which he unloaded into his own, and two fhips laden with fugar: but one having a leak that could not be found, he left it; the other he fent for England; and, by contrary winds, and want of victuals, it was forced into the Groyne, where it fell into the enemy's hands. Thefe feveral misfortunes obliged the earl to return to England, after having fent advice to the lord Thomas Howard, admiral of the English fleet, then waiting at the Azores to intercept the Weft India plate fleet, that there was a large Spanish fquadron ready to put

out to fea.

The next year the earl of Cumberland undertook a fifth expedition, in which he chofe not to make ufe of any of her majefty's fhips. He intended to have commanded in this voyage in perfon; but he was fo croffed with winds, that three months' provifions were fpent in harbours, before they could get to the westward of Plymouth; whereupon, being disappointed in his principal defign, namely the taking of the outward-bound Spanish carracks, he tranfferred the chief command to captain Norton, with inftructions to go to the Azores, and returned himself to London. His little fleet pursued their voyage, and one of the thips took, near Cafcais, and within fhot of the castle, a Portugueze fhip, which was conducted to England by the Golden Noble. The reft went to the Azores, and, with the afliftance of other English fhips, attacked the Santa Cruz, a large carrack, in the road of Lagowna, which the Spaniards fet on fire, after having put the beft of it's cargo on fhore; but the English landed, and made themselves mafters both of it and the town. The 3d of August they took another rich carrack, nained Madre de Dios, or the Mother of God, valued at a hundred and fifty thousand pounds fterling, which was brought to Dartmouth. The earl of Cumberland's thare, in proportion to his number of ships and men employed in that fervice, must have amounted to a very confiderable fum; but becaufe his commiffion had not provided for the cafe of his return, and the fubftituting another in his room, it was adjudged, that he fhould depend on the queen's mercy and bounty; and, by reafon of feveral embezzlements, not above the fifth part of the thip's value being brought to account, his lord hip was forced to fit down contented with thirty-fix thousand pounds; and that too as a mere matter of bounty and favour, not as his just right.

The earl, not hereby difcouraged, undertook a fixth voyage in the year 1593. Queen Elizabeth lent him, for this expedition, two fhips of her royal navy, namely, the Golden Lion, admiral, which his lordship commanded in perfop, and the Bonaventure, vice-admiral; to which he added four other fhips. He had not been long at fea, before he took two French fhips of great value, and afterwards feveral other prizes. However, perfevering too long, and experiencing many difafters, especially a fcarcity of victuals, they returned for England, and arrived at Portfmouth about the end of

Augu

Auguft, having done much harm to the enemy, and little good to themselves. Notwithstanding that, the earl of Cumberland refolved upon an eighth expedition in the year 1595. Thinking himfelf ill-ufed by the queen, in the fmall fhare he received of the treafure found in the Madre de Dios, and not liking to be tied to fuch ftrict orders as he was when he went out with any fhips of the royal navy, likewife being highly difpleafed at the lofs of two carracks, for want of a fufficient Itrength, he built at Deptford a fhip of his own, of nine hundred tons, which the queen, at the launching of it, named The Scourge of Malice. It was the best and largest ship that till then had ever been built by any English fubject. In this his lordship intended to have gone in perfon, and had prepared three other hips to accompany him; but when he had gone as far as Plymouth, the queen fent him an order, by Sir Walter Raleigh and Sir John Hawkins, to return; and he complied. The thips, however, pursued their voyage.

In 1596 his lordship fitted out a fecond time the Scourge of Malice, in which he went in perfon, accompanied with the Dreadnought, belonging to the queen, and fome other small ships. About thirty or forty leagues from England he met with a ftorm, wherein the Scourge fprang her main-maft, and was made unferviceable for that voyage, fo that he was forced to return to England in the Dreadnought.

The laft, and most confiderable expedition undertaken by the earl of Cumberland, was in the year 1598; having then fitted out and victualled his own fhip the Scourge of Malice, with nineteen others, chiefly at his own charge, he undertook a voyage in perfon to the West Indies, and for that purpose fet fail from Plymouth, March 6, 1597-8. In this expedition his lordship loft a barge, funk by his order in the haven, to the prejudice of the enemy; another barge, caft away in a storm at Bermudas; the Pegafus, wrecked upon the Goodwin fands; and the Old Frigate upon the Ufhant; in which two laft fhips forty perfons were drowned. He loft otherwife about feven hundred men, whereof fix hundred died of the bloody flux and calenture at Porto Rico, and fixty were flain in fight; and for the vast expences he was at in hiring and fitting up fhips, &c. he got nothing in this voyage, only fome quantities of hides, ginger, and fugar, eighty pieces of ordnance, with fome ammunition, the bells of the churches, and about the value of a thousand ducats of pearl. It was, however, of confiderable service to the English nation, and did great damage to the Spaniards; in that it hindered the carracks from making their voyage to the Eaft Indies for this year, and obftructed the return of the Spanish plate fleet from America.

By the eleven voyages above mentioned, and by building of ships, horfe-racing, tilting, and the like expensive exercises, this noble earl wafted more of his eftate than any of his ancestors. In 1592 he was elected knight of the Garter; in 1601 he was one of the lords that were fent with forces to reduce the earl of Effex to obedience.

A

He

departed

departed this life at the Savoy in London, October 30, 1605, and was buried at Skipton, in Craven, in Yorkshire, the 30th of March following; where a fine tomb was afterwards erected to his memory. He married Margaret, the third daughter of Francis earl of Bedford, by whom he had two fons, who died young; and a daughter, named Anne. Dying thus without iffue male, he was fucceeded in his honours by his brother Francis, who deceased in 1641, and had for fucceffor his only fon Henry; and he also dying the 11th of December, 1643, left one only daughter, Elizabeth, born in 1613, and married July 5, 1635, to Richard Boyle, Viscount Dungarvan, heir-apparent to Richard earl of Cork; created in 1644 lord Clifford of Lanfborough; and on the 20th of March, 1644, carl of Burlington, ancestor of the earls of that name.

CLIFFORD (THOMAS), lord high treasurer of England in the reign of king Charles II. was born August 1, 1630, at Ugbrook, in the parish of Chudlegh, in Devonshire, about nine miles from Exeter; and having in his youth had an education fuitable to his birth and quality, was, on the 25th of May, 1647, admitted gentleman commoner of Exeter college in Oxford. In 1650 he fupplicated for the degree of bachelor of arts; but whether he was admitted appears not. However, after having made fome confiderable stay in the univerfity, and well furnifhed himself with academical learning, he became a ftudent in the Middle Temple, London.. Having there continued awhile, he travelled into foreign parts; being accounted by his contemporaries a young man of a very unfettled head, or of a roving, fhattered brain. Notwithstanding that, having an excellent genius, highly improved by education, he returned home a moft accomplished gentleman. In the beginning of April, 1660, he was elected one of the burgeffes for Totnefs, to ferve in that parliament which began at Westminster the 25th of the fame month, and restored king Charles II. and, after his majefty's restoration, he was chofen again burgefs for the fame place, in the parliament which began the 8th of May, 1661. In this parliament he began to make a confiderable figure; for being a man of great vivacity, of a good prefence of mind and body, a found judgment, and ready elocution, he became a frequent and celebrated speaker in the Houfe, at firft againft, but at length in behalf of, the royal prerogative; for which being taken notice of at court, he was admitted into the king's favour, and foon after received the honour of knighthood. He was one of those members of the House of Commons who formed, foon after the Reftoration, the wicked project of railing the king's authority, and increasing his revenue, which was defeated by the honeft earl of Clarendon.

Being a perfon of a bold spirit and martial temper, he attended, in 1665, James duke of York at sea, and was in that fea fight with the Dutch which happened on the 3d of June. After this, continuing

in the fleet when it was commanded by Edward earl of Sandwich, vice-admirál, he was in the expedition of Bergen, in Norway, when, on the 2d of Auguft, the English attacked the Dutch East India fleet, which had taken refuge in that port. Soon after, he was fent envoy to the kings of Sweden and Denmark, with full power to conclude new treaties and alliances with them. The next year, 1666, he attended prince Rupert and the Duke of Albemarle at sea, in the expedition against the Dutch, and was in that great engagement which Jafted the four firft days of June; he was alfo with the fame generals on the 25th of July following, in another fight with the Dutch. In confideration of thefe great fervices, he was on the 8th of November following made comptroller of the king's houfhold, in the room of Sir Hugh Pollard, knight and baronet, who died the day before; and on the 5th of December enfuing, was fworn one of his majefty's privy council. The 13th of June, 1668, he was conftituted treafurer of the king's houfehold, upon the decease of Charles vilcount Fitz-Harding; and about the fame time was made, by patent, one of the lords commiffioners of the Treasury. In 1670 he became one of the king's cabinet council, known by the name of the Cabal; who contrived to render the king abfolute, to establish Po.. pery, and deftroy the Proteftant religion, to break the triple alliance, and to make war upon Holland, in all which they acted as the tools of France. The next year his majefty granted him fixty years leafe of the paftures of Creflow in Buckinghamshire; and the fame year he finished a new chapel at Ugbrook, which was confecrated and dedicated to St. Cyprian, by Anthony bishop of Exeter. Upon the death of Sir John Trevor, which was on the 28th of May, 1672, and in the abfence of Henry earl of Arlington, Sir Thomas executed the office of principal fecretary of ftate, till the return of the lord Arlington from his embaffy in Holland, and of Mr. Henry Coventry, from his embaffy into Sweden. For his great fervices to king Charles II. and his brother, the duke of York, he was, on the 20th of April, 1672, created by patent baron Clifford, of Chudlegh, in the county of Devon, to him and his heirs male; and in June following his majefty gave him the manors of Cannington and Rodway Fitz-Payn, in Somerfetfhire. Moreover, having ad vifed king Charles to thut up the Exchequer, he was, for that important advice, rewarded on the 28th of November with the most profitable office of lord high treasurer of England, which had been executed by commiffioners ever fince the death of Thomas earl of Southampton: but being heated with the defign of bringing in Popery, even to enthusiasm, he was guilty of fome indecencies, which occa fioned his lofing foon that place; for, in purfuance of his and the reft of the Cabal's defigns, king Charles having, for the fervice of Popery, pubiithed, March 15, 1671-2, a declaration for indulgence, or liberty of confcience, wherein the execution of penal laws, against whatfoever

whatfoever fort of Nonconformifts or Recufants, was fufpended, the Houfe of Commons, which began to perceive the king's defigns, voted that declaration to be againft law. In oppofition to this vote, and two addreffes to the king fubfequent thereupon, the lord Clifford refolved to maintain, in the Houfe of Lords, the validity of that declaration with all the force and all the arguments he could bring for it. He began the debate with rough words; calling the vote of the Commons a horrible monfter, and running on in a very high train. He faid, in fhort, all that could be faid, with great heat, and many indecent expreffions.

Though this fpeech was agreeable to the king, it raised fuch a flame in the parliament, that the Cabal durft not purfue their pro-. jects; and the earl of Shaftesbury deferting them, the king was prevailed upon to recall and cancel his declaration. Thereupon the lord Clifford was difgraced, and refigning the white staff on the 19th of June, 1673, retired to his country feat at Ugbrook; where, in September following, he died of the tone, being aged forty-three years, and about a month. He was buried in a vault under the chapel he had built, as is related above.

This lord's character is fufficiently evident from what is said of him in this article; but, befides that, Mr. Prince informs us, that he was a gentleman of a proper manly body, of a large and noble mind, of a found head, and a ftout heart. He not only had, but had the command of, moft excellent parts, and knew how to employ them to his own beft advantage. He had a voluble flowing tongue, a ready wit, a firm judgment, and an undaunted courage and refolution. He married Elizabeth, daughter and coheir to William Martin, of Lindridge, in Devonshire, Efq. by whom he had fifteen children, and was fucceeded in honour and eftate by his eldeft furviving fon George, who dying in 1690, the title devolved on his brother Hugh, who departed this life October 12, 1730, and had for his fucceffor Hugh, who dying March 25, 1732, was fucceeded by Hugh, the prefent Lord Clifford.

CLIVE (ROBERT), baron of Plaffey, one of the most extroardinary characters which this or any age has produced, was born at Styche, in the parish of Moreton-Say, near Market-Drayton, in Shropshire, on the 29th of September, in the year 1725. His father, Richard Clive, inherited the eftate of Styche, the ancient poffeffion of his family; but thinking the income, which fcarcely exceeded five hundred pounds a year, too fmall a provifion, he followed the business of the law.

In his early youth Robert was fent to a private school, Dr. Eaton's, of Loftock, in Chefhire. The doctor obferved that in courage and fagacity he far furpaffed his fellows, and difcerned in the fchool-boy the character of the future hero. "If," faid he," that VOL. IV.

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lad