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men fell back and marched through the town and out to where their horses were, and, after remounting, continued to fall back to the vicinity of Greencastle. The news of the occupation of our town by the Confederates was known all over the country, and great numbers of people, as well as some Federal scouts, moved by curiosity, or a desire to ascertain precisely where the enemy were, had come within sight of the men in line of battle on Shirk's Hill. Seeing these, and hearing of the gathering of troops at Harrisburg, and that a large body was advancing, they were alarmed, and, supposing themselves to be in danger of being attacked in overwhelming numbers, or flanked and cut off, they fell back within supporting distance of the Confederate infantry at Williamsport. As Jenkins and his staff rode up street after the dismounted men had all passed nearly out of sight, a number of our citizens were standing upon the pavement in front of the court-house. Supposing that they might be armed and intended to fire upon them, the general and his staff drew their pistols and rode toward the citizens. A stampede, of course, ensued. As the last of the soldiers was leaving the northern end of the town, they set fire to a large frame warehouse then belonging to Messrs. Oaks & Linn, but it was speedily extinguished by the citizens in that vicinity. The firing of that warehouse, and the destruction of the Scotland railroad bridge, were the only acts of real destruction attempted. True, many horses, cattle, and other things were taken, but all was within the rules of war, except the carrying away of free negroes.

After Jenkins withdrew his force to the vicinity of Greencastle, he sent out foraging parties in all directions

in search of additional plunder. One detachment consisting of about two hundred and fifty men under the command of Colonel Ferguson crossed the Cove Mountain by way of Mercersburg, reaching McConnellsburg, the county seat of Fulton County, shortly after daylight on Thursday. This was the first appearance of the Confederates in that place and the inhabitants were terribly alarmed as they arose from their beds to find the town in possession of the dreaded enemy. A vigorous search was at once instituted for horses, of which a large number was taken. The stores and shops were also visited, and although the alarm had extended there and stocks were nearly all removed or concealed, a considerable amount of valuable articles was taken. In some cases these were paid for in Confederate scrip. The streets, after their departure, were lined with old shoes, boots, and hats which had been thrown aside for better ones. About one mile north of the town a drove of fat cattle, valued at about six thousand dollars, belonging to Ex-Sheriff J. W. Taylor of this place, was grazing. These were taken, and together with the horses which had been captured, were driven with them and handed over to Rodes' infantry at Williamsport. On the following Sunday this same body of the enemy plundered the stores and shops of Greencastle. Had it not been that the business men there as elsewhere had removed their stocks, the losses would have been much greater. Another detachment was sent east, and after plundering the rich country about Waynesborough, crossed the south-eastern flank of the South Mountain, where, at the Monterey Pass, on Sunday, the 21st, the Philadelphia City troop and Bell's cavalry of Gettysburg, encoun

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tered their pickets. In the evening of the same day about one hundred and twenty of them entered Fairfield, and returned again by the Furnace road, taking with them all the good horses they could find.

From the time that these cavalrymen fell back from this place to below Greencastle-Wednesday, the 17th-until Monday morning, the 22d, the whole southern portion of Franklin county was plundered by these men, and the captures made were transferred to Rodes' division at Williamsport. It would be difficult to estimate the value of the property taken by this raid, but it certainly amounted to not less than one hundred thousand dollars. Then its coming in the season of the year when the farming interests required the use of the horses, and followed a few days afterward by Lee's vast army, which added vastly to the amount taken, increased immensely its inconvenience and loss. Many croppers who had little else than their stock, were bankrupted. The effect of this raid, however, was to arouse the people of Pennsylvania and the whole North, and volunteers for the defense of the border hurried to Harrisburg.

By Monday morning, the 22d, the various detachments of Jenkins' command had all rejoined the main body between Greencastle and Hagerstown, where, on that day, they were joined by Rodes' division of infantry, when the real invasion of the State was begun.

8

CHAPTER IV.

THE INVASION.

URING the week while Jenkins was raiding the NG southern border of Pennsylvania, the corps of Hill and Longstreet were on the march to the Potomac, while the Federal army was moving parallel to them on the east of the Blue Ridge. Resuming our narrative of the daily movements of these two armies where we left off in a previous chapter to detail the disastrous affair at Winchester, and the raid of Jenkins, we commence with:

Monday, June 15. The head-quarters of the Army of the Potomac were this day moved from Dumfries to Fairfax Station; the Second Corps moved from Falmouth to near Aquia; the Fifth Corps from Catlett's Station via Bristoe Station to Manassas Junction; the Sixth Corps from Aquia Creek and Stafford Court-House to Dumfries; the Twelfth Corps from Dumfries to Fairfax CourtHouse; the Cavalry Corps guarding the left flank of the army left Warrentown Junction and moved to Union Mills and Bristoe Station; the Artillery Reserve moved from Wolf Run Shoals to Fairfax Court - House; and the Eleventh Corps, after marching all the previous night arrived at Centreville.

Tuesday, 16. This day the Second Corps marched from near Aquia via Dumfries to Wolf Run Shoals, on the

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Occoquan; the Sixth Corps from Dumfries to Fairfax Station; and the Cavalry Corps from Union Mills and Bristoe Station to Manassas Junction and Bull Run.

General Longstreet, after leaving Culpeper CourtHouse, marched directly across the county east of the Blue Ridge. His object was to cover Ewell and Hill in the Shenandoah Valley. Stuart's cavalry, on this day, left its encampment on the south bank of the Rappahannock and moved along Longstreet's right flank. Longstreet hoped that Hooker might be tempted to turn about and attack either himself, or Hill and Ewell through one of the gaps of the mountain, in which case Stuart was to take advantage of any opportunity which might offer and interpose between the Federals and Washington. General Hooker, however, understood his antagonist's designs, and adhered to his main purpose to make the safety of the National Capital the paramount consideration. Accordingly, he directed the daily movements of his army so as to insure this object, until that army was posted about Centreville, Manassas, and Fairfax Court-House, entirely covering all the approaches to Washington.

About this time while the whole North was in a state of commotion and excitement consequent upon the approach of the foe, the Confederate Capital was also thrown into a state of consternation by the approach of Federal troops from the Peninsula. General Dix, who commanded at Fortress Monroe, received orders from Washington to advance upon Richmond, which, it was believed, was weakly defended at that time. Troops were accordingly sent by water and landed at Yorktown. General Getty, in command of one column of about seven thousand men,