United States aboard certain foreign vessels, and for other purposes, introduced by Mr. BAYH, was received, read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee

on Commerce.

HIGHER EDUCATION ACT OF 1965AMENDMENTS

AMENDMENT NO. 429

Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I submit an amendment to section VII of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (H.R. 9567), which is scheduled to be considered by the Senate tomorrow.

the critical water problem in the Northeast.

The date has been changed to September 8 due to an unavoidable conflict in committee activity.

The hearing will be held in room 3110 of the New Senate Office Building, and it is our purpose to hear Secretary of the Interior Udall, serving in his capacity as Chairman of the Water Resources Council, who will inform the committee on the current scope of Federal activity in assisting the States which have suffered due to the drought in the Northeast.

BILL 2049

The Housing and Urban Development NOTICE OF HEARINGS ON SENATE Act of 1965-Public Law 89-117-established an interest rate ceiling on college housing of 3 percent. My amendment applies the same formula to loans made under title III of the Higher Education Facilities Act of 1963-Public Law 88204. The amendment is effective after enactment of the Higher Education Act. Presently loans are charged an interest rate of 3% percent; $120 million was appropriated for these loans for the current fiscal year.

My amendment therefore would equalize the interest rate charged for construction of classrooms and other college facilities with that now charged for dormitory rooms and college housing. The Office of Education informs me that it has no objection to the amendment.

The VICE PRESIDENT. The amend

Mr. TYDINGS. Mr. President, Mr. President, as chairman of the Subcommittee on Improvements in Judicial Machinery, I wish to announce that hearings will be held by the subcommittee on S. 2049, a measure to realine the counties comprising the territory of the U.S. district courts for the eastern and western districts of Oklahoma.

The hearings are scheduled for September 9 at 10 a.m. in room 6226 of the New Senate Office Building. Any person who wishes to testify or submit statements pertaining to this measure should contact the Subcommittee on Improvements in Judicial Machinery.

ment will be received, printed, and will THE SALE OF WHEAT AND THE BAL

lie on the table.

AMENDMENT NO. 430

Mr. MILLER submitted an amendment, intended to be proposed by him, to House bill 9567, the Higher Education Act of 1965, which was ordered to lie on the table and to be printed.

ANCE OF PAYMENTS Mr. SYMINGTON. Mr. President, toMr. President, today the United States has a vast surplus

stock of wheat.

Today the United States continues to lose its already heavily diminished stock of gold.

In that this Nation now has less than $24 billion of gold, and owes abroad, pri

ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS OF BILLS marily to foreign central banks, over $28

billion of current liabilities redeemable in gold, the problem is obvious.

One way to help solve the said problem would be to follow the precedent set by many other countries of the free world-Argentina, Australia, Canada, Australia, Canada, France and sell wheat for gold to customers behind the Iron Curtain.

In that connection, I ask unanimous consent to have printed at this point in the RECORD an editorial entitled "Russian Deals Brighten U.S. Wheat Outlook," published in the Kansas City Times of August 17, 1965.

There being no objection, the editorial was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,

as follows:

RUSSIAN DEALS BRIGHTEN U.S. WHEAT
OUTLOOK

The wheat market outlook in the United States was made suddenly brighter by Canadian and Argentine sales to the Soviet Union. This is true even though the United States was not included in the deals. This country now stands as the only potential exporter of wheat with a large surplus for sale.

We have no way of knowing whether Russia or the satellites will want more wheat and might be forced to come to the United States for it. But if such should be the case, this country should be in a position to sell if it is considered expedient at the time. This would require the elimination of the provi

sion that half of any wheat sold to the Soviet bloc must be carried in U.S. vessels which

charge freight rates higher than foreign vesUnited States out of the Russian cash mar

sels. This single factor would cut the

ket. It does nothing whatever to prevent the Soviets from buying wheat elsewhere.

But whether a single bushel is sold to the Soviet bloc, the United States has a greater opportunity than before to supply markets any place else in the world.

It is axiomatic that any industry that has an ample supply of its product on hand, immediately available to be delivered to a customer at a competitive price, is in a position to do business. That is the U.S. position today. At this particular time we have an advantage over other exporting countries in the world.

Canada has a lot of wheat, or will have after this summer's harvest. But it apparently has sold or has commitments to sell all that it can deliver before next May. Australia has ceased exporting wheat until it determines what the winter harvest will be. Currently, that country's wheat prospects are not too promising. Argentina has apparently sold to its limits its winter harvest. The United States has harvested a big crop to add to a substantial carryover.

Even before the big Russian purchases, the dollar export market for U.S. wheat has been good this summer, but additional sales have been made to Western Europe and Japan in the last few days. Wheat exports are larger thus for this marketing year than the grain trade had expected and are larger than at

this time last year. If demand from abroad continues strong, U.S. sales should continue to grow.

In 1963 the maritime unions and some ship owners were successful in getting the administration to invoke the rule requiring the use of American ships to haul grain to Russia. Only by extra subsidy gimmicks was it possible then for this country to make two important sales. We submit, however, that if a principle is involved in selling to Russia, the principle is not altered by charging higher freight rates. Actually, the effect is to leave the Russian market open to all other countries and the American vessels haul no wheat.

Looking to the rest of the world, U.S. dollar sales are handled by the private grain trade. These are firms in the business of trading to make money. The more they can sell, the

greater the profits. We have no suggestion for a better system of stimulating trade. In fact, in support of the free enterprise system we might refer to the fact that Russia with its controlled economy must buy wheat-it was once an exporter. The United States still is an exporter and by exporting it not only strengthens its own economy but fur

ther relieves the balance-of-payments problem which has by no means been solved.

Mr. SYMINGTON. Mr. President, I also ask unanimous consent that an edi

torial entitled "Wheat Exports Lost," published in the Des Moines Register of August 25, 1965, be printed at this point in the RECORD.

There being no objection, the editorial was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,

as follows:

WHEAT EXPORTS LOST

The Soviet Union is in a bad way on grain production again. The wheat crop for 1965 is estimated at around 60 million tons, compared with last year's good crop of 74 million and the disastrous 1963 harvest of only 50 million. Once again the Soviet Government has been forced to buy wheat abroad to fill its home consumption needs. Already orders have been placed for upwards of 7.5 million tons, and it seems likely more will be placed.

Canada, Argentina, Australia, and France have sold wheat to Russia, with Canada the biggest seller. The United States, which got in on the Russian market after the 1963 crop failure, has not been able to compete this time. The reason is that the Russians will not consider an American wheat purchase so long as the United States attaches the condition that 50 percent of the grain be transported in American ships. U.S. shipping is far more expensive than that of other countries.

The 50-percent rule in shipping was applied to the 1963 wheat sale by President Kennedy as a means of appeasing the maritime unions. However, an adjustment in price was made which offset the extra shipping costs.

The Johnson administration could do this again and possibly obtain some of the wheat export business to Russia. But the administration seems to be afraid the maritime unions and the dock unions would strike if an effort to change the 50-percent rule were made. A large part of the U.S. shipping industry already is tied up in a dispute over automation. The 50-percent requirement does not help union labor if it results in the loss of all wheat exports to Russia; surely the unions can be made to see that.

The administration also may be sensitive to the protests against selling wheat to help the Russians, especially at a time when American boys are fighting Communists in Vietnam. This is a short-sighted, emotional point of view. It is a surface view which assumes that anything which is advantageous to the Russians is a disadvantage to America.

The truth is that the advantages, economic and political, to this country from selling wheat to the Russians are very substantial. The Soviet Union is having to dig deep into its gold reserves to import wheat. The total value so far is probably over $600 million. This not only reduces the capacity of the Soviet Union to spend for other things overseas-including the making of mischief in Vietnam and other revolutionary countries-it also benefits the United States and the West by increasing the supply of gold in world trade. This indirectly helps the balance of payments problems of Britain and the United States.

It would directly help the U.S. balance if this country could sell a large supply of wheat for gold or dollars.

The benefit to the U.S. agricultural supply position is obvious. This country still has excess capacity for producing wheat. It is still necessary, despite the growth of population and foreign commercial demand, to checkrein wheat and other grain output by means of acreage restrictions. Also, it is necessary to subsidize the export of grain. A large sale of wheat to Russia would help to further reduce the surplus in this country and ease the load on the Government budget for agriculture.

Perhaps the biggest benefit of all, however, is political. The sale of wheat to Russia dramatizes the weakness of Soviet agriculture and its elaborate planning system. It shows the superiority of American and Canadian farm organization and enterprise.

Opponents of selling wheat to Russia ought to consider why it is that the Soviet Government in 1963 and now again is spending scarce foreign exchange to buy wheat from capitalist countries. One reason is that hunger no longer is an acceptable alternative in the Soviet Union. Stalin would have let the people suffer from lack of bread. The new regime dares not.

The rise of the consumer and the demand for a better life in Russia are powerful political factors. It is strongly in the interest of America that these forces be encouraged. Resources used for domestic improvement cannot be used for aggressive adventures in the world.

When Canada, Australia and other countries sell wheat to Russia and to China the United States derives indirect benefits. Their sales reduce the supply of wheat in the rest of the world market and tend to strengthen commercial demand for U.S. wheat elsewhere. However, direct selling to Russia would benefit America much more.

Mr. SYMINGTON. Mr. President, it is also interesting to note that one country, Canada, improved its balance of payments position some $1.8 billion by selling this one crop behind the Iron Curtain.

In this connection, I ask unanimous consent that an article entitled "Canada's No. 1 Wheat Salesman," written by John M. Lee, and published in the New York Times of Saturday, August 28, 1965, be printed at this point in the RECORD. There being no objection, the article was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows:

CANADA'S NO. 1 WHEAT SALESMAN: MCNAMARA MADE $1.8 BILLION IN SALES IN LAST 5 YEARS RUMORS OF DEALS FLY WHEN OFFICIAL GOES TO OTTAWA

(By John M. Lee)

WINNIPEG, August 25.-W. C. McNamara is the sort of man who, just by flying to Ottawa for the day, can shake the grain market with rumors of an impending wheat sale to Red China.

"I suppose my movements are watched," Mr. McNamara remarked. The 61-year-old Canadian, looking husky and hearty, in a dark plaid sports jacket, bow tie and cigar, continued: "but I don't know how this report of another Chinese deal got started. I know nothing of it.

"I can tell you, if it had been a Chinese agreement, I would have to stay in Ottawa more than 1 day to negotiate it," he added.

Mr. McNamara's travels stimulate interest because in his position as chief commissioner of the Canadian Wheat Board, he has become the world's No. 1 wheat salesman.

He has traveled widely in Eastern Europe and he made his second trip to Peiping last

SALES CULTIVATION

In the last 5 years of his administration, the Wheat Board, the Government sales agency for wheat, has cultivated relations with the Soviet Union, Communist China,

and the satellites for almost $1.8 billion of business.

This is two and a half times the value of sales to Britain, formerly the largest purchaser of Canadian wheat.

Two weeks ago, Mr. McNamara announced another sale, under which the Soviet Union

will take $450 million of Canada's $1.4 billion wheat crop before next July 31.

"We treat them all like customers, without regard to race, creed, or color," he smiled.

In return, the Soviet traders have become friendly enough to give Mr. McNamara a Russian-made camera for his birthday.

"It's quite intricate," he said. "My son is working on it. The instructions are in Russian."

The Wheat Board chairman has also inter

ested the Russians in Canadian football. Mr. McNamara is a fan of the Saskatchewan Rough Riders and has played semiprofessional football.

William Craig McNamara was born in Winnipeg on August 8, 1904, and grew up in the heart of the prairie wheatlands in Regina, Saskatchewan. He worked for the bank, then joined the Saskatchewan Wheat Pool in 1924. He left a job as manager of the pool's coarse grain department in 1932 to join the Wheat Board and was a special representative of the agency in Washington during the

war.

He was named a commissioner of the board in 1945 and chief commissioner in 1958.

The Wheat Board was formed by Parliament in 1935 and is now the sole marketing agency for wheat, oats, and barley produced in western Canada.

It guarantees minimum prices to farmers, sets selling prices, negotiates sales and controls the flow of grain.

Mr. McNamara said he was optimistic on the future of international trade in wheat.

"We have raised our sights from what was normal a few years ago, and we are growing faster even than that expectation," he said.

"I don't think we'll ever go back to the surpluses of the 1950's when we had the supply and couldn't move it."

Mr. McNamara felt so exuberant in conversation at his offices today that he joked, "I think we'll be the first to sell with the man on the moon."

Some persons in the grain trade might bet that Bill McNamara would be there to close

the deal.

LYNDON BAINES JOHNSON PRESIDENTIAL ARCHIVAL DEPOSITORY

Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Senate proceed to the consideration of Calendar No. 654, House Joint Resolution 632.

The VICE PRESIDENT. The joint resolution will be stated by title.

The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. A joint resolution (H.J. Res. 632) to authorize the Administrator of General Services to enter into an agreement with the University of Texas for the Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Archival Depository, and for other purposes.

The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the present consideration of the joint resolution?

There being no objection, the joint resolution was considered, ordered to a third reading, read the third time, and passed.

Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask that Senate Joint Resolution 105 be indefinitely postponed.

The VICE PRESIDENT. Without objection, Senate Joint Resolution 105 is indefinitely postponed.

Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the RECORD an excerpt from the report on Senate Joint Resolution 105 (No. 651), explaining the purposes of the joint resolution.

There being no objection, the excerpt was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows:

PURPOSE

This resolution would waive the 60-day waiting period provided in section 507 (f) (1) of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, as amended, as a condition precedent to the Administrator of General Services entering into an agreement for the protection, operation, and maintenance of the Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Archival Depository as a part of the National

Archives system.

Enactment of Senate Joint Resolution 105 is necessary to enable the University of Texas and the Administrator of General Services to move forward immediately with this proposal.

The statutory waiting period was provided to assure the Congress an adequate opportunity to review such proposals and assure that they accorded with the purposes and objectives contemplated by the Congress in authorizing the establishment of Presidential libraries. In considering and taking

affirmative action on this resolution, the Congress would be accomplishing the purposes intended by the 60-day waiting period. With respect to the proposed Lyndon Baines Johnson Library, adjournment of Congress prior to the expiration of the 60day period would require a new beginning of the running of the 60-day period upon the reconvening of the Congress.

This would result in an unnecessary delay of 6 months which could be utilized for selecting the specific site and the architects, and in getting started with the design of the project.

The board of regents of the University of Texas has extended an offer to the President of the United States to provide facilities

within the academic environs of the university to be used as a Presidential Archival Depository to be known as the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library for the housing and display of President Johnson's papers and other historical materials. This offer is conditioned upon the Government's acceptance of the papers and its agreement to maintain, operate, and protect that portion of the building dedicated to library and museum purposes as well as the contents thereof as a Presidential Archival Depository.

The President has accepted the proposal of the University of Texas and, in compliance with the conditions of the offer, has himself offered as a gift to the United States his Presidential papers and other historical materials for deposit in a Presidential Archival Depository with a specific condition that they be deposited in the proposed Lyndon Baines

Johnson Library.

As authorized by the Federal Property and

Administrative Services Act of 1949, as amended, the Administrator of General Services has accepted, on behalf of the United States, the President's offer under the

conditions and restrictions prescribed by the

President.

The Administrator of General Services is further authorized in section 507(f) of the same act to enter into agreements with any val Depository, land, buildings, and equip

university to utilize as a Presidential Archi

ment of such university to be made available by it without transfer of title to the United States and to operate such depository as a part of the National Archives system. The

Administrator has indicated his intention to

accept the facilities offered by the University of Texas, thus fulfilling the conditions set forth in the respective offers of the President and the university. In accordance with the requirements for exercising this authority, the Administrator has submitted a report on the proposal to the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives including the necessary information for consideration by the Congress. The Administrator may not enter into such agreement until the expiration of the first period

of continuous session of Congress. Such period is broken only by an adjournment sine die.

Having fully complied with the purposes of section 507(f) (1) of the Federal Property

proposal, essentially as follows. The university at its expense will provide an appropriate 14-acre site on the campus at Austin and construct thereon a building providing not less than 100,000 square feet of space dedicated for use as a Presidential archival depository to house and display Presidential papers and other historical materials relating to and contemporary with the President's life and works; upon completion of the space and facilities to be occupied by the Presidential Archival Depository, the university will "turn over, dedicate, and make available the same, including the furnishings and equipment therein, to the United States for its use in perpetuity as the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library, but without transfer of title, * * pursuant to Federal statutes relating to the establishment of Presidential Archival Depositories, the library will be available for occupancy within 2 years after final working drawings are completed but that this period shall not begin to run until the Administrator of General Services has agreed to "maintain, operate and protect the Library as part of the National Archives system."

In responding to Mr. W. W. Heath, chairman of the university board of regents, the President, on August 9, 1965, manifested his full commitment to the university's proposal and his awareness throughout the course of his public service of the value of this historical material to future generations.

The President, on August 13, 1965, wrote the Administrator of General Services of his wishes regarding the designation of the proposed Lyndon Baines Johnson Library at the

University of Texas as a Presidential Archival

Depository.

In his letter, the President stated that "*** in furtherance of the public purposes which will thus be served, I hereby offer as a gift to the United States for the purpose of ultimate deposit in the said Presidential Library my Presidential and other papers, docjects of art, and other memorabilia, inuments, historical materials, mementos, obcluding books, motion pictures, still pictures, and sound recordings, *** belonging to me or in my possession which relate to my life and work, *

The President's offer is conditioned upon the Government's acceptance of the university's proposal and the designation of the

library to be constructed on the campus at Austin as a Presidential Archival Depository.

In his letter to the Administrator of General Services, the President emphasized that it is his purpose "to make the papers and other historical materials *** available

for the purpose of study and research as soon as possible and to the fullest possible extent," and specifically provided that "such material may be made available for display, inspecpiration of (his) tenure as President with tion, and research purposes prior to the ex(his) personal approval." The opportunity

to use such materials while the President

is still in the White House would be entirely

new in our history.

The President on August 17, 1965, was ad

the President of the Senate.

BACKGROUND

On August 6, 1965, the board of regents of the University advised the President of the university's desire to provide a library for his papers and outlined the details of their

dent of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives, which report shall include a description of the land, buildings, and equipment offered as a gift or to be made available without transfer of title as aforesaid, a statement of the terms of the pro

posed agreement, if any, a general description of the types of papers, documents, or other historical materials which it is proposed to deposit in the Presidential Archival Depository so to be created, and of the terms of such proposed deposit, a statement of the additional improvements and equipment, if any, necessary to the satisfactory operation of such depository, together with an estimate of the cost thereof, and an estimate of the annual cost to the United States of maintaining, operating, and protecting such depository: Provided further, That the Administrator shall not take title to any such land, buildings, and equipment or enter into any such agreement, until the expiration of the first period of 60 calendar days of continuous session of the Congress following the date on which such report is transmitted, which 60day period shall be computed as follows: Continuity of session shall be considered as broken only by an adjournment sine die, but the days on which either House is not in session because of an adjournment of more than 3 days to a day certain shall be excluded from the computation; *

To his report, the Administrator attached the proposal of the University of Texas, the President's response to the university's proposal, and the President's offer of his papers and other materials of his public offices to the United States to be housed in the library to be constructed on the university campus, and the Administrator's acceptance. Copies of these documents are included in this report. Upon review of these proposals, the

Administrator concluded that the conditions

set forth in the aforesaid agreements are

consistent with the law. He recommends acceptance of the offers in the public interest.

In his report, the Administrator has estimated the cost to the United States of main

taining this facility. As manifested in the correspondence between the President and the university, in addition to the space and facilities dedicated for use as the Presidential Archival Depository, the building to be constructed will also include space and facilities for University of Texas purposes to be used in furtherance of studies and research in history, government, economics, public administration, and related disciplines. The cost of administering, maintaining, operating, and protecting the site of the Presidential

library and such portions of the building as is used for university purposes will be borne by the university. The estimated cost to the United States of maintaining, operating, and protecting that portion of the building dedicated to national archival depository use is estimated to range from approximately $190,000 during the early years to $225,000 after the library is in full operation.

NEED FOR LEGISLATION

The proposal which the University of respect with the statutory requirements conTexas has submitted is consistent in every

erty and Administrative Services Act of 1949, tained in section 507 (f) of the Federal Propas amended. The proposed Lyndon Baines Johnson Library on the campus of the university at Austin would be in furtherance of the objectives Congress sought to achieve in the approval of this enabling legislation. to those which have previously been generThis new library would be a valuable addition ously donated to the United States to house the papers of former Presidents. Inasmuch as the President has indicated his willingness to join with the University of Texas in this undertaking, the committee agrees with the Administrator of General Services that acceptance of the university's proposal would be in the best interest of the United States.

As evidenced in the offer of his papers to the people of the United States, the President seeks to make the benefits of his proposal available to the Nation as expeditiously as possible. If certain of the President's papers can become available during his tenure in

office it would be of significant advantage to scholars and students concerned with the historical developments of the last three decades. Mindful of the value of this material to the broader evaluation of national and world affairs in which he has taken a leading role, there is an urgency in this proposal which warrants immediate action by the Congress. Any delay in acceptance of the university's offer will be translated directly into a delay in the availability of the President's papers and in the opportunity of the general public view items selected for exhibit from the President's historical collection.

There are other considerations which support prompt approval of this proposal. The fact of the personal interest of the President must be considered. The development of the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library to the level of excellence he will consider acceptable will require extensive personal effort by the President. Cognizant of the demands upon him, it would not be appropriate for Congress to needlessly delay approval of this project beyond the time required for appropriate review as provided in the resolution.

Also, the University of Texas must be considered. The university's generous proposal involves a considerable outlay in funds of the people of Texas. The university's proposal The university's proposal is based upon cost analyses and other criteria available at this time. Delays in construction often means increases in construction costs. They are also wasteful in the time and efforts of those responsible for and involved in the implementation of the project.

For these reasons, the committee believes that it would be in the best interest of the people of the United States and for the Congress, as an alternative of the mere passage of a statutory review period, to take affirmative action at this time to register its approval of this proposal, and, in so doing, waive the 60-day limitation which otherwise is imposed upon the Administrator of General Services.

AUTHORITY FOR HON. FRANCES P. BOLTON, OF OHIO, A MEMBER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, TO ACCEPT THE AWARD OF OFFICER IN THE FRENCH NATIONAL ORDER OF THE LEGION OF HONOR

Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Senate proceed to the consideration of Calendar No. 636, H.R. 10342.

The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be stated by title.

The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. A bill (H.R. 10342) to authorize the Honorable FRANCES P. BOLTON, of Ohio, a Member of the House of Representatives, to accept the Award of Officer in the French National Order of the Legion of Honor.

The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the present consideration of the bill?

There being no objection, the bill was

considered, ordered to a third reading, read the third time, and passed.

Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the RECORD an excerpt from the report (No. 654), explaining the purposes of the bill.

There being no objection, the excerpt was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows:

PURPOSE

The bill will authorize the Honorable FRANCES P. BOLTON, of Ohio, Member of the

House of Representatives, to accept the award of Officer in the French National Order of the Legion of Honor, tendered to her by the Government of France, together with any decorations and documents evidencing this award and will give the consent of the Congress to such acceptance as required by section 9, article 1 of the Constitution.

BACKGROUND

The Constitution provides in article 1, section 9, paragraph 8:

"No person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under [the United States] * shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State."

An Executive order of April 13, 1945, applicable to employees of the executive branch, further provides that no department is to request congressional approval for acceptance of such gifts by any employee until that employee has retired and that each agency transmit to the Secretary of State a list of its retired personnel for whom the department is holding decorations, etc., and directs the Secretary to compile an omnibus list of such retired persons for submission to every other Congress. This order does not apply to the legislative and judicial branches.

Since the end of World War II, Congress has authorized the following incumbent Members to accept foreign decorations: Speaker Sam Rayburn (1956), Senator William F. Knowland (1956), and Representatives JOHN W. MCCORMACK and JOHN J. ROONEY (1957). All of these bills were passed in the Senate without reference to the committee.

Since 1957 it has been the practice of the Committee on Foreign Relations not to act favorably on bills authorizing the acceptance of awards by incumbent Members of Congress. An exception to this policy of the committee was made recently when the committee recommended and the Senate passed a bill authorizing the Honorable JOSEPH W. MARTIN, JR., to accept and wear a foreign

decoration. On that occasion, the committee's report stressed "that its approval ** does not constitute a precedent for future such approvals, but is recognition of the high and distinguished office of the Speaker of the House of Representatives✶ ✶ "Similarly, the committee's action on H.R. 10342 does not set a precedent but is recognition of the distinguished service of the senior lady of the House of Representatives who has earned the warm regard of all her colleagues.

RUSSIAN ECONOMIC STAGNATION MEANS A GREAT U.S. OPPORTUNITY

Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, Marquis Childs writes a report on the Marquis Childs writes a report on the Russian economy in this morning's Russian economy in this morning's Washington Post that should open many most powerful nation in the world in a eyes and put our relations to the second new and different light.

The Childs article shows that the Russian economy has seriously suffered in the past 5 years. It has not only fallen far below expectations and plans, it has after years of growth-after some recovery from the devastation of World War IIfailed miserably. It is stagnating.

In the precise period when free world economies led by the United States are thriving as never before, giving the peoples of the free world by far the highples of the free world by far the highest standard of living they have ever enjoyed, the Soviet Union is going nowhere economically.

Not only are its people suffering, but its military potential—which even in a

police state is stringently limited by economic strength-has been relatively much reduced.

Mr. President, this relative gain of the United States of America and the free world should not be ignored in our dealing with Communist nations over Vietnam or in striving to stop nuclear proliferation at Geneva. Now we have the force and power. We are moving. Our great adversary is not. We should recognize that we operate from great basic strength not only in our capacity to defend the free world, but in our relative ability to build a peaceful world based on economic plenty and growing educational understanding.

I ask unanimous consent that the article entitled "Rates of Growth: A Russian Issue," written by Marquis Childs, be printed at this point in the RECORD.

There being no objection, the article was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows:

RATES OF GROWTH: A RUSSIAN ISSUE
(By Marquis Childs)

Weighed in the troubled balance of war or peace, cold war or cold coexistence, is a factor thus far obscured by the comparative silence of the new regime in Moscow. The Kremlinologists believe a new power struggle is going on behind the massive walls of the Kremlin..

No one is predicting when it will surface

in the kind of climax that shook the world when Nikita Khrushchev was forced out last October. Among veterans following the ups and downs of the Soviet cast of characters are those who take the clues to unrest and

rivalry in the Supreme Soviet as "more of

the same" inevitable in a totalitarian society.

Yet the big drop in the Soviet economyone of the reasons Khrushchev was forced out is such that the effort to reverse the downtrend is bound to affect personal power relationships. In this connection an extraordinary document has come out of the Soviet Union which paints the economic picture in somber colors.

In a private lecture to a Moscow publishing house a 33-year-old Soviet economist of Armenian origin, Abel Aganbegyan, put in cold facts and figures the deficits that have chase of Canada's surplus wheat crop. In led to such developments as the Soviet pur

the

document, obtained by intelligence sources, he is quoted as saying:

"A significant part of our means is put into defense. It is very difficult for us to keep up with the United States of America, for we have about the same expenditures on defense as the United States of America. But our economic potential is half that of the United States of America. Out of 100 million workers in the U.S.S.R. 30 to 40 million are employed in the defense industries."

This obviously has a bearing on the rising demand on Moscow for more aid from countries dependent on the Soviet Union or which Moscow hopes to draw into the Soviet orbit. It could help to explain reports of the growing irritation with Fidel Castro and his clamor for more and more assistance. President Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt, now on a state visit to Moscow, would like to get a larger share of Soviet aid so that he could spurn the United States.

In the past 6 years, according to Aganbegyan, the rate of growth of the Soviet economy decreased decreased approximately three times. The rate of growth in agriculture dropped 10 times from 8 percent to 0.8 percent. The real per capita income, "extraordinarily low in any case," declined sharply.

"Since 1958, according to a series of indices, the absolute growth has also decreased," to quote further the Soviet economist. "Most surprising of all was that this decrease was completely unexpected. The 7-year plan is a wreck. Moreover, after the completion of the first 10 years of the 20year plan we are not close to the control figures according to any indicator. In working out this plan we have made enormous mistakes.

In 1959, our economists projected that in the United States and in other capitalist

countries there would be an economic decline very soon. Our economists said that the annual rate of growth in the United States would be not more than 2.5 percent but in fact it turned out that the early rate of growth of the United States beginning from 1958 has been 5 percent and we must also take into account that the economic potential of the United States is twice as much as ours.

"In these years we have had a decrease of effective productive reserves. All this time the growth of industrial production has decreased. There has been a strengthening of the split between the possibilities of technical progress and the realization of these possibilities. The structure of our production is the most backward of all the developed countries and is the worst. Our plans for new technology, by the way, are not so good and do not reach more than 70 percent of fulfillment."

Although he is only 33 years old, Aganbegyan is a member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences and a leading economist of Novosibirsk, a developing industrial center in Siberia. It was in the new lands in Siberia that Khrushchev initiated his disastrous agricultural experiment that was

overwhelmed by various natural calamities. Aganbegyan is understood to have given his report first to the Central Committee last December. Later he delivered a more comprehensive lecture to the publishing house and excerpts, or a digest of this lecture are the basis for the document being analyzed here. It was never reported in the Soviet Union.

What fascinates Kremlinologists studying the Aganbegyan document is that conclusions tally so closely with those of Western observers. The latter, of course, have had only the published Soviet statistics to work And, as Aganbegyan makes plain, they mean little.

A GREAT L.B.J. CONTRIBUTION TO

PEACE: SPACE COOPERATION

WITH U.S.S.R.

Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, the President of the United States, Lyndon B. Johnson, has been quietly building the groundwork for cooperation with the Soviet Union in space exploration.

In view of the immense military threat of space, the miraculous technological advances that could lead to great adventures for mankind or a spatial basis for nuclear annihilation, space rapport with the Soviet Union may turn out to be one of the great and enduring contributions of President Johnson to peace on earth. A moment ago I placed in the RECORD an analysis of the Soviet economy that showed its startling stagnation in recent years. Space effort makes a heavy demand on the U.S. economy. The burden on the smaller and weaker Soviet economy must be enormous. The time may The time may be propitious for the Soviets to agree to pool resources with us in outer space and to work together.

Mr. President, an effective agreement with the Soviet Union would not only save us billions; it could lead, through mutual cooperation, to greatly improved relations between the world's two superpowers. It could sharply advance the prospect for peace.

I ask unanimous consent that the article entitled "Peace in Space: A Time for Overtures," written by Roscoe Drummond and published in today's Washington Post be printed at this point in the RECORD.

There being no objection, the article was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows:

PEACE IN SPACE: A TIME FOR OVERTURES
(By Roscoe Drummond)

This is the ideal time for President Johnson to do everything in his power to encourage the Soviet Union to join with the United States in the manned flight to the

moon.

It is the ideal time because the American

4 years. As Mr. Johnson pointed out in his Texas press conference, "Only 7 years ago we were neither first nor second in space-we were not in space at all."

Not until 1961, when Congress approved

President Kennedy's proposal that we make a manned lunar flight a national commit

ment, did the United States start to do what was needed to make sure that the Soviet

Union would not dominate outer space. It has been a crash program and a costly program-but necessary.

to be kept free. Our objective is not to deny Space is a resource to be kept open and

outer space to any nation, but to make sure that no nation can deny it to the United States.

Outer space ought to belong to all mankind and nothing would insure it more than for the United States of America and the U.S.S.R. to make it the "joint adventure" the President envisions.

ORDER OF BUSINESS

Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I

even. No one can be sure who's ahead. Moscow is becoming more modest in its claims. With astronauts Cooper and Conrad safely back from their 8-day record flight, the U.S. target date of 1969 for putting a man on the moon is realistic.

Moscow has no reason to feel that our willingness to make the exploration of outer space a joint enterprise reflects backwardness in our own program. There was nothing backward about Gemini 5.

There is another huge dividend which would come to both sides if the Kremlin could be persuaded to make outer space the forum of total cooperation rather than total

competition. That would be to end the peril

ous extension of the arms race into space. Both sides are doing it because there is no assurance that the other isn't. There can be no stopping until each side can know everything the other is doing. There is no better way of knowing than to do it together.

This is why President Johnson is acting wisely in doing three things:

In inviting observers from the Soviet Academy of Sciences to come to the United States to be present at the flight of Gemini 6 in October.

In assuring the Soviets that, while the Air Force will launch a manned orbiting laboratory, the United States will not put nuclear weapons into outer space. (But at this stage

there is no way for either Russia or America to establish that the other side is not orbit

ing nuclear weapons. This would require a degree of mutual inspection which Moscow has never come near to accepting.)

And finally, the President is again demonstrating that he is more than willing to pool strating that he is more than willing to pool our resources in outer space. "I would repeat and renew," he said, "this country's invitation to all nations to join together to make

this adventure a joint adventure."

invitations for cooperation. But it is good The Soviets may never accept any of these

that the United States is making the offers and is keeping them open. It shows the whole world that it is our deep desire not to extend the conflicts of the cold war to outer space.

Obviously, the easiest gesture by which "joint adventure" would be to come to see the Soviets could signal some interest in Gemini 6. But acceptance, while welcome, is improbable. It would come as a surprise. Two reasons: they don't want to have to admit so openly that they would not extend a reciprocal invitation to U.S. observers; they don't want the outside world to see at first

into their space program. hand how deeply the military is embedded

The United States has made tremendous gains in its outer space exploits in the last

10 minutes at this time.

The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection? The Chair hears none, and it is so ordered.

EXECUTIVE SESSION

Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I move that the Senate proceed to the consideration of executive business, to consider the nominations for the Department of Justice on the Executive Calendar.

Senate proceeded to the consideration The motion was agreed to; and the of executive business.

DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE

The Chief Clerk proceeded to read sundry nominations in the Department of Justice.

Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that these nominations be considered en bloc.

The VICE PRESIDENT. Without objection, the nominations will be considered en bloc; and, without objection, they are confirmed.

Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the President be immediately notified of the confirmation of these nominations.

The VICE PRESIDENT. Without objection, the President will be notified forthwith.

LEGISLATIVE SESSION

On motion of Mr. MANSFIELD, the Senate resumed the consideration of legislative business.

VIETNAM: NARROWING THE ISSUES

Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, the fighting in Vietnam is unabated. Military engagements intensify. Casualties on all sides increase. The streams of refugees rise. The extent of the devastation wrought is not known but it is obviously immense. Indeed, the costs of the heightened conflict in Vietnam already dwarf the billion-dollar development program for the Mekong project in southeast Asia which was suggested by