1. The great majority of the workers obtained from local cities refuse to put forth an honest effort to earn the minimum-hourly wage required by law to be paid to them.

2. The workers that are available are unreliable, unsteady, and show a great lack of interest in their work. All of this combined, causes, perhaps, the greatest problem we are having with the type of labor that is now available. This problem is that the fields are not being picked clean and a large percentage of the crop is being lost. The workers, by their lack of interest and their unwillingness to do a complete job, leave too many pickles on the vines on the first pass through a field. Even after they are brought back a second time, the vines are not picked clean. These problems combined requires that 1 supervisor be hired for each 15 or 20 workers. They would do a complete job of picking the vines clean with relatively little supervision.

3. A field of braceros would pick clean in 3 to 5 days, would take the workers that are now available 6 to 10 days to pick, and a large percentage of the crop would be wasted because the picking is not clean.

There is great concern in this area because the pickle crop is one that is harvested up to the first frost of the year. The workers now available must return to school on the first of September, and we are quite concerned as to what workers will be available after that time.

Please accept this letter as a report showing how the present plan of using local and

teenage labor as a replacement for foreign workers has failed to work satisfactorily in this area. In fact, we anticipate large losses due to this experiment and we urgently request that our losses be confined to this year, and that this experiment is not prolonged.

We ask that you personally contact the Secretary of Agriculture to express our views on this problem.

SIGNERS

Victor Lutz, Turner, Mich.

Edwin O. Peterson, Tawas City, Mich.
John Swartz, Au Gres, Mich.
Leir Swartz, Au Gres, Mich.
Elmer Swartz, Au Gres, Mich.
Orbie Swartz, Au Gres, Mich.
Fred Gingerich, Au Gres, Mich.
John Butts, Au Gres, Mich.
Rudolph Lutz, Au Gres, Mich.
Donald Lutz, Turner, Mich.
Marlin Swartz, Au Gres, Mich.
Gary Gingerich, Au Gres, Mich.
Richard Gingerich, Au Gres, Mich.
Joseph Gingerich, Au Gres, Mich.
William M. Brown, Tawas City, Mich.
Edwin Swartz, Turner, Mich.
David Swartz, Au Gres, Mich.
Harold Schultes, Turner, Mich.

Mr. Speaker, I hold in my hand a picture of worthless cucumbers. They are too large for packing as pickles but had to be harvested to protect the vines. I also have here an article which appeared in the Greenville Daily News a few days ago under the heading "Pickle Growers Facing Losses." It reads as follows:

PICKLE GROWERS FACING LOSSES
(By Gene Hashley)

Montcalm pickle producers are facing the end of the pickle season at a loss.

Lack of qualified help has forced growers

Both Vlasic and Michigan Pickle Co. in Lakeview report using all domestic labor available, and it just isn't working out.

Vlasic also reports planting one-third less total acreage than last year, and growers are having to abandon another one-third in an attempt to save others.

About 50 percent of domestic labor imported from the southern United States arrive in Michigan and quit their jobs in the pickle fields almost as soon as they arrive.

"The turnover in help, and schoolchildren

returning to classes creates a need for addi

tional labor forces," Jokel added.

Both firms report good luck with schoolchildren, A teams and Puerto Ricans. The Mexicans from Texas are also doing a good job.

Vlasic's biggest problem is turnover and inexperienced help, while Michigan Pickle

Co. lists drunkenness and unwillingness to work as its major problems.

The Texas people are returning to enroll their children in school. A law in that State imposing a $100-per-day fine on anyone keeping children out of school is forcing the better crop of pickle pickers to abandon their jobs.

Lakeview residents are plagued with drunks on streets and disorderly conduct resulting from drinking.

Three migrant workers died in the last 2 days from drinking paint thinner.

A Lakeview storeowner faces a line of

waiting wine buyers each day when he opens

up about 9 a.m. Another line forms in front

of his store about 1:30 p.m., and when a man is drunk he's in no shape to pick pickles the

next day.

Lakeview police have arrested 19 migrant workers so far this year compared to only one or two in the same period in the past.

Carl Davenport, a labor representative for Michigan Pickle, reports the Negro help working out quite well. "It's the others creating the problem," he says.

Larger pickles and weeds are killing the vines. Ordinarily the field is picked every 3 days. The rain, combined with hot weather, has caused pickles to grow at a rapid pace.

The larger pickles are worthless. Fields are being abandoned, vines are dying.

Unless the braceros come back, or the mechanized pickle pickers are ready by next year, the pickle producer will receive another tough blow.

Producers expect to be able to report their exact losses in about 10 days.

Secretary of Labor W. Willard Wirtz was urged by Senator PHILIP A. HART, Democrat, of Michigan, to make sure sufficient labor would be available next year to harvest Michigan cucumbers.

OKLAHOMA REALLY HAS SOME

THING TO SING ABOUT

Mr. BELCHER. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend my remarks.

planted.

"Michigan ranked first in pickle production until this year," says Leo Jokel, manager of the Carson City pickle plant for Vlasic Foods, Inc.

Oklahoma?

There was no objection. Mr. BELCHER. Mr. Speaker, OklaMr. Speaker, Oklahoma really has something to sing about.

Particularly Enid, Okla., my hometown, for this is also the hometown of Owen K.

Garriott, just chosen as one of the first

scientist-astronauts to make lunar ex

periments.

What a wonderfully warm feeling it is for my wife and me to recall that the kids in our neighborhood used to refer to Owen as "the brain" at Enid High School. And, indeed, Owen was "the brain," and offered proof of this fact by turning up first on any honor list prepared during his schooldays. I just do not think he ever played "second fiddle."

Of course, all his friends and his family there in Enid always knew Owen know at what level or when. We kept was going to make good-we just did not

watching Owen as he sailed through school and college, took up a very successful career-and we were elated that he became Professor Garriott at the age of 34 at Stanford University. But we certainly did not anticipate that Owen K. Garriott, electrical engineering professor, was destined for the moon. It looks to me as if the sky really is the limit for Owen.

It has been said that behind every successful man is a good woman. Owen's wife, the former Mary Helen Walker, is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Glenn A. Rex Walker, two of my very best lifelong friends. During the time Mary Helen was growing up they lived less than a block from us. She was a very attractive, popular, and outstanding girl and student. A team composed of Owen and Mary Helen would simply have to be

successful.

I just want to take the opportunity to say in the daily CONGRESSIONAL RECORD that the folks back home in Enid are really proud of Owen and Mary Helen; and I am especially honored to say they grew up in Enid, along with my own son and daughter. Congratulations, Owen.

UPPER MICHIGAN-PART II

Mr. CLEVENGER. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend my remarks.

The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Michigan?

There was no objection.

Mr. CLEVENGER. Mr. Speaker, I have recently received the results of a questionnaire mailed to 133,606 of my constituents in the 11th Congressional District of Michigan reflecting their opinions on several of the major issues of this session of the U.S. House of Representatives.

Replies to the questionnaire were received from more than 17,000 persons, or 13 percent of those receiving them. I believe the results of these replies is body and anyone concerned with the welworthy of study by all Members of this fare of northern Michigan. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first time such an extensive survey has been made of the interests and opinion of the people

in the 22-county 11th Congressional District of Michigan.

The following questions were printed on a preaddressed return-mail card. Residents were asked to answer by checking a "yes" or "no" box to indicate if they favored or opposed the question.

No answer

Question

Num- Per- Num- Perber cent ber cent

Num- Perber cent

10, 529

61.42

5, 787

33.76

2..

3..

4.

Question 1: Do you favor medical and hospital care for the aged, administered under the social security system as recently passed by the House of Representatives? To this question 10,529 persons answered in favor, 61.42 percent; 5,787 against, 33.76 percent, and 824 with no 8opinion, 4.80 percent.

Question 2: Do you favor amending immigration laws to base admission on skills rather than country of birth? This question brought 9,903 favorable answers, 57.70 percent; 4,903 against, 28.60 percent; and 2,334 with no opinion, 13.60 percent.

Question 3: Do you favor mine safety legislation to apply to iron and copper mining? As to this question 14,895 persons replied in favor, 86.90 percent; 707 against, 4.12 percent; and with no opinion 1,538, 8.97 percent.

Question 4: Do you favor removal of the tolls from the Mackinac Bridge to allow free crossing? Concerning this question 13,271 were in favor, 77.42 percent; 3,252 against, 18.90 percent; and with no opinion 647 or, 3.77 percent.

Question 5: Do you favor creation of my proposed Upper Great Lakes Authority to help promote our economic development as is being done in the Appalachia region? Referring to this question it brought 13,857 in favor, 80.84 percent; 1,883 were against, 10.98 percent; and with no opinion 1,400 or, 8.16 percent.

Question 6: Do you favor a Federal law requiring registration and control of the sale of firearms? This question proved to have 9,710 favorable answers, 56.65 percent; 6,891 against, 40.20 percent; and 539 with no opinion, 3.14 percent.

Question 6: Do you favor an expanded State-Federal program to control water and air pollution? This question brought 15,459 favorable answers, 90.19 percent; 844 against, 4.92 percent; and 837 with no opinion, 4.88 percent.

Question 8: Do you favor President Johnson's voting rights bill to insure the right of all citizens to register to vote? To this question, 14,974 persons answered in favor, 87.30 percent; 1,452 against, 8.47 percent; and 894 with no opinion, 5.21 percent.

- Question 9: Do you favor the proposed closing of 11 of the Nation's veterans hospitals and other related facilities? Concerning this question, 5,256 persons were in favor, 30.66 percent; 9,671 against, 56.42 percent; and 2,213 with no opinion, 12.91 percent.

Question 10: Do you favor continued expansion of the Federal educational program begun by the recently enacted Elementary and Secondary Education Act? As to this question, 11,260 persons replied in favor, 65.69 percent; 3,672 against, 21.42 percent; and with no opinión, 2,208, 12.88 percent.

2,334 13.60

8.97

3.77

8.16 3.14

2, 213 12.91 2,208 12.88

CONTINUED ECONOMIC PROSPERITY DEPENDS ON DECISION IN STEEL CRISIS

Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend my remarks.

The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Oklahoma?

There was no objection.

Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, Americans are currently enjoying the longest cans are currently enjoying the longest continuous economic expansion in our history. For 54 months-more than For 54 months-more than 42 years-our prosperity has been growing without pause. Profits are larger. Wages are higher. Employment is rising. Wages are higher. Employment is rising.

Whether this unprecedented expansion is to continue, or whether it is to falter, or even be reversed, may well depend on the decision reached during the next week by representatives of the steel industry and steel unions.

Without the timely intervention of President Johnson on Monday of this week, we would now be in the midst of a nationwide steel strike, the end of a nationwide steel strike, the end of which none could foresee. The representatives of labor and of management honored the President's request for an 8-day extension of the negotiations, and these negotiations are now in progress.

The President has congratulated management and labor alike for their recognition of the public interest in continunition of the public interest in continuing to negotiate. I should like to urge that during the course of these negotiations both management and labor consider their own interests-which are, in my opinion, identical with the interests my opinion, identical with the interests of the public.

Our interests are the same because we have all profited alike from more than 4 years of economic growth-and we should all suffer alike were that expansion now to be cut off. This is true for all of the negotiators, whether they sit on management's side of the table or on labor's.

Labor has gained both higher wages and more jobs. For 8 long years prior to the present expansion, employment in the steel industry was stagnant or declining. Yet last year employment rose by 36,000 jobs, and in the first half of this year there were 59,000 more jobs this year there were 59,000 more jobs than in the first half of 1964. Weekly earnings in the steel industry averaged $145 during the first half of this year,

Finally, to cite one more dramatic example, last July Johnstown, Pa., was removed from the list of areas with substantial and persistent unemployment for the first time in 12 years.

The expanding economy and the public policies which have stimulated and sustained it have also benefited management no less than labor. Large cuts in personal income taxes during the past 2 years have greatly increased the demand for consumer goods made of steel. Excise tax cuts in 1965 and in future years-made possible only by our growing prosperity-will further increase the demand for automobiles, household appliances, and other steel consuming products.

The steel industry and its investors have also profited enormously from Government tax policies in recent years. We have revised depreciation guidelines for tax purposes, provided tax credits for investment and made large-scale reductions in corporate taxes. These actions will reduce the steel industry's taxes by $320 million this year alone-equal to more than $3 per ton of steel shipped. The accumulated benefits to the steel industry from 1962 to the end of this year would amount to more than $900 million.

Nothing now separating the demands of the unions and the offer of management can conceivably be so great as to risk destruction of all that we have built. If, within the next 7 days, the negotiators cannot compromise their differences and a strike is called, nearly half a million men will immediately become idle in the steel industry. Hundreds of thousands more will lose their jobs as other steel users exhaust their inventories.

Our economists have estimated that a steel strike will immediately cut our industrial output by more than 4 percent, which is equivalent to wiping out the entire gain scored by our expanding economy during the first 7 months of this year. A prolonged strike or, for that matter, even matter, even a short one-will undoubtedly lead to increased importation of foreign steel. This will be immediately harmful to our already delicate balance-of-payments problem. And experience has shown that sales lost to foreign steel suppliers are never fully regained.

Thus, whatever settlement might be reached as a result of a strike will be

at the expense of us all. There will be no winner of such a strike. Management will lose. Labor will lose. And every other American will also lose.

I urge, therefore, that the representatives of both management and labor use the hours remaining to them to achieve a fair and honorable settlement of their differences. And I urge them to do this not merely because it is in the public interest but because it is in the interest of every steel worker, every manager, and every investor in the industry.

FOREIGN AID PROGRAM USED AS A MEANS OF ATTEMPTED BLACK

MAIL

Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the House for 1 minute, to revise and extend my remarks, and to include extraneous matter. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Missouri?

There was no objection.

Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, I believe most Members of this House were aghast and astonished by the news this morning, that our "foreign aid” giveaway program has been used as a means of attempted blackmail, rather than for the humanitarian reasons advanced every year as the basis for its conception.

I refer to the news that the U.S. Department of State was caught with its "petticoat" showing in Singapore. According to the Associated Press report, Singapore Prime Minister Lee demanded $33 million in foreign aid in 1960, in return for his Government's silence and the release of a CIA agent caught trying to buy information.

The United States countered with an offer of $3 million, which Lee apparently regarded as an insult. When Lee made the charge this week, our State Department hastily called it false, then had to backtrack when Lee himself produced a letter from Secretary of State Rusk.

I am pleased to note that the House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee plans to hold closed hearings to obtain an explanation from responsible officials. I hope they get more than pin-striped trouser doubletalk.

Perhaps one of these days the frequent calls for congressional investigation of the State Department will be heeded.

Certainly this latest incident is further proof that such an investigation is needed, and comes at a time just prior to this body considering our annual giveaway appropriation in our recurrent effort to buy image instead of commanding respect.

THE RISING PRICES OF FOOD Mrs. BOLTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend my remarks.

The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentlewoman from Ohio?

There was no objection.

Mrs. BOLTON. Mr. Speaker, I am deeply interested in what the majority leader has told us. With him we are all hoping that the steel strike will not come about, but that commonsense will prevail and that an honest realization of what such a strike would do to the men and women who would be most affected the workers-bring a settlement. The gentleman in the beginning of his remarks spoke of the tremendous amount of labor being employed, and of the increase in the wealth of this country in the United States today. We are told there is a lot of money everywhere. But I am wondering why food prices have to go up, and up, and up. Practically every bit of our food is at truly exorbitant prices in the market.

The two things do not go together very well. Our women are becoming angry as well as deeply disheartened as it grows more and more difficult to feed their families. We have been informed that this last increase is the fourth in a row. If this rate continues for 12 months it will have been the greatest increase in the cost of living in 15 years. Perhaps I am slow in understanding how these two situations can exist at the same time. Continuing increase of prosperity with poverty everywhere and prices rising like a miasma all about us.

THE STEEL SITUATION

Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend my remarks.

The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Iowa? There was no objection.

facts of life show that this Nation's Federal debt alone exceeds the governmental debts of all other governmental debt in the world?

SELLING TO THE REDS

The SPEAKER. Under a previous order of the House, the gentleman from California [Mr. LIPSCOMB] is recognized for 30 minutes.

Mr. LIPSCOMB. Mr. Speaker, we are witnessing a deliberate weakening of the export control program, which was created to place needed controls on the flow of equipment, goods, and technical data to the Red bloc. In fact, a concerted effort is underway to virtually read the export control program out of existence as an effective tool of dealing

with the Communist menace.

The administration, according to the latest reports, has agreed to make large sales of wheat to the Soviet Union and other Red nations which would help the Reds out of difficulties caused by crop shortages.

long-range point of view are the many Of even greater significance from a long-range point of view are the many other items being cleared for sale to Communist nations, including a variety of advanced technologies, specialized machinery and equipment, industrial plants and related items, and goods, and data.

There seems little doubt that we have

cooperated extensively in helping them shore up their economy and overall strength in vital areas.

A very important study was undertaken by the House Select Committee on Export Control, 87th Congress, to review our entire export control program and make recommendations where it found areas of concern and need for improvement. [Mrs. ment. I was privileged to serve on that committee.

Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, I join with the gentlewoman from Ohio [Mrs. BOLTON] in commenting on the statement just made by the majority leader of the House, Mr. ALBERT. It is interesting to note that the gentleman from Oklahoma [Mr. ALBERT] says this country is wallowing in prosperity while at the same time Congress is voting through programs and expanding others costing hundreds of millions and billions of dollars allegedly to take care of the millions of persons said to be poverty stricken.

Mr. Speaker, even the Democrat leadership cannot have it both ways. If there is prosperity in this country it is on borrowed time and borrowed money. It is on the basis of mortgaging the future of our children and their children.

Mr. Speaker, I join with the gentlewoman from Ohio in the earnest hope that there will be no strike, but let me say that continued borrowing and deficit spending in the billions of dollars can only result in increasing inflation. Inevitably, there is nothing the steel manufacturers can do except increase the price of their products.

How many more times are we to be told that we live in a nation reeking with prosperity when the cold, hard figures show that the public and private debt is more than $1,200 billion? When the

The select committee, which was composed of three Democrats and two Republicans, conducted the study and filed a report with the House of Representatives containing some highly significant findings and recommendations.

With regard to the overall effort of the Communist bloc to subvert the free world, the committee said:

It makes no more sense to strengthen the economic potential of our cold war Communist enemies than to arm them; and yet the select committee has found glaring

where we have economically strengthened countries in the Soviet bloc.

It was found that major stress was placed by the bloc countries on obtaining technical data from the United States. The select committee said about this:

Immediate steps should be taken to more effectively control the exports of technical data. The furnishing of plans, specifications, and production details of strategic items to the Soviet bloc in many instances has given as much or more advantage to those countries as the shipment of the commodities themselves.

To underscore the need for the free nations as a whole to join in opposing and maintaining needed controls on the efforts of the bloc nations to engage in

The Communist bloc countries often seek to obtain single copies or limited quantities of items from the West which can be used as models or prototypes for its industry. The select committee recommended:

Similarly, the select committee recommends tight control over export of prototypes of single units to Communist countries. An extraordinary number of single units or small numbers of items in the scientific and complex mechanical categories which could serve as models or prototypes have been licensed for shipment to these countries in the past.

These recommendations, which embody only some of the committee's major views, are as pertinent today as they were at the time the report was filed, even more so. Yet they have been largely ignored.

Just consider some of the following examples of licenses that have been issued to sell to the Communists. The decisions made on these proposed shipments are, in my view, open to serious question.

An export license was issued on July 8, 1965, authorizing the shipment of chemical woodpulp to the Soviet Union valued at $3,375,000. The chemical pulpwood is for use in the manufacture of rayon tire cord which, in turn, is used in the production of tires. The Department of Commerce, which issued the export license, has no information concerning the size of tires to be produced. However, the rayon cord is usable to produce both passenger car and truck tires. Obviously, any tires produced would have an important use in the Soviet military and economic buildup. The first ship ment of this pulpwood was to have gone late in August. Three subsequent shipments are scheduled for September, October, and November.

The President said at a recent press conference on August 25:

I am in full accord with that observation. It is based on a recognition of the fact that the economic strength of a nation is the key to its overall strength, militarily, politically, and otherwise.

However, it is also true that the economic strength of the U.S.S.R. and its satellites is the key to the overall strength of the bloc. It stands to reason that this is why they are feverishly attempting to build up their economic base. To do this they are turning to the free world.

The Communist system, in essence, depends on totalitarian economic planning. The plan of the Communist bloc is to strengthen itself by centralizing the various capabilities within the nation best equipped to handle them. This not only creates more efficient uses of the resources available to the bloc but also produces increased sufficiency of the bloc to act as a whole. Trade with the outside is used to augment their needs, preferably on a temporary or case-by-case basis, to help overcome shortages or build up critical areas of their industries.

What is not fully known or appreciated, however, is the extent to which the administration has gone toward complying with their wishes.

As part of this, increasingly, you are seeing campaigns being launched to attempt to sell American industry and the public on the idea of trading with the Communist bloc. We are subjected to an onslaught of phrases about building bridges to the East, that it is in our interest to sell to the Communists, that we should engage in what is called peaceful trade, and so forth. Bars on our controls on trade with the Reds relating to areas they are in need of buying from the West are being steadily lowered.

facturing passenger automobiles and light trucks. Again, both of these have various uses, economic and military.

In May of this year a license was issued to authorize shipping of technical data to the U.S.S.R. for use in the design and construction of an ethylene plant. The construction of an ethylene plant. The plant is to produce ethylene by cracking of heavy petroleum oil. One million metric tons of heavy oil annually would be the capacity of the plant. The ethylene production would be 240,000 metric ene production would be 240,000 metric tons per year. The plant would also produce other gases such as hydrogen propane, propylene, butane, butylenes and some gasoline. The Department of Commerce does not know what the end use of the products would be, though it use of the products would be, though it commented that some of the major end products are plastic, petrochemicals and synthetic fibers.

Earlier, in April, the Department of Commerce issued a license to authorize Commerce issued a license to authorize shipment to the Soviet Union of technical data for the design and erection of a plant to manufacture 4,000 tons annually of para-chloroaniline and 2,500 tons annually of di-chloroaniline. Among the uses of these chemicals is the production uses of these chemicals is the production of herbicides. or weed killers, though no specific information as to their end use was furnished by the Commerce Department.

Several months ago the Department of Commerce also issued a license to authorize selling to the U.S.S.R. of technical data for the production of what was listed by the Department merely as chemical products. It turned out that chemical products. It turned out that the technical data licensed for export was for the production of various items used to produce polystyrene. In response to my request for information on the end use, I was informed not what the poly

styrene would be used for, but merely what some of its applications are such as in the manufacture of refrigerators, air conditioners, containers of many sorts, packaging for dishes, records, electronic coils, and others.

What the Department of Commerce did not say, however, is that polystyrene has a large variety of direct military and industrial uses. It is used, for example, as a binder in explosives. According to the Air Force it is used to insulate the exterior walls of large buildings. Polystyrene is used by the Army as an adapter for attachment of fuses to demolition blocks. The Nazis used it as an ignitor for the V-2 rockets and for nonmagnetic mines during World War II.

Polystyrene capacitors are used in the Minuteman program. Containers made out of this type of material have been found by our Armed Forces to be capable of safely holding comparatively large loads of explosive materials. Polystyrene is used in the manufacture of certain land mines which are fired by remote control. Polystyrene foam has been found to be an economical and lightweight material to replace wooden and steel containers to hold submarine smoke and illumination signals and marine location markers. These are only some of the many uses of this highly versatile and useful product.

A license was recently issued authorizing selling technical data to the Soviet zone of Germany to build a fertilizer plant. The data was for a phosphoric acid plant with a capacity of 20,000 tons annually for use in the production of various phosphate fertilizers.

On the subject of fertilizer equipment, in 1963 the Commerce Department issued a license authorizing exportation to the U.S.S.R. of $9.5 million of highly automated mining machinery for use in mining potash for fertilizer purposes. The Department admitted that the equipment would make a significant contribution to the economic potential of the bloc. This license was granted after Secretary of Agriculture Freeman toured the U.S.S.R. in 1963 and on his return stated that Soviet Leader Khrushchev said strong emphasis would be placed on agriculture during the upcoming 5 years. It was also at about that time in 1963, that the big United States-Soviet wheat deal was announced.

Yugoslavia is a nation which has received special treatment in the granting of export licenses and, as a result, a large amount of goods and materials have been flowing to that nation.

Copper is a very vital product for both domestic and military uses. In fact, it was recently reported, on August 17, that because of the escalation of the war in Vietnam, the Commerce Department ordered manufacturers of basic copper products to increase by 10 percent, on the average, the proportion of their productive facilities that is set aside to fill military orders.

Yet, over the last 2 months, during July and August, 12 licenses were granted authorizing shipment of copper scrap to

Yugoslavia valued at $5,436,960. What is more, although Yugoslavia claims it has insufficient copper supplies to meet domestic requirements, it is a net exporter of semifinished and finished copper products. About one-third of its exports goes to Communist countries, principally the Soviet Union. It is reported that Yugoslavia plans to increase its copper production.

It is stated in the Export Control report for the second quarter of 1965, just released, that an application for export of copper scrap valued at $481,388 to Hungary had been denied. But what is the good of such action if copper scrap can flow into the Communist bloc through Yugoslavia.

Last year, in the spring of 1964, the administration picked out Rumania as a country to which special treatment would also be given. Representatives of the United States and Rumania met and the United States agreed to sell to Rumania a large variety of items Rumania needs to build up its industries. The Department of State, on June 1, 1964, issued an announcement of items that the United States agreed to sell to Rumania. Subsequently, many export licenses authorizing shipments to Rumania have been

issued.

One of the big deals that was pushed by the administration was the negotiations to sell Communist Rumania a $50 million synthetic rubber plant, a plant to manufacture polyisoprene. This is a synthetic rubber reported to be very close in performance to rubber, and is used for heavy duty jobs such as tires for trucks and aircraft.

The deal fell through when the Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. halted negotiations with the Rumanians. The reason generally is attributed to public feeling against such a deal. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. had earlier turned thumbs

down on the proposal saying it refused to sell a synthetic rubber plant to Rumania because "you cannot put a price tag on freedom." The synthetic rubber plant was to have been part of a petroleum-chemical complex in Rumania in the rich Ploesti oil fields, which was a prime allied bombing target in World

War II.

Another element in the complex apparently is all set to go, however. It is a $22.5 million petroleum cracking unit to be sold to Rumania by the Universal Oil Products Corp. of Des Plaines, Ill. An export license has been granted and details of this contract were finalized on July 22, 1965. Not only is this unit, having a capacity of 1,100,000 metric tons per year, to be sold to Rumania, but credit will be extended to Rumania for $16.2 million of the purchase price. The Export-Import Bank is guaranteeing repayment of this amount, plus interest, at the rate of 6 percent, over a period of 71⁄2 years.

A compressor for use in a Rumanian polyethylene plant was authorized for shipment to Rumania under a license issued August 2, 1965. This is a plant which is to produce 72,000 metric tons

of polyethylene per year using a highpressure process. The Department of Commerce has no further information about the plant nor about the end use of the products in Rumania. The license of the products in Rumania. The license authorizes shipment of the technical data to Ploesti, the area of Rumania's oilfields.

Technical data for an urea fertilizer plant was authorized for shipment to Rumania by a Department of Commerce license issued July 19 of this year. The technical data is for a process for making urea by chemical reaction of ammonia and carbon dioxide. The plant is to The plant is to have a capacity of 900 metric tons of urea per day. Urea is a nitrogen fertilurea per day. Urea is a nitrogen fertilizer which can be mixed with other fertilizer components containing phosphorus and potassium to make a balanced fertilizer. This is one of the items of technical data the United States agreed to furnish to Rumania last year in the agreement announced June 1, 1964, by the Department of State.

Earlier this year, in March, the Department issued a license authorizing the sending of technical data to Rumania for methane pipeline booster station. The booster station is a unit comprised of a 4,850 horsepower gas turbine driving a centrifugal compressor to boost the pressure on a 20-inch diameter pipeline carrying methane to Rumanian industrial facilities. The end use of the methane is for Rumania's metallurgical plants and as a starting raw material for petrochemical processes, including chemical fertilizers. The Department does not know the route the pipeline will take.

Oil production equipment has been one of the major areas in which Rumania is seeking to buy data and equipment from us and which the administration last year agreed to supply to Rumania. Recently over a 5-day period, from July 29 to August 2, the Department of Commerce issued 12 separate licenses for oil drilling and production equipment to be sent to Bucharest, Rumania.

These items and their value are: Drilling weight indicators, $71,229; fishing tools for oil well drilling, $2,660; spare parts to accompany truck-mounted well logging unit, $8,909; mud pit volume tologging unit, $8,909; mud pit volume totalizer and mud weighing device, $4,650; drilling controls and spare parts, $3,337; full-bore retrievable cementers, $2,509; drilling control and parts, $6,965; retrievable bridge plugs, casing centralizers, and stop rings, $2,248; bottom hole pumping units, spare parts and attachment, $765,219; oil well pumps, $11,022; hydraulic power pipe tong, $12,535; packing and hydraulic testing tools with spare parts, $54,656.

A few months previously the Department of Commerce issued a license authorizing shipment of petroleum production equipment valued at $525,000 to Rumania. It consists of tanks, gages, meters, valves, emulsion treaters, heaters, oil and gas separators, and electrical switching gear. This is other oil production equipment which the United States agreed to furnish to Rumania ac

cording to the agreement announced by the Department of State on June 1, 1964.

The foregoing comprises only some of the items for which export licenses have been granted authorizing shipment of items to the Communist bloc.

Others as listed in the daily lists of export licenses approved include licenses to the U.S.S.R. for electrical equipment and parts for use in mining potash; technical data for the design, equipping and operation of gas processing plants; chemical compounds for industrial use; industrial instrument parts for use in chemical plants; technical data for the design and operation of a plant to produce perchloroethylene; products for use in the manufacture of rubber products; technical data for installation, repair and maintenance of hydrogen separation plants; technical data for potassium sulfate evaporators; technical data for pulpmill evaporators; technical data for construction of electrostatic precipitators; technical data for phosphoric acid evaporators for fertilizer plant; and technical data for heaters for use in a carbon bisulfide plant.

To East Germany: Parts for spectrum measuring instruments; technical data for the installation, operation and maintenance of the pulp mill evaporator; technical data for a rolling mill for copper tubes, technical data for semicontinuous hot strip mill, machines for use in processing synthetic fibers, technical data for ammonium sulfate plants, technical data for construction, operation and maintenance of stretch reducing mills; and technical data for the production of polystyrene.

To Poland: Metal treating machines and parts for use in galvanizing_sheet mills, computreater cord treating laboratory unit and parts for use in treatment of tire cord.

to electrolytic tinning line and hot dip To Hungary: Technical data relating tinning line, technical data for a continuous annealing line and coil preparation line, and electrical testing instruments and parts.

lating to silicone steel processing plant, To Czechoslovakia: Technical data reindustrial instruments, microswitches for tool machine manufacture, organic chemical compounds for the manufacture of synthetic resins; foundry molding machines, molds and tooling for manufacture ufacture of automotive pistons; and pulpwood for the manufacture of viscose rayon tire cord.

To Bulgaria: Technical data for electrolytic tinning line, technical data for reversing cold carbon steel strip mill and nonreversing temper mill, and metal working machine and parts for use in aluminum plant.

oil drilling and exploration, technical data for the design and operation of a synthesis gas unit, technical data for a slabbing mill, technical data for a slab shear.

To Rumania: Various items for use in

To Yugoslavia: Industrial instruments, construction machinery, electronic tubes and equipment, motors and parts for steel mill, aircraft parts, various types of