purposes of this act, as follows (1) A tenement house is any house or building, or portion thereof, which is rented, leased, let, or hired out, to be occupied, or is arranged or designed to be occupied, or is occupied as the home or residence of three families or more, living independently of each other, and doing their cooking upon the premises, and having a common right in the halls, stairways, or yards. (2) A yard is an open unoccupied space on the same lot with a tenement house, between the extreme rear line of the house and the rear line of the lot. (3) A court is an open unoccupied space, other than a yard, on the same lot with a tenement house; a court not extending to the street or yard is an inner court; a court extending to the street or yard is an outer court; if it extends to the street it is a street court; if it extends to the yard it is a yard court. (4) A public hall is a hall, corridor, or passageway not within an apartment. (5) A basement is a story partly, but not more than one-half below the level of the grade. (6) A cellar is a story more than onehalf below the level of the grade. (7) The word "shall" is mandatory and not directory, and denotes that the house shall be maintained in all respects according to the mandate, as long as it continues to be a tenement house. (8) In determining the number of stories in a tenement house, a basement or an attic shall be counted as a story if it is occupied or designed to be occupied for living purposes.

No tenement house hereafter erected shall occupy more than ninety per centum of a corner lot, or more than seventy-five per centum of any other lot less than sixty feet in depth, or more than seventy per centum of any other lot sixty feet or more in depth; provided, that the space occupied by fire escapes shall not be deemed a part of the lot occupied. For the purposes of this section the measurements shall be taken at the ground level, except that where such

a building has no basement, and the cellar ceiling is not more than three feet above the grade level, the measurements as to the percentage of the lot occupied may be taken at the level of the second tier of beams. The provisions of this section shall not apply to a tenement house hereafter erected running through from one street to another street; provided, that the lot on which such house is situated does not exceed one hundred feet in depth.

Behind every tenement house hereafter erected, unless the house extends through from one street to another street, there shall be a yard extending across the entire width of the lot and, except upon a corner lot, at every point open from the ground to the sky unobstructed; but fire escapes or unenclosed outside stairs may project not over five feet from the rear line of the house. The depth of said yard, measured from the extreme rear wall of the house to the rear line of the lot, shall be as set forth in sections five and six of this act.

Except upon a corner lot, the depth of the yard behind every tenement house hereafter erected, two stories in height, shall be not less than ten feet in every part; and said yard shall be increased in depth one foot for every additional story above two stories in the height of the building.

The depth of the yard behind every tenement house hereafter erected upon a corner lot shall be not less than ten feet in every part; provided, that where such lot is less than one hundred feet in depth, the depth of the yard may be not less than ten per centum of the depth of such lot, but shall never be less than five feet in every part, nor less than the minimum width of an outer court on the lot line as prescribed by section eight. Where a tenement house hereafter erected on a corner lot has no basement, and the cellar ceiling is not more than three feet above the grade level, said yard may

start at the level of the second tier of beams. Where a corner lot is more than fifty feet in width, the yard for that portion in excess of fifty feet shall conform to the provisions of section five of this act.

No court of a tenement house hereafter erected shall be covered by a roof or skylight, but every such court shall be at every point open from the ground to the sky unobstructed.

Where one side of an outer court is situated on the lot line, the width of the said court, measured from the lot line to the opposite wall of the building, for tenement houses hereafter erected, shall be not less than four feet in any part, for houses two stories in height; and for every additional story above the two stories in the height of the said building, such width shall be increased six inches throughout the entire height of said court; but this requirement shall not prevent a building from approaching nearer the lot line; provided, that no room in the building obtains its light or ventilation from windows opening upon such narrower court.

Where an outer court is situated between wings or parts of the same building, or between different buildings on the same lot, the width of the said court, measured from wall to wall, for tenement houses hereafter erected two stories in height, shall be not less than eight feet in any part; and for every additional story above two stories in the height of the said building, such width shall be increased one foot throughout the entire height of the said court.

Where one side of an inner court is situated on the lot line, the width of the said court, measured from the lot line to the opposite wall of the building, for tenement houses hereafter erected two stories in height, shall be not less than five feet in any part, and the other horizontal dimension shall be not less than ten feet in any part; and for every

additional story above two stories in the height of the said building, such width shall be increased one foot throughout the entire height of said court, and the other horizontal dimension shall be increased two feet throughout the entire height of said court. Where an inner court is not situated upon the lot line, but is enclosed on all four sides, the least horizontal dimension of the said court, for tenement houses hereafter erected two stories in height, shall be not less than ten feet; and for every additional story above two stories in the height of the said. building, the said court shall be increased two feet in each horizontal dimension throughout the entire height of said court.

Every inner court shall be provided with one or more horizontal in-takes at the bottom. Such intakes shall always communicate directly with the street or yard, and shall consist of a passageway of not less than five square feet in area, which shall be left open, or if not open there shall be provided in said passageway open grilles or transoms and such open grilles or transoms shall not be covered over by glass or otherwise.

In computing the size of courts and yards, and the percentage of a lot which may be built upon, a mutual gangway between two building lots shall be counted as if divided equally between the two adjacent lots. Nothing contained in the foregoing sections concerning outer and inner courts shall be construed as preventing windows at the angles of said courts; provided, that the running length of the wall containing such windows does not exceed six feet. Offsets or recesses in outer or inner courts may be made; provided, that the width of such offsets or recesses shall in every case be equal to or greater than the depth. When a tenement house hereafter erected has no basement, the courts mentioned in the preceding sections may start at the level of the second tier of beams.

No separate tenement house shall hereafter be erected upon the rear of a lot where there is a tenement house on the front of the said lot, nor upon the front of any such lot upon the rear of which there is such a tenement house, unless the distance between the two tenemeent houses is at least thirty feet.

In every tenement house hereafter erected every room, except water-closet compartments and bathrooms, shall have at least one window opening directly upon the street, or upon a yard or court of the same lot, of the dimensions specified in sections four to thirteen, inclusive, of this act; and such windows shall be so located as to properly light all portions of such rooms, and shall have a total area in each room of at least one-eighth of the area of the floor of the room.

In every tenement house hereafter erected, all rooms, except water-closet compartments and bathrooms, shall be of the following minimum sizes; in each apartment there shall be at least one room containing not less than one hundred and twenty square feet of floor area, and each other room shall contain at least seventy square feet of floor area. Each room shall be in every part not less than eight feet six inches high from the finished floor to the finished ceiling; provided, that an attic room need be eight feet six inches high in but one-half of its area.

In every tenement house hereafter erected, the public hall upon each floor shall be provided with a window, or a glazed door, opening to the street, the yard, or upon a court of the size prescribed in sections seven to thirteen, inclusive, of this act, unless the hall is within three stories from the roof. In every such tenement house three stories or more in height, where the public hall upon the third floor from the roof is not provided with an outside window or an outside glazed door, there shall be a