Kadel & Herbert

AIRPLANE VIEW OF ELLIS ISLAND, WHERE IMMIGRANTS ARE EXAMINED BEFORE ENTERING THE UNITED STATES

Hohenzollerns." Of a leader in his own party, namely, William Jennings Bryan, he said as long ago as 1900: "He has had his fling and has failed. He should yield leadership to other hands and devote himself to healing the breaches." And after Theodore Roosevelt's death, Watterson said, "Our differences cut no figure in our personal relations."

If sometimes excessively outspoken, Colonel Watterson was not at all irresponsible. In a review of his autobiography, published in 1920, we quoted his serious view of newspaper duty: "I truly believe that next after business

that theoretically Watterson made implacable enemies, but practically he did not, because, though his temper was hot, his nature was kindly. He hated emotionalism and hysteria, but he was always ready to fight for his political principles, even though at times he skirmished outside party lines.

By Colonel Watterson's death the country loses a brilliant writer, a notable public figure, a man of marked individuality, and one of surprising vitality.

LO, THE POOR IMMIGRANT!

integrity in newspaper management C

comes disinterestedness in the public service, an ext after disinterestedness Come moderation and intelligence, cleanliness and good feeling in dealing with affairs and its readers." Speaking to a gathering of newspaper men on the day of Colonel Watterson's death, a Washington correspondent who as a younger man served under Colonel Watterson on the "Courier-Journal" quoted him as saying: "A 'Courier-Journal' reporter always gets the news, and always gets it first; but he always remembers in getting it that the 'Courier-Journal' is a gentleman."

It would be hard to say whether Watterson was the more striking and salient figure in journalistic life or in political life. Both sides are brought out in the autobiography, and we strongly recommend Americans generally to read that book, which is one of the most illuminating and entertaining of American biographies.

A keen and just characterization is that of one writer, who says, in effect,

.

HRISTMAS on Ellis Island, in New York Harbor, was different from any preceding Christmas there.

Heretofore those who have been compelled to spend that day on that island had at least the pleasant anticipation of entering a new and prosperous life in America. But on Christmas day, 1921, Ellis Island held more immigrants than it had capacity for, and very many of them were deprived of any anticipation of a new and prosperous life in America.

They were facing deportation. The transatlantic steamship companies have delivered aliens in excess of the quotas established under the Immigration Law passed last May. That law limits the annual number of incoming immigrants to three per cent of the number of foreign-born persons of any nationality in the United States-a mechanical and mediæval provision, as The Outlook has said. It deprives us of aliens whom we want and gives us aliens whom we do not want.

It provides that a fixed number of Poles, for instance, may be admitted to

the country during each month of the year, the total forming, of course, three per cent of the Poles already resident in America. Now the Poles in Europe who want to come here may embark from Dantsic, as the one Polish port, or from any other port, may take passage on any ship, and may arrive at New York, Boston, Philadelphia, or other Atlantic ports. Not until the vessels containing these Poles have docked is it finally possible to decide how many incoming Poles have a right to remain here.

Suppose the immigrant is deported. What then? Many families have sold their homes and have spent practically all that they had in getting to ports and paying steamship fares. Now they must return in this winter-time to their own impoverished countries, with no home to go to and probably without the opportunity of taking up again the work they had abandoned. There may be even something worse. The story is told of some Armenian women and children who three months ago came to the United States seeking safety, who were deported because the Armenian quota had been exceeded, and who returned to meet, not only death, but a still more terrible fate.

THE ATLANTIC CARRIERS

I'

T is not unnatural that the transatlantic steamship companies should wish to take as many emigrant passengers as they think they can land. They have been exasperatingly exceeding their monthly immigrant quotas, despite the fact that they had before them figures showing the exact status of the quotas from each country. No less than three thousand aliens in excess of these quotas have been disembarked at our ports. Some immigrants, by executive clemency, have been temporarily admitted under bond, where it has been shown that deportation would be an extreme offense against humanity, and in addition, the eleven hundred immigrants at Ellis Island under orders to be deported have now been admitted for ninety days. More than twelve hundred aliens have been returned to their former homes because of excess of quotas. At present over two thousand aliens in New York Harbor await an opportunity to be landed.

Hence, at the Secretary of Labor's in stance, Representative Johnson, of the State of Washington, Chairman of the House Immigration Committee, has introduced a bill empowering the Secretary of Labor to penalize steamship lines by withdrawing immigration privileges from them for continued violation of the quota law. Nor is this all. As the result of that law shows, in too

many cases efforts to get immigrants into this country amount to fraud, Mr. Johnson has also introduced a bill by which he would suspend the immigration of aliens to the United States for three years, the bill not applying to Government officials, to travelers or temporary sojourners for pleasure or business, to students who may enter the United States solely for the purpose of study in educational institutions particularly designated by them, to ministers of any religious denomination, or to husbands, wives, and minor children of naturalized citizens or of persons who have taken out their first papers.

Mr. Johnson's bills should sufficiently warn the steamship companies.

THE CHRISTMAS AMNESTY

HE President on December 25 com

muted the sentences of a number of men convicted for violation of laws designed for the protection of the country during the progress of the war. Apparently in each instance the cases have been carefully reviewed and the decision rendered with the desire in view of protecting the interests of the country and serving justice. To disagree in certain instances with these decisions is not to criticise the motives which led to them.

The release of all prisoners convicted under war law is something which extreme radicals, pacifists, and sentimentalists regard as highly desirable. The normal-minded citizen is not inclined to take so generous a position, for he realizes that there are some things which no self-governing and self-perpetuating country can afford to give away. One of these things is the right and duty to protect itself from destruction. The law regards the deliberate taking of a human life as the most serious offense that the individual can commit. What can be said, therefore, in the case of the man or woman who attempts to take the life of a whole nation and who commits this act when that nation is in a life-and-death struggle with a foreign foe? Some of those who committed acts during the war tending toward such a consummation were undoubtedly of unsound mind. Some of them were ig norant men and women who were led astray by cleverer and more vicious associates. Still others were active sympathizers with Germany and her aim of world conquest.

It is perhaps time that the more ignorant of those who were convicted of war crimes-the instigators of these crimes only too often escaped-should be released. Perhaps it is time to release those whose mental disabilities do not render them a menace to the coun

International

try in time of peace. Perhaps it is time to release those whose physical infirmities likewise limit the danger that might arise from their release from control. But in each instance the test should be the good of the country and not the desire to turn the way of the transgressor into a bed of roses.

Among the criminals recently released by the President there seemed to be some whom it was the plain duty of the Executive authority to release. There are others the propriety of whose release will seem to many to be doubtful. One of these is Eugene V. Debs. On the list there is at least one name of a man whose release is an affront to every soldier. On his behalf it cannot be maintained that he was actuated by a mistaken idealism or moral convictions of any sort. One can understand how a man might honestly oppose the draft even to the point of martyrdom, but no man can honestly accept bribes for the issuance of fictitious exemptions from the draft. The fact that this convict served as a Government witness in other cases will not be accepted by ex-service men as a satisfactory explanation of his release. It is such cases as this which make the veterans of the world war feel that their services have been forgotten and in vain. If it were possible, we would not release from prison a man who sold exemptions from the draft until fifty years after the last veterans of the war were dead. Even then it might make some of them turn in their graves.

THE NEW PATRIARCH OF
THE GREEK CHURCH

HE Most Rev. Meletios Metaxakis, Archbishop of Athens, in the Greek Church, has been elected Patriarch by the Holy Synod sitting at Constantinople. It is the highest ecclesiastical authority and corresponds to the College of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church.

The election, however, has not been received with favor either in Constantinople or in Athens. It has been objected to by certain Constantinople authorities, who, not unmindful that Meletios is the first Patriarch to be elected in many centuries without political intervention, allege that a majority of the members of the Synod were absent from that body at the time of the election. The objection from Athens (it may have possibly inspired that froni Constantinople) is what perhaps might have been expected from King Constan tine. Meletios is a friend and supporter of ex-Premier Venizelos, and when Constantine returned to the throne was one of those marked for royal vengeance. As soon as Constantine found himself secure in his place he ousted Meletios from the Archbishopric. The King's present attitude, which he has made the attitude of the Greek Government, if not a spiteful political trick, is at least another attempt again to interfere with ecclesiastical order and procedure.

Though evidence of the strength of the Patriarch-Elect's position may be wanting in Constantinople and Athens, it is

Kadel & Herbert

Hohenzollerns." Of a leader in his own party, namely, William Jennings Bryan, he said as long ago as 1900: "He has had his fling and has failed. He should yield leadership to other hands and devote himself to healing the breaches." And after Theodore Roosevelt's death, Watterson said, "Our differences cut no figure in our personal relations."

If sometimes excessively outspoken, Colonel Watterson was not at all irresponsible. In a review of his autobiography, published in 1920, we quoted his serious view of newspaper duty: "I truly believe that next after business integrity in newspaper management comes disinterestedness in the public service, and next after disinterestedness come moderation and intelligence, cleanliness and good feeling in dealing with affairs and its readers." Speaking to a gathering of newspaper men on the day of Colonel Watterson's death, a Washington correspondent who as a younger man served under Colonel Watterson on the "Courier-Journal" quoted him as saying: "A 'Courier-Journal' reporter always gets the news, and always gets it first; but he always remembers in getting it that the 'Courier-Journal' is a gentleman."

It would be hard to say whether Watterson was the more striking and salient figure in journalistic life or in political life. Both sides are brought out in the autobiography, and we strongly recommend Americans generally to read that book, which is one of the most illuminating and entertaining of American biographies.

A keen and just characterization is that of one writer, who says, in effect,

that theoretically Watterson made implacable enemies, but practically he did not, because, though his temper was hot, his nature was kindly. He hated emotionalism and hysteria, but he was always ready to fight for his political principles, even though at times he skirmished outside party lines.

By Colonel Watterson's death the country loses a brilliant writer, a notable public figure, a man of marked individuality, and one of surprising vitality.

LO, THE POOR IMMIGRANT!

C

HRISTMAS on Ellis Island, in New York Harbor, was different from any preceding Christmas there.

Heretofore those who have been compelled to spend that day on that island had at least the pleasant anticipation of entering a new and prosperous life in America. But on Christmas day, 1921, Ellis Island held more immigrants than it had capacity for, and very many of them were deprived of any anticipation of a new and prosperous life in America.

They were facing deportation. The transatlantic steamship companies have delivered aliens in excess of the quotas established under the Immigration Law passed last May. That law limits the annual number of incoming immigrants to three per cent of the number of foreign-born persons of any nationality in the United States-a mechanical and mediæval provision, as The Outlook has said. It deprives us of aliens whom we want and gives us aliens whom we do not want.

It provides that a fixed number of Poles, for instance, may be admitted to

the country during each month of the year, the total forming, of course, three per cent of the Poles already resident in America. Now the Poles in Europe who want to come here may embark from Dantsic, as the one Polish port, or from any other port, may take passage on any ship, and may arrive at New York, Boston, Philadelphia, or other Atlantic ports. Not until the vessels containing these Poles have docked is it finally possible to decide how many incoming Poles have a right to remain here.

Suppose the immigrant is deported. What then? Many families have sold their homes and have spent practically all that they had in getting to ports and paying steamship fares. Now they must return in this winter-time to their own impoverished countries, with no home to go to and probably without the opportunity of taking up again the work they had abandoned. There may be even something worse. The story is told of some Armenian women and children who three months ago came to the United States seeking safety, who were deported because the Armenian quota had been exceeded, and who returned to meet, not only death, but a still more terrible fate.

THE ATLANTIC CARRIERS

I'

T is not unnatural that the transatlantic steamship companies should wish to take as many emigrant passengers as they think they can land. They have been exasperatingly exceeding their monthly immigrant quotas, despite the fact that they had before them figures showing the exact status of the quotas from each country. No less than three thousand aliens in excess of these quotas have been disembarked at our ports. Some immigrants, by executive clemency, have been temporarily admitted under bond, where it has been shown that deportation would be an extreme offense against humanity, and in addition, the eleven hundred immigrants at Ellis Island under orders to be deported have now been admitted for ninety days. More than twelve hundred aliens have been returned to their former homes because of excess of quotas. At present over two thousand aliens in New York Harbor await an opportunity to be landed.

Hence, at the Secretary of Labor's in stance, Representative Johnson, of the State of Washington, Chairman of the House Immigration Committee, has introduced a bill empowering the Secretary of Labor to penalize steamship lines by withdrawing immigration privileges from them for continued violation of the quota law. Nor is this all. As the result of that law shows, in too

many cases efforts to get immigrants into this country amount to fraud, Mr. Johnson has also introduced a bill by which he would suspend the immigration of aliens to the United States for three years, the bill not applying to Government officials, to travelers or temporary sojourners for pleasure or business, to students who may enter the United States solely for the purpose of study in educational institutions particularly designated by them, to ministers of any religious denomination, or to husbands, wives, and minor children of naturalized citizens or of persons who have taken out their first papers.

Mr. Johnson's bills should sufficiently warn the steamship companies.

THE CHRISTMAS AMNESTY

HE President on December 25 com

Tuted the se te beson ben 25 cror

men convicted for violation of laws designed for the protection of the country during the progress of the war. Apparently in each instance the cases have been carefully reviewed and the decision rendered with the desire in view of protecting the interests of the country and serving justice. To disagree in certain instances with these decisions is not to criticise the motives which led to them.

The release of all prisoners convicted under war law is something which extreme radicals, pacifists, and sentimentalists regard as highly desirable. The normal-minded citizen is not inclined to take so generous a position, for he realizes that there are some things which no self-governing and self-perpetuating country can afford to give away. One of these things is the right and duty to protect itself from destruction. The law regards the deliberate taking of a human life as the most serious offense that the individual can com can be said, therefore, in the

International

try in time of peace. Perhaps it is time to release those whose physical infirmities likewise limit the danger that might arise from their release from control. But in each instance the test should be the good of the country and not the desire to turn the way of the transgressor into a bed of roses.

Among the criminals recently released by the President there seemed to be some whom it was the plain duty of the Executive authority to release. There are others the propriety of whose release will seem to many to be doubtful. One of these is Eugene V. Debs. On the list there is at least one name of a man whose release is an affront to every soldi n his behalf it cannot be maint the was actuated by a mistak victions of stand how a the draft ev om, but no bes for the tions from convict sin otl

THE NEW PATRIARCH OF THE GREEK CHURCH

THE

HE Most Rev. Meletios Metaxakis, Archbishop of Athens, in the Greek Church, has been elected Patriarch by the Holy Synod sitting at Constantinople. It is the highest ecclesiastical authority and corresponds to the College of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church.

The election, however, has not been received with favor either in Constantinople or in Athens. It has been objected to by certain Constantinople authorities, who, not unmindful that Meletios is the first Patriarch to be elected in many centuries without political intervention, allege that a majority of the members of the Synod were absent from that body at the time of the election. The objection from Athens (it may have possibly inspired that from Constantinople) is what perhaps might have been expected from King Constantine. Meletios is a friend and supporter of ex-Premier Venizelos, and when Constantine returned to the throne was one of those marked for royal vengeance. As soon as Constantine found himself secure in his place he ousted Meletios from the Archbishopric. The King's present attitude, which he has made the attitude of the Greek Government, if not a spiteful political trick, is at least another attempt again to interfere with ecclesiastical order and procedure.

Though evidence of the st Patriarch-Elect's posi

ing in Constantin

of the