Alger style, marked his 71st birthday and his wife's 63d last night at a Lau Yee Chai dinner attended by close to a thousand friends.

Actually, Wong is 70 and his wife 62, but they adhere to Chinese tradition which

gives a 1-year head start on the next 10year cycle.

The Wong's two sons and six daughters were all present: Leonard D. Y. Wong, manager of the wholesale division of the Tai Hing Produce Co.; Kin Ming Wong, treasurer of Bishop Securities, Ltd.; Mrs. Milton Goo, a department of social service supervisor; Mrs. David Chu, a Castle & Cooke secretary; Mrs. Stephen Chun, who with her husband operates Fook Yuen Jewelers; Mrs. Charles Yim and Miss Leora Wong, public school teachers; and Mrs. Benjamin Lee, assistant cashier of Liberty Bank.

In a candle lighting ceremony, Wong Inn and Samuel K. Young lit the candles assisted by two grandsons of the Wongs, Kendall Wong and Michael Goo.

William Chee was toastmaster and two family friends delivered speeches-K. Y. Quon and Advertiser Editor George Chaplin. From their remarks this story of the Wongs emerged:

Conditions in the Cantonese village in which Wong Buck Hong was born were meager so, as the oldest of four brothers, he came to Hawaii in 1911 at the age of 16 to seek economic opportunity in the atmosphere of democracy.

He joined his father, who was already here, in the operation of the Tai Hing produce firm, which remains in the family.

Honolulu in 1911 was a horse-and-buggy town with muddy roads. Wong Buck Hung worked from 4 in the morning to 6 at night each day, 7 days a week. He used a pushcart and sometimes a pack on his back to deliver eggs and limes and other commodities to such customers as the Young Hotel,

the Kamehameha School and the Union Grill which was on King Street near Fort. For his work he received room and boardbut no money.

He was ambitious and he wanted to learn. He tried to enter day school. He knew the English word for "pencil," but not the English word for "book," so they turned him

down.

He went then for a year to a private school which was in back of the old First Chinese Church. But his most productive schooling was during the year and a half he attended night school at St. Elizabeth's Church on King Street. He recalls that his teacher, a Miss Miller, was very good and that she taught him and three other young people lessons in reading, spelling, geography, and history.

During all these years, Mrs. Wong has quietly but effectively met her responsibilities as wife and mother of eight children. They and the 18 grandchildren reflect the Confucian emphasis on the strong, closely knit family as the basis of a healthy society. They share the faith which Thomas Jefferson expressed in the value of education when he said, "No other sure foundation can be devised for the preservation of freedom and happiness." Three of the eight Wong children hold master's degrees and two of them are full-time career teachers in Hawaii's public school system.

Wong Buck Hung's philosophy is simple and clear. He says, "An individual is supposed to be a share of his community and his country." He says, "A man has to work hard and think of the future." He says, “A man should try to help people and be honest with people." He says, "A man needs friends. He should make friends by being a friend."

Wong Buck Hung has been a friend to many in Hawaii and to some who have long since departed these shores. In his early days here, many who wanted to return to China came to get his help with the necessary papers and with changing their money into $10 and $20 gold pieces, which they sewed into belts or on the inside of their jackets-to be drawn on, a coin at a time,

when the need arose.

Editor Chaplain, in his talk, said that in forging ahead from humble beginnings to success Wong "typifies the American dream and is a worthy reminder that our Nation's strength is in its diversity—in the blending of many cultures, many races, many religions."

He said that brotherhood and love are still the world's major needs and that science and technology can be no adequate substitute.

"If the qualities which the Wongs exemplify-by which they have guided their own lives and inspired their children's-are emulated widely and deeply enough, the goal of peace and Justice may someday be within our grasp."

OWN CAUSE

editorial, written by Mr. Fred C. Christopherson, and entitled "John Birch Society Harms Its Own Cause," makes very succinctly the basic point that the Birch Society is playing into the hands of the Communists. In the words of the editorial:

The reason for this is that the Birchers have accepted a leadership and a program so absurdly radical that they are defeating their own purposes. In tolerating the abusive condemnation of many fine American spokesmen, they have promoted a destructive distrust of constructive and useful national institutions.

I commend the Argus-Leader and Mr. Christopherson on this well-reasoned editorial. In order that my colleagues in the Senate and other American citizens may share it, I ask unanimous consent that the entire editorial be printed at this point in the RECORD.

There being no objection, the editorial was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows:

JOHN BIRCH SOCIETY HARMS ITS OWN CAUSE

Members of the John Birch Society-and there's a considerable number in this areaare as a rule men and women of probity and good purpose.

Many of them have been notably successful in their businesses and professions. In a broad sense they are among our best citizens eager to do what they should, willing to exert energy and expend money in the promotion of that which they deem worth while.

They are among the most loyal of all Americans, cherishing deeply the principles embodied in this Nation's format. They appreciate the virtue of our freedoms and recognize the fact that their preservation requires constant vigilance and upon occasion militant defense.

In joining and supporting the Birch Society, they are motivated by the good Americanism that has been through the years a vital part of their lives.

They seek to promote the laudable stated goals of the Birch organization. These are, as officially summarized: less government, more individual responsibility, a better world and the "stopping and routing of the international Communist conspiracy."

COMMUNISTS ARE HELPED

But-and this is a sad and unhappy reflection upon their activity-they are playing into the hands of the Communists.

They are among the best friends, unwittingly, of the Communist organization. In truth the Communists could well afford to

He decided-in his words-that he would "like to learn something better than the

pushcart," so he went to work for C. Y. Hop Wo, who had a butcher shop. Through this family he met his bride-to-be, Yan Sum Ching, who was born in Waikiki, of parents who had come from Canton province, and after a courtship of 7 months they were married.

The ceremony took place in a house which Wong had rented and was performed by an Englishman, the Reverend Mr. Waller, who did a bit of moonlighting, since he also managed a meat company.

This was in 1917 and 2 years later, when Wong's father returned to China for a visit, he returned to the produce firm, which he built into a substantial enterprise. He also began showing a deep and productive interest in affairs of the Chinese community and

Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President, I recently rose on the floor of the Senate to speak out against the John Birch Society and the other groups of the radical right which pose a serious danger to the American democratic system.

At that time I said that it is time for true American patriots to expose the John Birch Society for what it really is, an organization which is far outside the mainstream of American political thought and heritage. I urged that responsible American citizens in communities throughout our country stand up and combat the extremist doctrines of the John Birch Society.

The Sioux Falls Argus-Leader, South Dakota's largest daily newspaper, published an excellent editorial on this subject in its September 5 edition. This

The reason for this is that the Birchers have accepted a leadership and a program so absurdly radical that they are defeating their own purposes. In tolerating the abusive condemnation of many fine American spokesmen, they have promoted a destructive distrust of constructive and useful

national institutions.

Because so many Birchers are substantial citizens, their words have carried much weight and they have tended to blunt the swords of impressive leaders in the practical struggle to maintain Americanism.

WHAT RECORDS SHOW

It may be said and it will be saidthat this criticism of the Birch Society is without validity and that the facts are being tortured.

But impressive evidence is at hand. Robert Welch, the society's founder, continues as its leader. He is the man who insinuated that President Eisenhower was a tool of the Communists and that his brother, Milton, was his superior in this

group. He said that Allen Dulles, head of the CIA, aided the Communists. He made the same charge in respect to John Foster Dulles while he was Secretary of State.

And there's much more of the same.

Still tolerated as a member of the Birch Society's top advisory council of 30 men is Dr. Revilo P. Oliver of the University of Illinois. It was Oliver who charged that President Kennedy was assassinated because he wasn't proceeding as rapidly as the Communists felt he should in turning the United States over to them.

That comment by Oliver was printed in the American Opinion, an organ of the Birch Society.

Oliver's article about Kennedy concluded with this statement: "And if the international vermin succeed in completing their occupation of our country, Americans will remember Kennedy while they live and will curse him as they face the firing squads or

I ask unanimous consent that this article, which appeared in the Washington Post on September 3, be printed in the RECORD at this point.

There being no objection, the article was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows:

[From the Washington (D.C.) Post,
Sept. 3, 1965]

WORLD LAW MEETING: DEFEAT OF THE CYNICS (By Roscoe Drummond)

Mark down the World Conference on World Peace Through Law in Washington, September 12-18, as a signal and magnificent defeat for the cynics.

The cynics said it couldn't be done. They said it was silly to think it could be done and sillier still even to try it.

no hope for anything but a speedy death."

ABOUT VIETNAM

Much more could be said based upon comments of Welsh and those appearing in American Opinion.

Let me cite just one, the following allusion in American Opinion to Vietnam: "As for Vietnam, one thing is certain: no action really detrimental to the Communists is conceivable or even possible so long as Rusk, McNamara, and Katzenbach remain in power."

WHAT BIRCHERS COULD DO

All of this is profoundly distressing because the country so sorely needs a unity of force in the battle against not only the Communists abroad but against the encroaching tide of Marxism in this country.

Yet a group that could be powerful is virtually in effect on the other side because it is following so naively the implorings of men such as Welch and Oliver.

This is written not so much in criticism as in sorrow-sorrow because so much energy and spirit are being dissipated.

The rank and file of the Birchers could be a powerful force in the struggle against subversive elements here and abroad today. And it isn't too late for a reconstructionfor a revision of the Birch leadership on a solid and sensible basis. Let the Birchers reflect and realize that it is they, not everybody else, who are being misled.

F. C. CHRISTOPHERSON.

WORLD CONFERENCE ON WORLD

PEACE THROUGH LAW

Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President, on Thursday of last week I introduced, for myself and several of my colleagues, Senate Concurrent Resolution 57, expressing the support of Congress for the World Conference on World Peace Through Law being held September 13 to 18 in Washington, D.C.

I am most hopeful of early congressional approval of this resolution to welcome to this Conference the many hundreds of distinguished members of the legal profession from all over the world. I have been advised by Mr. Charles Rhyne, Chairman of the Conference, that should the resolution be speedily approved, plans would be made to have it translated into other languages and distributed to all in attendance at the meeting next week.

Mr. President, Roscoe Drummond has written a fine article on the upcoming Conference, describing it as a "magnificent defeat for the cynics."

about peace through law.

But the leaders of the American Bar Association didn't think so at all. They thought this was the best time to start, because something needed to be done before it is

too late.

World law, let alone world peace through law, is not just around the corner. Far from it. But a tremendous and exciting start has been made.

As a result, more than 2,500 leading lawyers and jurists from 110 countries, including 65 chief justices, 153 high court justices, and 59 attorneys general or ministers of justice will gather in Washington to draft plans for new international courts, to codify and strengthen international law, and to build resort to the bench rather than resort to the acceptance for an alternative to force for

battlefield.

The first such conference in history was held in Athens in 1963 when the leaders of the legal profession from more than 100 countries formed the World Peace Through Law Center, which now has 2,000 duespaying members, a sizable annual budget, and a $100,000 gift for a world headquarters building.

It has already compiled the first of 50 volumes bringing together all of the international law existent into a world law code for ready use.

It is developing proposals for expansion of the World Court through regional courts for easier access and for still lower trial courts

to make it easier for nations to turn to law to settle many lesser disputes.

It is publishing for the first time a directory of law, judges, and lawyers of the world, a long-needed and valuable tool for the legal profession.

Lawyers from most of the Iron Curtain countries will be present for the Washington conference, which is a meeting of individuals, not of governments. Lawyers from North Korea and North Vietnam have not responded. Peiping coined a phrase and denounced the meeting as an "imperialist plot."

It all began 8 years ago, when the president of the American Bar Association, Charles S. Rhyne, followed Winston Churchill, Chief Justice Warren, and the Lord Chancellor of London to the podium in London's historic Guildhall, and proposed that all lawyers join in a common effort to make law strong enough to replace force as the

controlling factor in the fate of man.

working at it ever since. Rhyne, a Washington lawyer, has been

It is safe to assume that things will keep on happening. Two reasons are:

Lawyers constitute the most powerful segment of society in almost every country on

every continent.

When the legal profession of the entire world mobilizes its influence and talents, as it is now doing, a powerful force is in motion. This is no miracle, but a solid beginning that

points the way in which the nations must move if we are ever to lay hold of a means to make peace equal to our means to make war.

The world's legal profession is magnificently giving its services to a new clientcivilization itself.

THE CONSTITUTION AND
MRS. COLLIFLOWER

Mr. HRUSKA. Mr. President, the Senate Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights, since 1961, under chairmanship of the Senator from North Carolina, has been engaged in an intensive investigation into the constitutional rights of the American Indian. The preliminary research and the hearings into the legal status of Indian citizens were prompted by complaints received by the subcommittee alleging that Indians were being

deprived of their rights by Federal, State, and tribal governments.

In June of this year, the subcommittee held hearings on Senate bills 961 through 968 and Senate Joint Resolution 40 which comprise a 9-point legislative package. This package was aptly described by the chairman, Senator ERVIN, as legislation the constitutional rights and privileges "designed to guarantee American Indians which are justly applicable to the first Americans."

These bills, which will represent a giant step forward for our American Indians, are being readied for consideration by the Senate. the Senate. The reports are in the final drafting stages and there is every reason to anticipate that the bills will soon be reported and will be available for Senate action early in the next session.

One area of this complex problem which came for searching inquiry was the relationship between the tribe and the individual Indian. While over the years the Congress has examined and reexamined the economic status of the American Indian, this represented the first comprehensive look into the apparent denial to Indians of rights which are available to all other Americans.

In the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 all the incidents of citizenship were given virtually all American Indians, but as recently as 1960 one Federal circuit court held that an Indian does not have the protection of the Federal Constitution when he is dealing with his tribe; that the tribe is not limited by the Bill of Rights; and that the tribe is not limited by any provision of the Federal Constitution in dealing with its tribunal members.

One tribal member did not accept this denial of her constitutional rights. Madeline Colliflower, an Indian member of the Gros Ventre Indian Tribe, petitioned for a writ of habeas corpus in Federal district court when jailed following a summary proceeding in a tribal court in which none of the rights of due process were observed.

The district court held that it was "without jurisdiction to issue a writ of habeas corpus" and granted a writ to quash the petition. She then appealed to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals.

The court of appeals held that the Federal district court had jurisdiction to issue the writ of habeas corpus and remanded the case to the district court.

Congress in 1924 capped the conquest of the American Indian by granting U.S. citizenship to all Indians born from that year on. Until then, tribal Indians had been considered "wards of the Government." But the gesture by no means fully extended the U.S. Constitution to about 70 percent of the country's Indians-the 380,000 tribal members who live on 399 reservations and enclaves maintained by the Federal Government.

Because the law still regards Indian tribes as quasi-sovereign nations. State courts have no jurisdiction over reservations; Federal courts try only major reservation crimes, such as murder. The vast majority of lesser crimes are left to 56 tribal courts manned by Indian judges, who are usually picked by tribal councils, but have little or no legal training. Tribal defendants cannot appeal to outside courts; they have even been consistently denied writs of habeas corpus. As a result, tribal judges have been free to ignore constitutional rights.

GUILTY WITHOUT TRIAL Fortunately, this situation is bound to

improve all because of Madeline Colliflower, 46, a stubborn member of the Gros Ventre Tribe (part of the Blackfoot Nation) on Montana's Fort Belknap Reservation. In 1963 the tribal court ordered Mrs. Colliflower to quit pasturing her cattle in someone else's field. Having apparently ignored the order, she was arrested by the reservation's Police Chief Joe Plumage and Officer Lyle Reddog, and haled before Indian Judge Cranston Hawley. She pleaded not guilty. But without ever giving her a trial, Judge Hawley offered her the choice of a $25 fine or 5 days in jail.

Mrs. Colliflower chose jail-and thereby aroused the sympathy of the Reverend Francis Conklin, a Jesuit law professor at Spokane's Gonzaga University. Claiming a patent denial of due process, Father Conklin petitioned Montana's U.S. District Judge William J. Jameson to "spring" Mrs. Colliflower on a writ of habeas corpus. Judge Jameson dismissed the case on the ground that he was without jurisdiction.

CHANCE FOR DEFENSE

Father Conklin went to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, which last February broke precedent by holding that Judge Jameson had jurisdiction. However, sovereign Indian tribes may be in theory, ruled this court, tribal courts are obviously "in part" arms of the Federal Government and are thus apparently bound by minimal standards of constitutional fairness.

Last week Judge Jameson heard the case and granted Mrs. Colliflower's petition. Because she was sentenced with no chance to defend herself, said the judge, "I must conclude that there was a lack of due process under the fifth amendment." Mrs. Colli

flower is not exempt from retrial and possible conviction, but her victory will sharply curb the power of tribal courts.

PAINFUL AND COSTLY LESSONS RE

GARDING LAW AND ORDER Mr. HRUSKA. Mr. President, there has been an increasing awareness across

the country that the breakdown in respect for the law is rapidly becoming, if it is not already, the No. 1 problem facing our Nation. This feeling has been reflected in the increased attention the problem is receiving.

Recently I had the opportunity to discuss this matter personally at some length with the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, J. Edgar Hoover. Much of the discussion related to matters which are dealt with in his "Message From the Director" article in the September 1965, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin.

appraisal hits the nail on the head, and His typical straight-from-the-shoulder is in refreshing contrast to the position taken by those who would blame this increasing lawlessness on the nature of our society:

No doubt, society has failed our youth, but

picture, we cannot say that we were not forewarned.

The immediate objective, of course, is to put a stop to these rumbles and mass vanmost people is what caused the principles dalism. Meanwhile, the question puzzling

and morals of some of our youth to degenerate to near animal level. Recognizing the problem comes much easier than its solution. However, of all the factors involved, I am false teaching which tends to blame society convinced one of the most damaging is the for all the frustrations, woes, and inconveniences, real or imaginary, visited upon our young people. Teenagers, and their parents, have been subjected to a foolhardy theory which condones rebellious conduct against

desires, and activities. authority, law and order, or any regulatory measures which restrict their whims, wishes, This astonishing belief has spread into the schoolroom, the living room, the courtroom, and now into the streets of our Nation in the form of wild,

drunken brawls.

but not in the way many seem to think. No doubt, society has failed our youth, Rather, the dereliction has been in the failure to teach them the meaning of discipline, restraint, self-respect, and respect for law and order and the rights of others. Conse

costly.

JOHN EDGAR HOOVER,

Director.

HOOVER INDICTS "FALSE TEACHING"

There being no objection, the articles were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows:

[From the FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, September 1965]

MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR

Young thugs and teenage criminals may

be pressing their luck by increasing their violent escapades while blaming society for their faults.

It appears that the public is beginning to gag on the steady sociological diet of excusing the conduct of teenage hoodlums because "society has failed them." Resort communities racked by senseless riots and citizens who cannot venture from their homes without being assaulted and beaten are getting fed up with pampered and insolent youth gangs.

Some courts in the troubled areas are

taking a more realistic approach in handling those involved in these outbreaks. New laws providing stiffer penalties are being enacted in a few places. We can only hope that authorities everywhere will follow this trend. Certainly, the mere desire of young miscreants to have a "blast" or to "let off steam" is no excuse to ravage a community and to maim and terrorize its residents.

That holiday riots and similar antics by carousing youths have evoked widespread concern is not surprising. It is surprising, however, that strong public reaction did not come sooner. For several years, the increasing volume of criminal acts by young people-spurred on by the lenient treatment received-has presented a clear barometric reading of what we are now witnessing. For instance, from 1960 through 1964, the percentage of young age-group arrests for homicide, forcible rape, aggravated assault, robbery, burglary, larceny, and auto theft more than doubled the population increase percentage of the same group. Arrests of persons under 18 for simple assault rose 79 percent, drunkenness and related violations 52 percent, disorderly conduct 18 percent, and concealed weapons 17 percent during the same 5 years. In the light of this shameful

(By David Lawrence)

J. Edgar Hoover, Director of the FBI, probably knows more than anybody else what's causing crime to increase throughout the Nation. He keeps in close touch with local

officials and police in all areas, and certainly

is able to form a judgment as to whether recent disturbances have been due primarily to "sociological" factors. Hence, his latest message-published in the September issue

of the FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin-about hoodlums and riots is particularly significant.

Hoover does not accept the explanation

frequently offered even in the administration-that the disorders can be blamed on the failures of society. He says:

"It appears that the public is beginning to gag on the steady sociological diet of excusing the conduct of teenage hoodlums because 'society has failed them.' Resort communities racked by senseless riots and citi

zens who cannot venture from their homes without being assaulted and beaten up are getting fed up with pampered and insolent youth gangs.

"Meanwhile, the question puzzling most people is what caused the principles and morals of some of our youth to degenerate to near animal level. Recognizing the problem comes much easier than its solution. However, of all the factors involved, I am convinced one of the most damaging is the false teaching which tends to blame society for all of the frustrations, woes, and inconveniences, real or imaginary, visited upon our young people.

"Teenagers and their parents have been subjected to a foolhardy theory which condones rebellious conduct against authority, law and order, or any regulatory measures which restrict their whims, wishes, desires, and activities. This astonishing belief has spread into the schoolroom, the living room, the courtroom, and now into the streets of our Nation in the form of wild, drunken brawls.

"No doubt society has failed our youth, but not in the way many seem to think. Rather, the dereliction has been in the failure to teach them the meaning of discipline, restraint, self-respect, and respect for law and order and the rights of others.

Consequently, the lesson now is both painful and costly."

Hoover did not discuss specially the riots which have developed out of racial friction

but confined himself to the misbehavior of teenagers generally. There are, however, many people, inside and outside the Government, who feel that to blame society for the recent disturbances is a convenient excuse and overlooks the fact that criminal elements have taken advantage of the racial Just a few days ago, William H. Parker, chief of the Los Angeles Police Department, revealed that many persons who participated in the recent riots in California were veteran criminals. He said:

controversy.

"We processed 2,500 of those arrested and found that 76 percent of them had criminal records prior to the riot. *** There were 26 of these people on parole at the time they

were arrested."

Most police officers are unhappy about the attitude of the courts in letting criminals go free. Indeed, Hoover, in his message in the Law Enforcement Bulletin, makes a comment on this point, too. He says:

"Some courts in the troubled areas are

taking a more realistic approach in handling those involved in these outbreaks. New laws providing stiffer penalties are being enacted in a few places. We can only hope that authorities everywhere will follow this trend." There is no doubt that the emphasis on "police brutality" has been stirring up hostility toward law enforcement and at the same time provoking considerable criticism from thoses responsible for the arrest and punishment of criminals.

Judge Norman Elkington of the California Superior Court, in sentencing an ex-convict to life imprisonment a few days ago, lashed out at the attention given to allegations of "police brutality." The prisoner-de

scribed by the judge as "the most vicious

criminal" he had ever seen-had claimed that his civil rights were violated by "brutality" on the part of the two arresting officers, and the charges had been investigated by the Department of Justice. The judge asked:

"How should a policeman disarm a desperate criminal coming at him with a knife? Are there some some sporting rules he must

follow, such as allowing the assailant to draw

EXTENSION OF THE NATIONAL WOOL ACT

Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, the National Wool Act is one farm program which has worked well. It is for this reason that I introduced a bill extending this act a bill on which 43 of my colleagues joined as cosponsors, including the majority and minority leaders of the Senate.

The Wool Act program has been in operation for 11 years. I think it is important to bear in mind that in 1954 the U.S. Tariff Commission, following an investigation under section 22 of the Agricultural Adjustment Act, recommended to the administration that the duty on imported wool be increased 10 cents per pound. The White House said this additional duty would jeopardize U.S. rela

tions with nations exporting wool to us. The National Wool Act was then evolved in lieu of a tariff increase. Payments under the act are limited to 70 percent of the duties on wool and wool manufactures.

It is significant that the Wool Act program is now costing considerably less than it did during the early years of its operation. One of the reasons for this is the fact that the market price for Wool has improved, thereby reducing the amount of payments necessary to compensate for the difference between the market level and the incentive level. An important factor contributing to the better market prices for wool has been the promotion program which growers themselves have financed and which has been in operation since 1955. Growers are spending their own money to promote both of their products-wool and lambs.

Unfortunately, in the present program, there has been no reflection whatsoever, through the incentive level, in the increased production costs. During the 11 years' operation of the Wool Act program, the incentive level has remained at 62 cents while the costs of production have risen approximately 15 percent. In view of this and the further fact that costs of the program have been reduced substantially in recent years, I strongly endorse the amendment which the Senate Agriculture Committee has included in the farm bill as a part of the Wool Act extension. This amendment establishes a formula to relate the incentive price level to changes in costs of pro

duction.

The Wool Act is vastly superior to the old and unsatisfactory loan program whereby wool went into Government stockpiles at high storage expense to the Federal Government and built up into surpluses that depressed the market. Certainly it is much better to have wool selling freely on the open market as it does under the National Wool Act.

The Wool Act has helped to maintain a domestic sheep industry and a domestic supply of wool so that the United States has not become dependent on foreign producers to fill our wool needs. It is a good program, one that has been working well and one that should be extended.

USE OF PRERECORDED TELEPHONE MESSAGES BY EXTREMIST ORGANIZATIONS

Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, I am among those who have viewed with alarm the increasingly common practice of extremist organizations which bring their hate and vilification to the public via prerecorded telephone messages. Others, too, have commented upon this practice which abuses, with libel, slander, and falsehood, the message service provided by the telephone companies of America for the convenience of the public.

The attention which has been focused on this problem, largely by members of this body, is becoming wider, Mr. President. The Washington Post today, September 9, carries a report that the AntiDefamation League of B'nai B'rith has

filed a protest with the Federal Communications Commission, specifically naming as an offender an organization known as "Let Freedom Ring," which operates out of Sarasota, Fla. Recently,

the Denver Post took editorial note of the problem and urged action to get to the bottom of what it called the telephone recording racket.

Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that both the Washington Post news report and the Denver Post editorial be printed in the RECORD.

There being no objection, the article and editorial were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows:

[From the Washington Post, Sept. 9, 1965] TELEPHONE MESSAGES ON TAPE CAUSE PROTEST

TO FCC

(By Burnell Heinecke)

CHICAGO. A tape-recorded telephone message operation, which is labeling the Peace Corps as "subversive," has led the AntiDefamation League to file a protest with

the Federal Communications Commission.

The FCC was asked to initiate proceedings requiring telephone companies to curb "flagrant abuses of their recorded message service" such as those listed against Let Freedom Ring, Inc., of Sarasota, Fla.

The league took the action a few days after issuing a special 4-page "Facts" edition for August, devoted exclusively to the "Let Freedom Ring" operation across the

Nation.

The report links the Let Freedom Ring telephone-recording setup to the John Birch

Society and calls it "a new voice of the radical right in America.”

The petition charges that the anonymous

recordings make "abusive and extremist at

tacks and libels on individuals and institutions."

Obscene, fraudulent and libelous statements are not within the area of constitutionally protected speech, the league's petition asserts. It acknowledges the telephone companies cannot be held liable if they have no knowledge of the libelous intent of the messages broadcast on their automatic announcement service. However, the petition declares, once the officials of the phone company are informed of libelous content of a message, the company should be able to deny use of its facilities for such messages.

The Chicago operation has been under careful watch of Illinois Bell Telephone Co. officials since its inception earlier this year. Similar phone setups are operating in nearby communities of Illinois and Indiana, according to the Chicago office of the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith.

Each message usually concentrates on one subject with a closing appeal to send 25 cents to either a local or a Florida postal box number for literature on the topic.

Last week's Chicago message, for example, declares: "The Peace Corps, long a sacred cow of the administration, has become a taxpayer-financed anti-American brainwashing operation for America's youth. One gets the uneasy feeling that something akin to the Hitler youth movement, with a Communist twist, has been born in America and is spawning its poison here and abroad."

An April message of former President Dwight D. Eisenhower, which called him "an ersatz conservative with a pro-Communist record" and "one of the greatest phonies ever put over on the American people," first brought the Let Freedom Ring telephone setup to public attention here.

In October 1964, Senator JACOB K. JAVITS

(Republican, of New York) in a Senate speech said after one tape contended that U.S. military forces were demoralized, that Pentagon analysis of the tape "makes it clear how propagandists make full use of half

truths as well as outright falsehoods to give their message the appearance of credulity." He said the group was spreading "suspicion, hate, and invective" in six States.

The Anti-Defamation League's report last week declares the Let Freedom Ring stations are now found in many of the major cities plus a host of smaller ones.

The messages come from tapes supplied by Let Freedom Ring's creator, Dr. William Campbell Douglass, a Sarasota physician listed by the Anti-Defamation League as a John Birch member. In his literature, Dr. Douglass says his is "a nonprofit corporation established to disseminate anti-Communist, anti-Socialist, pro-American broadcasts via a telephone tape recording. Your 'customer' dials a number and gets two minutes of anti-Communist dynamite."

But Anti-Defamation League said in both its report and its FCC petition that the scripts consist of "lurid visions of a 'Communist conspiracy' lurking behind civil rights,

the United Nations, the Supreme Court, the last three U.S. Presidents, the State Department, the press, the National Council of Churches, the American Civil Liberties Union, the Anti-Defamation League, and so

on."

[From the Denver Post, Aug. 20, 1965]

SENATORS TUNE IN ON HATE CALLS

We hope the Senate Subcommittee on Communications gets to the bottom of the telephone-recording racket being used increasingly by extremist groups.

Chairman JOHN O. PASTORE, Democrat, of Rhode Island, says the phone investigation will be part of a broad study of anonymity in public communications. One specific study will be made of the adequacy of identification of the source of telephone hate messages.

Evidence so far indicates that it is rightwing extremists who are using the recordings, but the same facilities are available to agitators of any political stripe.

The usual technique is to advertise a telephone number. When the caller dials the number, he hears a transcribed message of one sort or other. Some are religious, some commercial. But the Pastore subcommittee is concerned about anonymous recordings that are false, slanderous, and abusive.

In the Senate last month, Senator GALE MCGEE, Democrat, of Wyoming, said telephone recordings are "a tool of extremists coast to coast." He spoke particularly of an attack on a "teach-in" recently held at the University of Miami. That recorded message, MCGEE said, was "an irresponsible mish-mash of character assassination and name-calling." He said a Senator who had participated at Miami was described in the recording as being "shoulder to shoulder with a Marxist who advocates selective assassination."

Senator RUSSELL LONG, Democrat, of Louisiana, suggested that Congress might wish to require "people who would use the telephone to transmit recorded messages in this irresponsible manner to identify themselves and make themselves available to be sued for libel and slander, or we should require that the (telephone) company should assume responsibility for permitting that kind of message to be transmitted."

Senator JACOB JAVITS, Republican, of New York, who had complained earlier of telephone hate campaigns, said phone companies have no power to regulate the use of their equipment unless the use is clearly

illegal.

Locally the Mountain States Telephone & Telegraph Co. provides equipment for playback messages. Some subscribers offer prayers and other inspirational messages. Others are promotional and commercial. Last year in Boulder, however, an organiza

tion identifying itself as "Let Freedom Ring" tion identifying itself as "Let Freedom Ring" sponsored a series of racist messages.

The telephone company here is unaware of current uses of this type, but the company does not censor messages or monitor them. does not censor messages or monitor them. Phone customers who apply for playback Phone customers who apply for playback service are treated generally like other customers so long as they do not practice obscenity or break other laws.

The legal presumption is that the customer is basically responsible for his use of the telephone. The Pastore subcommitteeproperly, we think-will try to find out nationally whether some customers are responsible enough.

NEW YORK STATE SOCIETY WINS NEW YORK STATE SOCIETY WINS AWARD

Mr. KENNEDY of New York. Mr. President, I would like to call to the attention of my distinguished colleagues attention of my distinguished colleagues the selection of the New York State Society of Washington, as the most outstanding State society of the year. The New York State Society was presented with the Roy C. Haines Memorial Award in recognition of their civic and charitable activities during the past year.

The New York State Society has many members who are making an important contribution to our Federal Government here in Washington. here in Washington. Their additional participation in this society is a testimony to their public spirit.

I wish to compliment the officers and members of the society for the excellent program that they have conducted during the past year and ask unanimous ing the past year and ask unanimous consent that an article about the society appearing in the Washington Post on August 29, 1965, be printed in the

RECORD.

There being no objection, the article was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows:

[From the Washington Post, Aug. 29, 1965] STATE SOCIETIES CONFERENCE HONORS NEW YORK

(By Adelaide Harris)

The New York State Society has captured the Roy C. Haines Memorial Award given anually by the Conference of State Societies for the most outstanding State society of the year.

The silver trophy went to the Empire State at a conference party given Friday night to honor Joseph C. Brown, former president honor Joseph C. Brown, former president of the conference. The event took place in the Crystal Room of the Naval Weapons Plant, with conference vice president, Col. Robert J. Schissell, as host.

State Societies receiving honorable mention were Hawaii, Illinois, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Oklahoma, Texas, and Virginia.

In the absence of New York State Society president Richard J. Sullivan, who is chief counsel for the House Public Works Comcounsel for the House Public Works Committee, E. Erwin Dollar, an officer of the New York group, received the award.

On hand, too, was conference head L. Ray Smath, of Kentucky.

Brown, in his presentation speech, noted that officers of the New York State Society have not only served their own group but "have devoted a large portion of their time

and talent" to the conference, as well. He said that they have raised, through the 1964said that they have raised, through the 196465 season, nearly $1,000 for civic and charitable purposes. He also observed that they have attracted top Government officials, civic leaders, and business executives to many receptions and benefits throughout the year.

TESTIMONY BY SENATOR MORSE RAISES SMALL BUSINESS ISSUES

Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, a fellow member of the Senate Small Business Committee, Senator MORSE, testified recently before the Patent Subcommittee on pending bills to formulate a uniform patent policy.

The Senator has devoted considerable time and effort to compiling a history of Government patent legislation and the consequences of alternative policies. After showing that the two or three largest firms received most of the Government's R. & D. awards, Senator MORSE advocated that small business be given fair and equitable access to the results of this research.

I ask unanimous consent that an article from the Washington Post of August 20, summarizing this testimony be printed in the RECORD.

There being no objection, the article was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows:

[From the Washington Post, Aug. 20, 1965] MORSE CALLS PATENT BILL CLAUSE EFFORT TO STEAL BILLIONS

(By Morton Mintz) Senator WAYNE MORSE, Democrat, of Oregon, said yesterday that a key provision in a pending bill amounts to "an attempt by private business and its representatives to steal" patent rights to billions of dollars worth of public property.

He testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee's Subcommittee on Patents, which is winding up hearings on proposals intended to unify a now diverse set of Government patent policies.

The central issue is the ownership and use of property rights in inventions made with Government research and development ex

penditures of $15 billion a year. All but $3 billion is spent with private contractors.

Although Senator JOHN L. MCCLELLAN, the subcommittee chairman, is sponsoring the measure attacked in part by MORSE, the Arkansas Democrat said it is largely an administration bill.

The provision MORSE denounced would permit title to Government-financed discoveries to be vested in the contractors that make them. This is now done even before the inventions are made by the Defense Department.

By regulation that MORSE said "is in direct contravention of the law" that created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA also permits advance waiver of patent rights to contractors.

MORSE said the provision would "sweep away" 10 laws, enacted over the last 30 years, under which other agencies retain title to discoveries they finance but make them available to all industry.

The agencies include the Agriculture and Interior Department, the Tennessee Valley Authority, the Atomic Energy Commission, and with certain exceptions, the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

The provision would stimulate a trend toward monopoly and concentration, MORSE said. It would enable large firms to become bigger and more powerful and put increasing pressure on small business, including 300,000 small manufacturers, "to merge, sell, or be driven out of business."

MORSE Said that about 85 percent of Federal research and development funds, goes to a handful of large corporations, which take out one-half to two-thirds of all patents.

Several subcommittee witnesses have testified that contractors require incentives to risk the often substantial sums needed to