THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE STATE AN ESSAY ON JUSTICE UNIVERSITY MINNESOTA A THESIS ACCEPTED, BY THE FACULTY OF CORNELL BY THOMAS WARDLAW TAYLOR, JR., M.A. BARRISTER AT LAW (MANITOBA) AND LATE FELLOW OF THE SAGE SCHOOL OF PHILOSOPHY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY BOSTON, U.S.A., AND LONDON GINN & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS 1895 INDIVIDUAL AND THE STATE. CHAPTER I. I. THE RATIONALIZATION OF SOCIETY. MAN first awakened to a consciousness of himself, not as an individual, of indefinite worth, but simply as a member of a social group. In the earliest stages of his existence the only recognized bond for this union was a metaphysical one. Religion, in the form of manes worship, was the foundation of all primitive association. Neither gregarious instinct nor the need of mutual assistance was the social bond of which men were conscious; that was a unity of religious belief. Whether in the household, the clan, or, later, in the State, the acknowledgment of a common Eponym was necessary for union. All those who served the same Lares were members of the same family. The society thus organized consisted not merely of the living; its membership included both the present and the past, both the living descendant and the deified ancestor. The gods were as truly members of the social group as were their worshippers. The god and his worshippers were bound together by the ties of human relationship; together they made up one family, with reciprocal family duties.2 In such a society mere birth conferred no rights. Relationship was not measured by blood. Its standard was community of gods. Its proof was subordination to a common authority." 1 De Coulanges, La Cité Antique; Hearn, Ancient Household; W. Robertson Smith, Religion of the Semites, Lect. II. |