period shall be sufficient to establish a right to a patent thereto under this chapter, in the absence of any adverse claim; but nothing in this chapter shall be deemed to impair any lien which may have attached in any way whatever to any mining claim or property thereto attached prior to the issuance of a patent.

16 Stat. 217; R. S. 2332.

§ 648. Proceedings for Patent for Placer Claims, etc.-Where the same person, association, or corporation is in possession of a placer claim, and also a vein or lode included within the boundaries thereof, application shall be made for a patent for the placer claim, with the statement that it includes such vein or lode, and in such case a patent shall issue for the placer claim, subject to the provisions of this chapter, including such vein or lode, upon the payment of $5 per acre for such vein or lode claim, and twenty-five feet of surface on each side thereof. The remainder of the placer claim, or any placer claim not embracing any vein or lode claim, shall be paid for at e rate of $2.50 per acre, together with all costs of proceedings; and where a vein or lode, such as is described in section 637, is known to exist within the boundaries of a placer claim, an application for a patent for such placer claim, which does not include an application for the vein or lode claim, shall be construed as a conclusive declaration that the claimant of the placer claim has no right of possession of the vein or lode claim; but where the existence of a vein or lode in a placer claim is not known, a patent for the placer claim shall convey all valuable mineral and other deposits within the boundaries thereof. 17 Stat. 94; 19 Id. 52; R. S. 2333.

§ 649. Surveyor General to Appoint Surveyors of Mning Claims, etc.-The surveyor general of the United States may appoint in each land district containing mineral lands as many competent surveyors as shall apply for appointment to survey mining claims. The expenses of the survey of vein or lode claims, and the survey and subdivision of placer claims into smaller quantities than 160 acres, together with the cost of publication of notices, shall be paid by the applicants, and they shall be at liberty to obtain the same at the most rusonable rates, and they shall also be at liberty to employ any United States deputy surveyor to make the survey. The commissioner of the general land office shall also have power to establish the maximum charges for surveys and publication of notices under this chapter; and in case of excessive charges for publication,

he may designate any newspaper published in a land district where mines are situated for publication of mining notices in such district, and fix the rates to be charged by such paper; and to the end that the commissioner may be fully informed on the subject, each applicant shall file with the register a sworn statement of all charges and fees paid by such applicant for publication and surveys, together with all fees and money paid the register and the receiver of the land office, which statement shall be transmitted, with the other papers in the case, to the commissioner of the general land office.

17 Stat. 95; 19 Id. 52; R. S. 2334.

§ 650. Verification of Affidavits, etc.-All affidavits required to be made under this chapter may be verified before any officer authorized to administer oaths within the land district where the claims may be situated, and all testimony and proofs may be taken before any such officer, and when duly certified by the officer taking the same, shall have the same force and effect as if taken before the register and receiver of the land office. In cases of contest as to the mineral or agricultural character of land, the testimony and proofs may be taken as herein provided on personal notice of at least ten days to the opposing party; or if such party can not be found, then by publication of at least once a week for thirty days in a newspaper, to be designated by the register of the land office as published nearest to the location of such land, and the register shall require proof that such notice has been given.

17 Stat. 95; 19 Id. 52; R. S. 2335.

§ 651. Where Veins Intersect, etc.-Where two or more veins intersect or cross each other, priority of title shall govern, and such prior location shall be entitled to all ore or mineral contained within the space of intersection; but the subsequent location shall have the right of way through the space of intersection for the purposes of the convenient working of the mine. And where two or more veins unite, the oldest or prior location shall take the vein below the point of union, including all the space of intersection.

17 Stat. 96; 19 Id. 52; R. S. 2336.

652. Patents for Non-mineral Lands, etc.-Where non-mineral land not contiguous to the vein or lode is used or occupied by the proprietor of such vein or lode for mining or milling purposes, such non-adjacent surface ground may be embraced and included in an application for a patent for such vein or lode, and

the same may be patented therewith, subject to the same preliminary requirements as to survey and notice as are applicable to veins or lodes; but no location hereafter made of such non-adjacent land shall exceed five acres, and payment for the same must be made at the same rate as fixed by this chapter for the superficies of the lode. The owner of a quartz-mill or reductionworks, not owning a mine in connection therewith, may also receive a patent for his mill site, as provided in this section. 17 Stat. 96; 19 Id. 52; R. S. 2337.

§ 653. What Conditions of Sale may be Made by Local Legislature. As a condition of sale, in the absence of necessary legislation by congress, the local legislature of any state or territory may provide rules for working mines, involving easements, drainage, and other necessary means to their complete development; and those conditions shall be fully expressed in the patent.

14 Stat. 252; 19 Id. 52; R. S. 2338.

§ 654. Vested Rights to Use of Water for Mining, etc.-Right of Way for Canals.-Whenever, by priority of possession, rights to the use of water for mining, agricultural, manufacturing, or other purposes have vested and accrued, and the same are recognized and acknowledged by the local customs, laws, and the decisions of courts, the possessors and owners of such vested rights shall be maintained and protected in the same; and the right of way for the construction of ditches and canals for the purposes herein specified is acknowledged and confirmed; but whenever any person, in the construction of any ditch or canal, injures or damages the possession of any settler on the public domain, the party committing such injury or damage shall be liable to the party injured for such injury or damage.

14 Stat. 253; R. S. 2339.

§ 655. Patents, Pre-emptions, and Homesteads Subject to Vested and Accrued Water Rights.-All patents granted, or pre-emption or homesteads allowed, shall be subject to any vested and accrued water rights, or rights to ditches and reservoirs used in connection with such water rights, as may have been acquired under or recognized by the preceding section.

16 Stat. 218; R. S. 2340.

§ 656. Mineral Lands in Which No Valuuble Mines are Discovered Open to Homesteads.-Wherever, upon the lands heretofore designated as mineral lands, which have been excluded. from survey and sale, there have been homesteads made by

citizens of the United States, or persons who have declared their intention to become citizens, which homesteads have been made, improved, and used for agricultural purposes, and upon which there have been no valuable mines of gold, silver, cinnabar, or copper discovered, and which are properly agricultural lands, the settlers or owners of such homesteads shall have a right of pre-emption thereto, and shall be entitled to purchase the same at the price of $1.25 per acre, and in quantity not to exceed 160 acres; or they may avail themselves of the provisions of chapter 8, relating to homesteads.

14 Stat. 253; R. S. 2341.

§ 657. Mineral Lands, how Set Apart as Agricultural Lands.— Upon the survey of the lands described in the preceding section, the secretary of the interior may designate and set apart such portions of the same as are clearly agricultural lands, which lands shall thereafter be subject to pre-emption and sale as other public lands, and be subject to all the laws and regulations applicable to the same.

14 Stat. 253; R. S. 2342.

§ 658. Additional Land Districts and Officers, Powers of the President to Provide.-The president is authorized to establish additional land districts, and to appoint the necessary officers under existing laws, whenever he may deem the same necessary for the public convenience in executing the provisions of this chapter.

14 Stat. 252; R. S. 2343.

§ 659. Provisions of this Chapter not to Affect Certain Rights.— Nothing contained in this chapter shall be construed to impair in any way rights or interests in mining property acquired under existing laws; nor to affect the provisions of the act entitled "An act granting to A. Sutro the right of way and other privileges to aid in the construction of a draining and exploring tunnel to the Comstock lode, in the State of Nevada," approved July 25, 1866.

16 Stat. 218; 17 Id. 96; 19 Id. 52; R. S. 2344.

§ 660. Mineral Lands in Certain States Excepted.-The provisions of the preceding sections of this chapter shall not apply to the mineral lands situated in the states of Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota, which are declared free and open to exploration and purchase, according to legal subdivisions, in like manner as before the tenth day of May, 1872. And any bona fide entries of such lands within the states named since the tenth

day of May, 1872, may be patented without reference to any of the foregoing provisions of this chapter. Such lands shall be offered for public sale in the same manner, at the same minimum price, and under the same rights of pre-emption as other public lands.

17 Stat. 465; R. S. 2345.

§ 661. Deposits of Coal, Iron, and Lead in Missouri and Kansas Excepted. Within the states of Missouri and Kansas deposits of coal, iron, lead, or other mineral are excluded from the operation of the preceding sections of this chapter, and all lands in said states shall be subject to disposal as agricultural lands.

19 Stat. 52.

§ 662. Grants of Lands to States or Corporations not to Include Mineral Lands.-No act passed at the first session of the thirtyeighth congress, granting lands to states or corporations to aid in the construction of roads or for other purposes, or to extend the time of grants made prior to the thirtieth day of January, 1865, shall be so construed as to embrace mineral lands, which in all cases are reserved exclusively to the United States, unless otherwise specially provided in the act or acts making the grant; and all mineral lands are excepted from the operation and grants of laws heretofore granting lands to the state of Colorado.

13 Stat. 576; 18 Id. 476; R. S. 2346.

§ 663. Entry of Coal Lands.-Every person above the age of twenty-one years, who is a citizen of the United States, or who has declared his intention to become such, or any association of persons severally qualified as above, shall, upon application to the register of the proper land office, have the right to enter, by legal subdivisions, any quantity of vacant coal lands of the United States not otherwise appropriated or reserved by competent authority, not exceeding 160 acres to such individual person, or 320 acres to such association, upon payment to the receiver of not less than $10 per acre for such lands, where the same shall be situated more than fifteen miles from any completed railroad, and not less than $20 per acre for such lands as shall be within fifteen miles of such road.

17 Stat. 607; R. S. 2347.

§ 664. Pre-emption of Coal Lands.-Any person or association of persons, severally qualified as above provided, who have opened and improved, or shall hereafter open and improve, any coal mine or mines upon the public lands, and shall be in actual possession of the same, shall be entitled to a preference