legislative troubleshooter and chief liaison man between the White House and Congress, he has gained widespread respect in official Washington.

In short, the President's latest two appointments are as promising of good results as any he has made in the past.

tablish closer contact and friendship with the people of Poland. This is an admirable purpose, but the objective is not an easy one. It was 26 years ago this week that Hitler's invasion of Poland touched off the Second World War. Although the Nazi war machine was defeated 6 years later, Poland did not taste the victory. For two decades the Polish

L.B.J.'S CHANGING OF THE GUARD There must have been some red faces in the Washington press corps when President Johnson announced the new changes in his official family. One correspondent recently confided to his readers his exclusive information that Lawrence O'Brien would leave the White House by Labor Day for a public

relations job. Another concluded that President Johnson's recent reappointment of John A. Gronouski would assure him the Cabinet hat of Postmaster General for the next 4 years.

The shifts announced yesterday, of course, were motivated by something much deeper than the President's special delight (even on a birthday occasion) in upsetting the speculations and conclusions of newspapermen. The President disclosed some time ago his special interest in "building bridges" to the East. One of the key spans in any bridge of that kind obviously is Poland. Mr. Gronouski, as a close associate of President Johnson in the Cabinet post he is now leaving and as the grandson of Polish immigrants, is himself exceptionally qualified to serve as a bridge between Washington and Warsaw.

Mr. O'Brien's succession to the vacated seat gives formal Cabinet recognition to a man who played a key role in securing congressional approval of the legislative program first advanced by President Kennedy and then carried forward by President Johnson. More than that, it will insure that Mr. O'Brien's public relations talents will remain in the service of the President and his program for a Great Society.

[From the Philadelphia (Pa.) Inquirer,
Aug. 31, 1965]

ANOTHER CABINET CHANGE Slowly, but steadily, the President's Cabinet is becoming more personally identified with the Johnson administration. This year has been one of continuing transition to the L.B.J. brand.

ination. In recent years some measure of autonomy has been evident in Poland but it remains a Soviet satellite.

We are certain, beyond any doubt, that the fires of freedom still burn bright in the hearts of the Polish people. We want them to know of America's continuing hope that a completely free and independent Poland will become not merely a dream but a reality

in the not too distant future.

Getting this message across to the people of Poland, while conducting relations with the Communist-controlled Polish Government, will be a difficult exercise in diplomacy requiring the best that Mr. Gronouski can give to the task.

[From the New York (N.Y.) Journal American, Aug. 31, 1965]

L.B.J.'S JACKPOT

In appointing his ace assistant, Lawrence F. O'Brien, to be Postmaster General, and in naming John A. Gronouski, the incumbent, as Ambassador to Poland, President Johnson has demonstrated once more his superb mastery of politics in the highest meaning of that word.

The elevation of Larry O'Brien to a Cabinet post is a deserved recognition of his talents as an organizer and director of victorious election campaigns, as an astute liaison with Congress, and as a presidential adviser who held the respect of John F. Kennedy, as he is granted it now by L.B.J.

As a holdover from the Kennedy administration, Mr. O'Brien has not been, at least technically, a member of the Johnson White House team. That is another indication of the value the President places on, in L.B.J.'s words, his "strong right arm."

There is plenty of precedent for Presidential appointment of close political advisers as Postmaster General. Mr. O'Brien, who thrives on hard work, can be counted on to give the job a full measure of his intelligence and energy.

John T. Connor, Treasury Secretary Henry H. Fowler, and Secretary John W. Gardner of the Health, Education, and Welfare Department. In addition, U.N. Ambassador Arthur J. Goldberg, who holds Cabinet rank, is a Johnson appointee.

In tapping Mr. O'Brien for the Postmaster Generalship, President Johnson has selected one of the inner circle of the late President Kennedy's confidants. There seems to be unanimous agreement in Washington that O'Brien's ability to get things done, as liaison man between the White House and Congress, has been notably efficient in both the Kennedy and Johnson administrations.

The O'Brien appointment is to fill a vacancy created by President Johnson's selection of John A. Gronouski to be Ambassador to Poland. From Postmaster General to a diplomatic post in Warsaw is a switch of major proportions but Mr. Gronouski, the grandson of a Polish immigrant, will take to his new assignment a broad background of knowledge and interest in Polish-American relations.

The President, in announcing the Gronouski appointment, gave special emphasis to the administration's strong desire to es

tion."

[From the Springfield (Mass.) Union, Aug.

31, 1965]

AN ENVOY WELL CHOSEN

The task of cultivating understanding between the peoples of Poland and the United States shapes up as a difficult one-simply because this Nation's image has deep roots in Poland, and there always has been a great warmth of feeling between the two peoples. But President Johnson's appointment of Postmaster General John Gronouski as Ambassador to Poland promises to make strong ties stronger-whether the powers that be in Warsaw like it or not.

Mr. Gronouski-who succeeds John Moors Cabot, a career Foreign Service officer, now to be reassigned-would have been an excellent choice under any circumstances. Grandson of a Polish immigrant, he holds a doctor of philosophy degree in economics and taught at several colleges before joining the Wisconsin tax department. He is regarded as an expert in public finance and international economics, and has made a study of Polish customs and history. As U.S. Postmaster General, he visited Poland in 1964. His interest in foreign affairs and his talent for administration-displayed in

economies and job improvements within the Post Office Department-should also serve the new Ambassador well.

There have been few times in history when diplomacy has been as important to peace as it is today. In fact, the problem facing the world is the more serious because in this nuclear age the alternative to peace could become the destruction of mankind. President Johnson hopes that the achievement of Gemini V will encourage nations to feel a unity of purpose, in space and on earth. The prospective travels of the astronauts to other countries will cast them in the role of ambassadors of good will. Similarly, it is important to promote feelings of kinship at every opportunity through the regular channels of interna

tional contact.

The personal magnetism of John Gronouski impressed people who met him last April when he visited greater Springfield as Postmaster General. The transplanting of that quality and others from the Cabinet post to the ambassadorship of Poland was a wellconsidered move.

[From the Federal Times, Sept. 8, 1965] UNIONS EXPRESS REGRET AT GRONOUSKI TRANSFER

WASHINGTON.-John Gronouski is an informal man with a pipe and a gravel voice and a willingness to go to the people and talk with them.

His unaffected interest in the well-being of the 600,000 men and women who work for the Post Office Department won him the confidence of the postal unions.

Employee leaders expressed their regret at his leave taking, wished him well on his new assignment and adopted a wait-and-see attitude about the incoming Postmaster General,

Lawrence F. O'Brien.

Francis S. Filby, administrative aide for the United Federation of Postal Clerks, said of Gronouski: "His door was always open; he never denied us the opportunity to present our views."

His union and others had had disagreements with the Department, Filbey said, but it was possible to negotiate differences and sometimes obtain a compromise on certain issues, he said.

Legislative Representative Patrick J. Nilan of the Postal Clerks described Gronouski as "the most outstanding Postmaster General in the last 15 or 20 years." Nilan said Gronouski "recognized the human element and was understanding and honest." Nilan said he expects "no sharp change" in relations with the Department under O'Brien.

Jerome J. Keating, president of the National Association of Letter Carriers, said Gronouski is a "conscientious man who applied himself well." O'Brien's policies "remain to be seen," Keating said.

Floyd E. Huffman, president of the National Rural Letters Association, said his group "looks forward to working with Mr. O'Brien."

NRLCA Secretary John W. Emeigh said Gronouski was "the best all-around Postmaster General." He said that "the mark of his service will be his contributions to the field of labor-management relations; he tried to help the employees understand what the Department's policies were all about."

Henry J. Stoffer, president of the National League of Postmasters, agreed that Gronouski "is very easy to talk to." He gave "an important role in management to the postmasters," Stoffer said.

He described O'Brien as "an astute politician" who is aware of "the political scene in the post office" as well as "the need for service to the public." Stoffer expressed confidence in O'Brien's ability.

John P. Snyder, executive director of the National Association of Postmasters, said that Gronouski "made a wonderful Post

master General" and expressed his congratulations at the new appointment as ambas

sador.

He said his organization is as willing to work with O'Brien as it was with Gronouski.

Sidney A. Goodman, president of the National Postal Union, paid Gronouski a compliment for his "frank and open attitudes" and his willingness to hear union views.

He agreed that O'Brien would come under close scrutiny by the unions during his first months in office. NPU, he said, will be waiting to learn O'Brien's attitude on a number of things, matters affecting employees.

Frederick J. O'Dwyer, president of the National Association of Postal Supervisors, expressed his appreciation for Gronouski's "interest in things affecting the upper and middle levels, which include most of our members."

He said he is "sorry to see him go" but agreed that O'Brien is a capable man for the job.

[From the Hartford (Conn.) Courant, Aug. 31, 1965]

A NEW POSTMASTER AND AMBASSADOR TO POLAND

Whatever other merits the appointment of John A. Gronouski as Ambassador to Poland may have, it is a break in the Johnson habit of appointing close friends and Texans to high posts. One might almost say the same thing about the appointment of Lawrence F. O'Brien to be Postmaster General, except that the latter has been working closely with the President since the death of President Kennedy, and has been Mr. Johnson's liaison man with Congress.

At least four of Mr. Johnson's appointments have been individuals who have served the Johnson family privately: Leonard Marks, new Information Agency head, served the Johnson family as attorney. Sheldon Cohen, new Commissioner of Internal Revenue, was the President's personal adviser on income taxes. Edward Clark,

now Ambassador to Australia, and Abe Fortas, now Justice of the Supreme Court have also served as personal advisers to the President.

In addition to these, there is quite a bag of Texans filling top spots. These include, among others, Adm. William F. Rayburn, of Decatur, Tex., now head of Central Intelligence, and Lloyd Hand, former president of the University of Texas and now Chief of Protocol in the State Department.

There are others, all of them reflecting the rather circumscribed area of the President's interests. There is nothing inherently wrong with this, but one can only remember the simple day when the then President Truman was criticized severely for appointing a crony, Maj. Gen. Harry Vaughn, as his military aide. The Government is now being filled with friends of the President, although he has made some splendid nonpolitical appointments.

When he assumed office, he had at his disposal a reservoir of brains and skills bequeathed to him by the late President Kennedy. During the past 8 months, these men have gradually been drifting from Government, so that Mr. Johnson found himself with more vacancies than men available to fill them. It is only natural, then, that he should look to his immediate friends, some like Abe Fortas, who were loath to leave private life.

His appointment of John A. Gronouski

was particularly fitting, and it is hoped that

he will be able to build the bridges between this country and Poland, traditionally a

friend of the United States.

[From the Miami (Fla.) News, Aug. 31, 1965]

L.B.J.'S LATEST SURPRISES

President Johnson's surprise choice of Postmaster General John Gronouski, the grandson of a Polish immigrant, to be our

new Ambassador to Poland is an excellent one. Not only will all Americans of Polish descent be pleased, but our relations with Poland, always friendly, should be strengthened despite the fact the country is a captive of Soviet communism.

The President's confidence in Mr. Gronouski is evident when you consider that the Warsaw Embassy is one of the most sensitive in the world, since it is there that the United States maintains its only contact with Red China.

To succeed Mr. Gronouski as Postmaster General, the President has also chosen well. His legislative aide, Lawrence O'Brien, strong on efficient organization, will move up to the Cabinet as head of the postal service, where organization talent is always in demand.

Both Mr. Gronouski and Mr. O'Brien were first chosen by the late President John F. Kennedy and were kept on by Mr. Johnson. Both have served with distinction and will have opportunity for even greater service in their new posts.

Neither of the two new appointees was originally a "Johnson man." Neither came to Washington to serve the man from Texas. But when Mr. Johnson came to the White House both demonstrated loyalty to his administration. They put their best talents to work to help make Mr. Johnson's presidency a success.

There is every reason to believe that both would have continued to serve in their jobsor would have vacated their jobs if Mr. Johnson had desired it. The President has promoted them. And even the most severe critics of the administrations will be hard pressed to find fault with these appointments which show politics to be, not a "dirty business" but a most worthwhile business because it offers able men the opportunity to give high service to their country.

[From the Baltimore (Md.), Sun, Aug. 31, 1965]

BRIDGING WITH A FLAIR

President Lyndon Johnson has raised the

Aug. 31, 1965]

TWO ABLE PUBLIC SERVANTS REWARDED BY PRESIDENT

President Johnson selected wisely when he named Mr. John Gronouski the new Ambassador to Poland and placed Mr. Lawrence O'Brien in the Cabinet as Postmaster General succeeding Mr. Gronouski.

These nominations by Mr. Johnson are far more than political rewards to political friends. Both Mr. Gronouski and Mr. O'Brien are able men. They come from different sections of the Nation-even as their ancestors came to America from different parts of the world-and they come from different backgrounds. But each in his own way represents the very best that the American political system can develop and offer in the way of public servants.

Mr. Gronouski-actually it is Dr. Gronouski, by virtue of a Ph. D. earned at the University of Wisconsin-is an intellectual who was a college professor before he entered government service at the State level. President Kennedy picked him to be Postmaster General-the last Cabinet appointment he made before his assassination.

As Postmaster General he was a candid

critic of the bureaucracy in his Department, once commenting that he was surprised that he ever got a letter mailed to him. He worked to shake his Department out of its lethargy-and to some degree he was successful.

His name, his candor, and his strong will will make him an effective voice for his Nation in the country from which his grandfather immigrated to America.

Mr. O'Brien's life has always been involved in the world of politics and public relations. As a child he worked with his father, an Irish hotelkeeper in Boston, in ward politics. In 1950 Mr. O'Brien saw a flash of great promise in a young congressman from Massachusetts. He selected Mr. Kennedy and dedicated all his efforts to helping make him the President. He was with Mr. Kennedy

all the way-even to the end at Dallas.

After President Kennedy was elected in 1960 Mr. O'Brien reportedly had hoped he would be Postmaster General. President needed his talents elsewhere in the area of legislation. And so Mr. O'Brien went to work on the White House staff, striv

ing to push through a sometimes stubborn

Congress, the New Frontier program.

His job was never easy. Much of the proHe worked diligently-even courageously. gram came into law after Mr. Kennedy's death.

President Johnson-who has a telling way with Congress-graciously paid great tribute to Mr. O'Brien for his work in getting the Kennedy-Johnson legislative program en

acted.

from two to one to three to one in the past partment morale and good for the Nation's 2 years. This has been good for State De

interests overseas. It has also tended to overshadow the care and imagination the President has used in selecting noncareerists.

On Sunday the President named Postmaster General John Gronouski to be Ambassador to Poland, an appointment that is an excellent example of imagination and care.

Mr. Gronouski is a highly esteemed public servant. He has been adequate in his present job, one in which "adequate" is an adjective of high praise. He has been a teacher of economics and banking and the tax commissioner in his native Wisconsin, earning praise and respect. This record and his interest in international finance are recommendations enough for his new job. But there is more.

He is the grandson of a Polish immigrant, a director of the Pulaski Foundation, a speaker of the language.

bridges to Eastern Europe. To be precise, Last year the President promised to build what is needed is bridge rebuilding, certainly in the case of Poland. As the President said Sunday, part of Mr. Gronouski's job is to strengthen the "deep and historic bond" between the two countries.

The choice of a Polish-American who rose to the top in this country as a public servant is bridge rebuilding with a flair.

Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, Assemblyman Milton McDougal, of Wisconsin, has forwarded to me the certificate of incorporation of a remarkable Wisconsin group. It has been established not for profitmaking, but for a purpose urgently needed in this country: "To form a nonprofit, educational institution,

to honor, elevate, and enhance the image and status of the American farmer."

Mr. President, on a day when we have been debating the Nation's farm bill and considering a program for the most basic and essential producer in America-and I might add both the most economically depressed and the most efficient producer in this country, such an organization is mighty welcome.

MILWAUKEE'S CY RICE, A GREAT REPORTER

Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, Cy Rice of the Milwaukee Sentinel, has for

many years been one of Wisconsin's most respected and competent political reporters. He has been the kind of driving, inquisitive, persistent reporter who could elicit a fruitful interview from a granite statue.

But he has always been a responsible reporter. His articles have been scrupulously fair to both Republicans and Democrats.

Cy Rice has not only been a great reporter. He is a man with a delightful

sense of humor. One of the best known and most beloved political characters in our State is Duffy J. Guffey, Cy Rice's fictitious brainchild who has opined in Sentinel columns for years at Herman's Heist about the vagaries of Milwaukee and Wisconsin politics.

A few days ago Cy Rice having reached the age of 65, retired. And Milwaukee and Wisconsin newspaper reporting will never be the same without him.

Of course Cy has many more years of useful service in many capacities. He is not only a political expert. He has been a theater reviewer and a man of many and diverse interests.

I ask unanimous consent that a recent article from the Milwaukee Sentinel about Cy Rice and his retirement be printed at this point in the RECORD.

There being no objection, the article was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows:

[From the Milwaukee (Wis.) Sentinel,
Sept. 3, 1965]

CY RICE, SENTINEL POLITICAL WRITER, RETIRES;

ENDS 43 YEARS AS NEWSMAN

(By Harvey Schwandner) Around midnight Thursday, Cy Rice yanked a cover over his typewriter in the Milwaukee Sentinel city room and strode off to retirement.

Rice's love of the Irish and Ireland moved him some years ago to visit the land of his ancestors. He tramped over much of the country and came back feeling refreshed.

Rice lives with his wife, Cleo, at 773 North Prospect Avenue.

Cy Rice has a law degree but he has never practiced law. He studied law at Marquette University while working nights at the Sentinel.

Just why he never quit the newspaper business to go into law has never been ex

plained completely by Barrister Rice and it's a bit late to push the matter now.

When Cy retires, he is going to put more effort into his only hobbies-reading and walking. He will also continue to write a weekly column for the Sentinel on the thea

ter and literature.

And if Rice should happen to bump into Duffy J. Guffey on Meinecke Avenue and take a few notes, you just might see that in print, too.

THE STAMP ACT CONGRESS

Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, last week the distinguished Senator from Virginia [Mr. ROBERTSON] spoke in support of House Joint Resolution 598, a measure to authorize the President to issue a proclamation commemorating the 200th anniversary of the Stamp Act Congress of October 1765. This resolution was introduced in the House of Representatives by the Honorable JOHN O. MARSH, of Virginia. It was passed by the House on August 26. I commend the Senator from Virginia [Mr. ROBERTSON] and Representative MARSH for their efforts to insure that this significant event receives appropriate recognition on its 200th anniversary. I join them in support of House Joint Resolution 598, and I hope it will be promptly reported and passed by

He is 65 and he feels it in his bones. That's the Senate. As the Senator from Vir

the way he puts it and he should know.

Cy Rice has put in almost 43 years in the news and communications business. He is one of Wisconsin's most widely known newspapermen.

For years he has covered politics with a hard and sometimes cynical eye. He has also covered the theater with deep affection, insight and knowledge.

He has covered most of the runs in our town at one time or another. He has a host of friends outside the city room as well as in

it. He knows who has the answers and he knows how to get stories when the youngsters fall on their faces.

Cy Rice is one of the few remaining characters in our profession. He has the capacity

to almost destroy a typewriter with a scowl when he is working on a difficult story. Sometimes he grumbles to his machine when the words do not come just right.

When it is necessary to roar at a missing copy boy, he can do it with the best of them, in a voice composed of gravel and cinders.

A 100-percent Irishman, Cy has a sense of humor that goes deep.

Some years ago he invented a character, Duffy J. Guffey, "Milwaukee's alderman at large," a portly fellow with a scowl, a fat cigar

and a bowler hat.

ginia [Mr. ROBERTSON] has stated: That Congress was a milestone in our fight for independence.

The Stamp Act Congress was strong evidence that the sturdy citizens in the American Colonies were willing to move-even at great personal sacrificeto resist any infringement of their rights. It is indeed appropriate for this Congress to authorize the President to commemorate the Stamp Act Congress which declared opposition to taxation without representation and trail by admiralty courts without a jury. It is admiralty courts without a jury. It is timely because today the United States is assisting many less fortunate nations in the struggle for freedom and there surely is a lesson to be learned from the sacrifices of our forebears.

my address "The Shield of Freedom,” be printed in the RECORD.

There being no objection, the excerpts were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows:

THE SHIELD OF FREEDOM

We are gathered to pay observance to the ideals and sacrifices of the patriots who formally proclaimed our struggle for independence 189 years ago in the city of Philadelphia. Those men of the Continental Congress who endorsed the principle of the unalienable rights of "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" launched a revolution whose echoes we again hear throughout the world.

This is the true political and social revolution of our times-the revolution of the American proposition that the fruits of this life are best secured by freedom and that freemen are capable of creating their own destinies.

As we glory in our freedom, we should reflect not only on those who gave their lives in the Revolution and in intervening wars but, also, on this question:

What sort of men were the 56 Members of the Continental Congress, who pledged their "lives, fortunes, and sacred honor,' even while a British fleet was at anchor in New York Harbor?

We know that, on July 4, 1776, Thomas Jefferson's shining document was adopted without a dissenting vote, and that John Hancock signed it as President of Congress.

We recall, too, that 4 days later, on July 8, 1776, "freedom was proclaimed throughout the land."

The Declaration of Independence was ordered engrossed on parchment. August 2, 1776, was set for its formal signing by the 56 Members of Congress.

We must not overlook the fact that the actual signing of such a document, under British or any other law of the time, was a formal act of treason against the Crown. But every Member eventually-some were absent on

August 2-yes, every Member eventually

signed in spite of the consequences.

So, the question is pertinent: What happened to the men who signed the Declaration of Independence? Few people know the terrible penalties that many of the signers were made to pay. We are indebted to the American Legion magazine for the vivid story in its July issue which gives us answers.

We are reminded that, for rebels, the 56 Members of Congress who signed the Declaration of Independence, were a strange breed. Almost all of those signers had a profusion of the "lives, fortunes, and sacred honor" they pledged.

Ben Franklin was the only really old man among them; 18 were still under 40, and 3 jurists and lawyers. Eleven were merchants and nine were landowners or rich farmers. The others were doctors, ministers, or politi

still in their twenties. Twenty-four were

cians.

With only a few exceptions, like Samuel Adams-whom well-wishers furnished a new

suit so he might be presentable in Congressthe 56 Members of the Continental Congress

were men of substantial property.

All but two had families, and the majority were men of education and cultural standing. In general, each came from what would now be called the power structure of his home State. Actually, the Members of that Congress-the signers had security as few men had it in the 18th century.

than he had to gain from it, except where principle and honor were concerned. It was

Each had far more to lose from revolution

principle-not property-that brought those men to Philadelphia. In no other light can the American Revolution be understood.

The Legion magazine story reminds us that John Hancock, who had inherited a great fortune and who already had a price of £500 on his head, signed the Declaration of Independence parchment in enormous letters, so, as he said, "His Majesty could now read his name without glasses and could now double the reward.”

Benjamin Franklin said, as our history books tell us, "Indeed, we must all hang together. Otherwise, we shall most assuredly hang separately."

The signers knew what they risked. The penalty for treason was death by hanging. Stephen Hopkins, of Rhode Island, was a man past 60 and signed with a shaking hand. But he snapped, "My hand trembles, but my heart does not."

These men were all human, and therefore fallible. Perhaps, as Charles Thomson once admitted, the new Nation was "wholly indebted to the agency of Providence for its successful issue." But I agree with the author of the story in the Legion magazine, "whether America was made by Providence or men, these 56, each in his own way, represented the genius of the American people then already making something new on this continent.

"Whatever else they did, they formalized what had been a brush-popping revolt and gave it life and meaning, and created a new nation, through one supreme act of courage."

Most of the 56 members of the Continental Congress who signed the Declaration of Independence were later called reluctant rebels. Most of them had not wanted trouble with the British Crown. But when they were caught up in it, they had willingly pledged their lives, their fortunes, and their sacred honor for the sake of their country.

It was no idle pledge. Of the 56 who signed that noble document, 9 died of wounds or hardships during the Revolutionary War.

Five were captured and imprisoned, in each case with brutal treatment.

Several lost wives, sons, or family. One lost his 13 children. All were, at one time or another, the victims of manhunts, and driven from their homes.

Twelve signers had their houses burned. Seventeen lost everything they had.

Not one defected or went back on his pledged word.

Their honor and the Nation they did so much to create are still intact.

But, as the author wrote in the Legion magazine, "freedom, on that first Fourth of July, came high."

ORDER FOR ADJOURNMENT TO

MONDAY

Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that when the Senate completes its business today, it stand in adjournment until 12 o'clock noon on Monday next.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ACT OF 1965

The Senate resumed the consideration of the bill (H.R. 9811) to maintain farm income, to stabilize prices and assure adequate supplies of agricultural commodities, to reduce surpluses, lower Government costs and promote foreign trade, to afford greater economic opportunity in rural areas, and for other purposes. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, a parliamentary inquiry.

Sidney O. Smith, Jr., of Georgia, to be U.S. district judge for the northern district of Georgia.

Richard E. Eagleton, of Illinois, to be U.S. attorney for the southern district of Illinois

George M. Stuart, of Alabama, to be U.S. marshal for the southern district of Alabama for the term of 4 years.

Eternal God, in whose peace our restless spirits are quieted, from the flickering torches of our own understanding into Thy holy light, we would lift the difficult decisions of the public service which are focused within these walls.

In the brooding silence of this still moment may the open windows of faith flood our darkness with the radiance of the eternal, that in Thy sunshine's blaze this toiling day may brighter, fairer be.

We give Thee thanks for all interpreters of Thy mind who, with brush or pen, or winged words, bring even one more syllable of reality, one more gleam of the truth which makes men free. Clothe our failing flesh, we beseech Thee, with Thy renewing grace as now we bring our incompleteness to Thy completeness. Grant us the vision to meet and match the vast designs of this glorious and challenging day that we may keep step with the drumbeat of Thy truth which is marching on.

In the dear Redeemer's name we lift our prayer. Amen.

1965

Charles W. Yost, of New York, to be the FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ACT OF deputy representative of the United States of America to the United Nations with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and a deputy representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations.

James Roosevelt, of California, to be the representative of the United States of America on the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations.

Mrs. Eugenie Anderson, of Minnesota, to be the representative of the United States of America on the Trusteeship Council of the United Nations.

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION

Dr. James Watt, of the District of Columbia, to be the representative of the United States of America on the Executive Board of the World Health Organization.

DEPARTMENT OF STATE

John A. Gronouski, of Wisconsin, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to Poland.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Under the previous order, the Chair lays before the Senate the unfinished business.

The Senate resumed the consideration of the bill (H.R. 9811) to maintain farm income, to stabilize prices and assure adequate supplies of agricultural commodities, to reduce surpluses, lower Government costs and promote foreign trade, to afford greater economic opportunity in rural areas, and for other purposes.

THE JOURNAL

Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I yield myself 1 minute on the bill. I ask unanimous consent that the reading of the Journal of the proceedings of Friday, September 10, 1965, be dispensed with.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, it is so ordered.

MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT— APPROVAL OF BILL

Messages in writing from the President of the United States were com

municated to the Senate by Mr. Geisler, one of his secretaries, and he announced that on September 11, 1965, the President had approved and signed the act (S. 511) to increase the authorization of appropriations for the support of the Gorgas Memorial Laboratory.

EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED As in executive session,

The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid be

fore the Senate messages from the President of the United States submitting sundry nominations and withdrawing the nomination of William J. Porter, of Massachusetts, a Foreign Service officer of the class of career minister, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which nominating messages were referred to the appropriate committees. (For nominations this day received, see the end of Senate proceedings.) Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I yield myself 5 minutes on the bill. I sug

gest the absence of a quorum.

The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. YOUNG of Ohio in the chair). The clerk will call the roll.

The Chief Clerk proceeded to call the roll.

Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for the quorum call be rescinded.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.

LIMITATION OF STATEMENTS DURING TRANSACTION OF ROUTINE NONGERMANE BUSINESS

Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, in Mr. President, in view of the fact that conditions covering the weather are affecting the return of some Senators to Washington, I ask unanimous consent that there be a brief period for the transaction of nongermane business.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection to the request of the Senator from Montana? The Chair hears none, and it is so ordered.

What time limitation does the Senator from Montana fix?

Mr. MANSFIELD. I yield 3 minutes to the Senator from Maryland, on the

bill.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Maryland is recognized.

AMENDMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES ACT OF 1946, AS AMENDED

Mr. TYDINGS. Mr. President, I introduce, for proper reference, a bill to amend the Administrative Expenses Act of 1946, as amended, to provide for reimbursement of certain moving expenses of employees, and to authorize payment of expenses for storage of household goods and personal effects of employees

The Federal Government is making an effort as never before to improve the quality of its civil servants by increasing the appeal of a career in the Government. The President, as is well known, has sought to attract to the Federal service the most valuable and capable people in the Nation, and to retain the qualified people already in the Federal service. The recent pay raises, designed to bring our Federal salary standards closer to those of the private sector of the economy, are another example of the efforts to upgrade our civil service. A third example is provided by the management intern program whose goal is to select and train promising individuals

for high Government posts.

There are worthwhile steps toward a worthwhile goal. Our Federal Government must attract the most qualified personnel possible. The problems of today require no less.

In this era, an efficient government is a mobile government. The functions of the Federal Government are spread throughout the United States. Federal employees frequently must move so as to keep the performance of regional offices at the highest level.

Yet more and more Federal employees are reluctant to move, even with the incentives of pay grade increases. This is so because there is a definite, sizable gap between what it costs to move and the amount of that cost which is assumed by the Federal Government. John W. Macy, head of the Civil Service Commission, believes that this gap is the most important single factor in the reluctance of Government employees to move. Mr. President, we must eliminate that gap.

When a Federal employee is asked to move for the improved operation of the Government, he must make a difficult decision. If he has children, he must take them from their school to another, a move which rarely is pleasant for anyone concerned. If he has his own house, he must dispose of it. This always involves certain costs of selling, such as closing costs, and brokerage fees. It may also involve a loss of the employees' equity investment. To find a new home, he must make a househunting trip at his

own expense.

When an employee moves, he must pay his family's living expenses while enroute from the old home to the new. If, by the time he is required to begin work in his new location, he has not found permanent lodgings, he must occupy temporary quarters, often at quite considerable expense-his own expense. If his new quarters are such that he cannot find room for all of his household goods, he must store much of his furnitureagain at his own expense.

I do not think it fair to the employee or in the best interest of the Government to require him to bear these expenses himself. Almost all large businesses offer their employees generous moving allowances. If the Federal Government expects to compete with private industry for qualified personnel it must not lag

Nonetheless, we cannot repay Federal employees for the intangible and psychological costs of moving from their circle of friends, for the difficulties their children suffer when they move from one school to another, for the unpleasantness of tearing up their roots in the community. To absorb these social costs, we must depend upon the devotion of Federal employees to their Government.

But, Mr. President, we should do what we can to mitigate this financial burden upon employees who are required to relocate.

The Civil Service Commission has sur

veyed those employees who moved for the

good of the Government in fiscal 1962. The conclusions cry for action. More than four out of five employees lost money on their moves, and the losses were significant. The average loss was $558. Approximately 17 percent of the movers lost more than $1,000. The average loss on closing costs for selling a home was $677. Needless to say Federal employees are generally not rich men. the President are anxious to see the burden of moving lifted from the shoulders of the Government employee. I agree with them, and accordingly I am submitting this bill, based on Civil Service will make our Federal service more equiCommission recommendations, which table, more mobile, and more efficient.

Both the Civil Service Commission and

Four major types of employee moving expenses are covered.

First, moving and storing household goods: The weight limit on goods which can be moved at Government expense will be raised from 7,000 to 11,000 pounds.

Employees who are assigned to locations where their quarters cannot accommodate their household goods would be reimbursed for storage costs for up to 3 years.

for payment of expenses of employees Second, travel: The bill would provide and their families, including meals, lodging, and transportation while en route to their new location. It would pay for a round-trip househunting trip for the employee and spouse to seek permanent quarters and for expenses of occupying temporary quarters for a reasonable length of time.

Third, real estate transactions: The bill would reimburse employees for the expenses of selling a residence or settling an unexpired lease in connection with the move. It would not-and I emphasizeit would not pay for losses on the sale of real estate incurred because of an actual decline in the selling price and reimbursement for brokerage fees on the sale of the residence could not exceed the amount generally charged in the area where it is located.