U. S. NAVAL INSTITUTE

ADMIRAL DAVID D. PORTER, U. S. NAVY, 1873

REAR ADMIRAL JOHN L. WORDEN, U. S. Navy, 1874

REAR ADMIRAL C. R. P. RODGERS, U. S. Navy, JAN. 1875-JAN. 1878
COMMODORE FOXHALL A. PARKER, U. S. NAVY, JAN. 1878-JAN. 1879
REAR ADMIRAL JOHN RODGERS, U. S. NAVY, JAN. 1879-JAN. 1882
REAR ADMIRAL C. R. P. RODGERS, U. S. NAVY, JAN. 1882-JAN. 1883
REAR ADMIRAL THORNTON A. JENKINS, U. S. NAVY, JAN. 1883-OCT.
1885

REAR ADMIRAL EDWARD SIMPSON, U. S. NAVY, Oct. 1885-Oct. 1887
REAR ADMIRAL STEPHEN B. LUCE, U. S. NAVY, OCT. 1887-OCT. 1898
REAR ADMIRAL WM. T. SAMPSON, U. S. NAVY, OCT. 1898-OCT. 1902
REAR ADMIRAL H. C. TAYLOR, U. S. NAVY, OCT. 1902-OCT. 1904
REAR ADMIRAL C. F. GOODRICH, U. S. NAVY, OCT. 1904-OCT. 1909
REAR ADMIRAL RICHARD WAINWRIGHT, U. S. Navy, Oct. 1909-Oct.

1911

Copyright by International Film Service.

[graphic]

FLAGSHIP OF THE PACIFIC FLEET, THE U S. S "NEW MEXICO," IN THE MIRAFLORES LOCKS, READY TO PASS INTO THE PACIFIC OCEAN.

[blocks in formation]

PROMOTION AND NATURAL SELECTION
By LIEUT. COMMANDER F. S. CRAVEN, U. S. Navy

I

It is necessary to have a clear understanding of the duties and functions of the commissioned personnel of the navy in order to form an intelligent opinion on promotion. These functions have been undergoing steady alteration in keeping with the rapid development of mechanical devices in all branches of the naval service. It is proposed to discuss generally the functions of the commissioned personnel which result from modern conditions, in order to establish the basis for the system of promotion and selection advocated in this article.

The United States Navy, built upon the principle that the best defence lies in a vigorous offensive, is, therefore, an offensive military organization. The personnel for such an organization should primarily be fighters, but the commissioned personnel necessarily have other duties as well. A most important duty--an essential duty-is to perfect the organization and the matériel so that the navy will be prepared to fight successfully when war

comes.

A navy, much more than an army, is an organization of slow development. Years are required to design and build a battleship, and months are required to train a recruit to be of material value as a member of its crew. A vital mistake in design, once incorporated into the fabric of a ship, can seldom be corrected, and, because of the cost and time involved, the defective ship cannot be discarded, but must be employed as a unit of the fleet.

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