stair-well extending from this floor to the roof, said stair-well to be at least twelve inches wide over this hall and at least eighteen inches wide over the hall above. All doors leading from public halls not proIvided with outside windows, and more than two stories below the roof, shall be provided with translucent glass panels of an area of not less than five square feet for each door, or with fixed transoms or translucent glass of an area of not less than five square feet over each door, or such halls shall be lighted by an equivalent amount of translucent glass connecting with a lighted room or rooms. Long and devious hallways shall have such additional provisions as may be necessary to give adequate light, subject to the approval of the building inspector.

In every tenement house hereafter erected, one at least, of the windows provided to light each public hall or part thereof shall be at least ten square feet in area, measured between the stop beads. In every such house where the public halls upon each floor are not provided with windows. opening directly to the outer air, there shall be in the roofs, directly over each stair-well, a ventilating skylight provided with ridge ventilators having a minimum opening of forty square inches, or such skylight shall be provided with fixed or movable louvres; the glazed roof of such skylight shall be not less than twenty square feet in area.

erected

In every every tenement house hereafter there shall be a water-closet in each apartment of four or more rooms, and at least one water-closet for every two apartments of less than four rooms each. Each water-closet shall be in a separate compartment or bathroom, upon the same floor with the apartment which it accommodates. Except as hereinafter provided, each water-closet compartment or bathroom in any tenement house hereafter

erected shall have a window opening directly upon the street, a yard, a court or upon a vent shaft. Every such window shall be of at least three square feet in area, and shall open freely. A water-closet compartment or bathroom, however, if provided. with a separate ventilating flue of non-corroding material and of at least thirty-six square inches in area, leading directly to the roof, may be lighted from an adjoining room or hall by translucent glass in a fixed sash; provided, that the glazed surface shall be of at least twelve square feet in area. Every vent shaft in a tenement house hereafter erected shall be constructed of fireproof material; not more than two water-closets or bathrooms shall open upon such a shaft on one floor of a tenement house, and no two water-closet or bathroom windows opening upon such shaft on the same floor shall be opposite each other. No such vent shaft shall be less than thirty inches in either dimension. If the area of such a shaft is less than twelve square feet, every bathroom or water-closet compartment below the upper story and, if the area is less than twenty-four square feet, every bathroom or watercloset compartment below the second story from the roof, and opening into such shaft, shall be provided with additional light through translucent glass windows of at least four square feet in area, connecting with other portions of the tenement. Every such vent shaft shall be uncovered, or shall be provided with openings at the top equal in total area to the area of the vent shaft, and shall be provided with a horizontal in-take or duct at the bottom communicating with the street or yard, or with a court; such duct or in-take shall be not less than two square feet in area, and shall be so arranged as to be easily cleaned out.

In every apartment of three or more rooms, in a tenement house hereafter erected, access to

every living room and bedroom and to at least one water-closet compartment shall be had without passing through any bedroom.

In tenement houses hereafter

erected, no

room in the cellar or in the basement shall be constructed, altered, converted, or occupied for living purposes, unless all of the following conditions are complied with: (1) Such room shall be at least eight feet six inches high, in every part, from the floor to the ceiling. (2) The ceiling of such room shall be at least four feet and six inches above the surface of the street or ground outside of or adjoining the same. (3) All walls surrounding such room shall be damp-proof. (4) The floor of such room shall be damp-proof and water-proof.

The floor of the cellar or the lowest floor of every tenement house shall be water-tight, and the cellar ceiling shall be plastered, except where the first floor above the cellar is constructed of iron beams and fire-proof filling.

No building, not used as a tenement house at the time at which this act takes effect, shall be converted to such use unless it complies with the provisions of this act.

No tenement house shall be altered, added to, or changed so as to diminish the light, ventilation, or court or yard spaces existing before such alterations were made, in any way not approved by the department or officer charged with the execution of this act.

Before the construction or alteration of a tenement house or the alteration or conversion of a building for use as a tenement house is commenced, the owner, or his agent or architect, shall submit to the building inspector or other local officer authorized to issue building permits, a detailed statement in writing, verified by the affidavit of the person making the same, of the specifications for the

construction, and for the lighting and ventilation. of such tenement house or building, upon a blank or form to be furnished by such officer, and shall also submit a copy of the plans of such work. Such statement shall give in full the name and residence, by street and number, of the owner or owners of such tenement house or building. If such construction, alteration, or conversion is proposed to be made by any other person than the owner of the land in fee, such statement shall contain the full name and residence, by street and number, not only of the owner of the land, but of every person thus interested in such tenement house. The statements and affidavits herein provided for may be made by the owner, or the person who proposes to make the construction, alteration, or conversion, or by his agent or architect. No person, however, shall be recognized as the agent of the owner unless he shall file with the said officer a written instrument, signed by such owner, designating him as such agent. Such specifications and statements shall be filed with the said officer and shall be deemed public records, but no such specifications or statements shall be removed from the custody of said officer. The said officer shall cause all such plans and specifications to be examined, and if such plans and specifications conform to the provisions of this act and to the building ordinances and regulations, they shall be approved by such officer, and a written certificate to that effect shall be issued to the person submitting the same. The officer may, from time to time, approve changes in any plans and specifications previously approved by him; provided, that the plans and specifications when so changed shall be in conformity with law. The construction, alteration, or conversion of such tenement house, building, or structure, or any part thereof, shall not be commenced until the filing of such specifications,

plans, and statements, and the approval thereof, as above provided.

No building hereafter constructed as, or altered into, a tenement house shall be occupied, in whole or in part, for human habitation until the issuance of a certificate by the officer aforesaid that said building conforms in all respects to the requirements of this act. Such certificate shall be issued within ten days after written application therefor, if said building, at the date of such application, shall be entitled thereto.

If any building hereafter constructed as. or altered into, a tenement house be occupied in whole or in part for human habitation in violation of the last section, during such unlawful occupation no rent shall be recoverable by the owner or lessee of such premises for said period, and no action or special proceedings shall be maintained therefor.

Nothing in this act shall be construed to abrogate or impair the powers of a local department of health, the fire department, or of the.courts or any other lawful authority, to enforce any provisions of any city charter or building ordinances and regulations not inconsistent with this act, or to prevent or punish violations thereof.

It shall be the duty of every inspector of buildings, fire marshal, or other person authorized to issue building permits, by whatever name known, to enforce the provisions of this act, and to report all violations thereof to the proper prosecuting officer.

Every owner or lessee of land, and every builder or architect who shall authorize, make, or approve any construction or alteration of any building in violation of this act, shall be fined not less than twenty-five dollars nor more than five hundred dollars, and if any violation of this act re