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RIGHT OF DOWER.

Woman, in an Estate worth $100, provided she survives her Husband.*

The table is to be entered at the top with the age of the husband, and at the side with the age of the wife; under the former and opposite to the latter is the present value of the dower-right in an estate worth one hundred dollars.

Thus, if the age of the husband be 50 years, and that of the wife 32 years, the present value of the dower in $100 is $6.70; so that if the estate be worth $10,000, the present value of the dower-right would be $670.

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Judges.

XXX. COURT OF CLAIMS.*

Appointed. Salary.

of New Hampshire, Presiding Judge, 1855, $4,000

John J. Gilchrist,

Isaac Blackford,

of Indiana,

Geo. P. Scarburg, of Virginia,

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Montgomery Blair, of Dist. of Columbia, Solic. for U. States, 1855, 3,500

S. H. Huntington, of Connecticut,

Chief Clerk,

1855, 2,000

XXXI. PUBLIC LANDS.

THE public lands belonging to the General Government are situated, 1st. Within the limits of the United States, as defined by the treaty of 1783, and are embraced by the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and that part of Minnesota east of the Mississippi River, all of which have been formed out of the Northwestern Territory, as conveyed with certain reservations to the United States by New York in 1781, by Virginia in 1784, by Massachusetts in 1785, and by Connecticut in 1786; also the lands within the boundaries of the States of Mississippi and Alabama north of 31° north latitude, as conveyed to the United States by Georgia in 1802. 2d. Within the Territories of Orleans and Louisiana, as acquired from France by the treaty of 1803, including the portion of the States of Alabama and Mississippi south of 31°; the whole of Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, and that portion of Minnesota west of the Mississippi River; the Indian Territory; Kansas, Nebraska, and Oregon Territories. 3d. Within the State of Florida, as obtained from Spain by the treaty of 1819. 4th. In New Mexico and California, as acquired from Mexico by the treaty of 1848.

Within the limits recognized by these treaties and cessions, the public lands covered an estimated area of 1,584,000,000 acres. In this is not included any territory acquired from Mexico by the treaty of 1853. Exclusive of the lands in Oregon, California, New Mexico, Utah, Kansas, and Nebraska Territories, the entire area of the public domain is stated, after a careful examination, to have been 471,892,439 acres. The average cost per acre to the government of acquiring title, &c. to the lands is 14.41 cents; of survey, 2.07 cents; of selling and managing, 5.32 cents; in all 21.80 cents; while it receives $ 1.25 per acre, or a net profit on each acre sold of $ 1.032.

During the year ending June 30, 1854, there were sold, for cash, 7,035,735.07 acres; located with military land-warrants, 3,402,620 acres, and with other certificates, 14,182.26 acres; in all, 10,452,537.33 acres. In

* The act establishing this Court, and giving it its jurisdiction, is in the "Titles and abstracts of Public Laws," No. 32, ante, page 143. The Court was opened for the first time July 13, 1855, at the Capitol in Washington.

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addition, there were reported under swamp land grants, 11,033,813.53 acres; and for internal improvements, railroads, &c., 1,751,962.19 acres; making an aggregate of 23,238,313.05. During the year ending September 30, 1854, 9,384,464 acres were surveyed, and 8,190,017 acres were brought into market. The following table gives the sales for the year in detail, in the several States:

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Amount received in

Amount
of Inci-

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Treasury.

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Total, 7,035,735.07 9,285,533.58 9,000,211,81 1,488.16 283,833.61 311,938 24 8,467,587.39

The following table shows the sales of public lands and the proceeds thereof from the year 1833 to 1854, inclusive. The sales, however, as the above table indicates, do not show the amount of public lands disposed of during the year. Full details of the present condition of the public lands, and of the various grants and donations thereof for purposes of education and of internal improvement, are given in the American Almanac for 1850, pp. 180 et seqq.

Quantity of Public Land sold, and the Amount paid for it, in each Year,

from 1833 to 1854, inclusive.

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The following table shows the number of land-warrants issued under the acts of 1847, 1850, and 1852; the number located; and the number now outstanding.

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The following table exhibits the present condition of the grant of 500,000

acres made to certain States, for internal improvements, by the act of Sep

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Illinois,

209,085 208,980

Missouri, 500,000 500,000

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111

105 Michigan, 500,000 498,638 1,362 Arkansas, 500,000 499,889 Florida,* 499,990 368,290 131,700 Mississippi, 500,000 499,984 16 Iowa, 500,000 500,000 Louisiana, 500,000 387,875 112,125 Wisconsin, 500,000† 416,721 83,279

Alabama,

97,469 97,469

The Commissioner states that the effect of granting lands to aid in the construction of railroads has already been such, that "immense regions have been disposed of that were thought to be wholly unsalable, because of the difficulty of access." Between July 5, 1852, the date of their first being offered for sale, to September 30, 1854, there had been sold within the six and fifteen mile limits of the Illinois Central Railroad, in Illinois, 773,353.26 acres, and 1,604,641.11 acres located, in all 2,377,994.37 acres. For this there was received in cash, $1,984,129.01, and the cash value of the warrants surrendered was $ 2,005,081.38.

* Subject to readjustment, owing to imperfect plats. † Under decision of Attorney-General, July 24, 1852.

INDIVIDUAL STATES.

Joseph A. Sanborn,
James R. Bachelder,
Isaac R. Clark,

I. MAINE.

Government for the Year ending the 1st Wednesday in January, 1856.

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of Augusta,
of Readfield,
of Readfield,
of Bangor,

Governor (term expires on Salary.

$1,500

Secretary of State,

900

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Councillors. - Noah Smith, Jr., of Calais; Franklin Clark, of Wiscasset; Marshall Cram, of Brighton; Henry Richardson, of Old Town; Abner Coburn, of Bloomfield; Charles Danforth, of Gardiner; and Ammi Cutter, of Lovell.

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The State is divided into three Judicial Districts, denominated the

Western, Middle, and Eastern Districts; and for the purpose of hearing and determining questions of law and equity, the terms are held for these dis

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