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Judges.

• Common Pleas.

Salary. Term expires. Daniel P. Ingraham, $4,000 Dec. 31, 1857. Charles P. Daly, 1859.

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Judges.
Salary. Term expires.
John R. Brady, $4,000, Dec. 31, 1861.
Robert B. Conolly, Clerk.

Alex. W. Bradford, Surrogate. Salary, $3,000. Term expires Dec. 31, 1857.
John J. Doane, Register.

Marine Court.

Alfred A. Phillips, Judge. Salary, $3,000. Florence McCarthy, Judge. Salary, $3,000. A. K. Maynard,

Recorder.

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James M. Smith, Jr. Salary, $ 3,000.

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City Judge.

Sidney H. Stewart. Salary, $ 3,500.

Education. -The amount of capital and annual revenue of the several funds appropriat. ed to the purposes of education, for the year ending September 30, 1854, was as follows:

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Common Schools. - Of the funds devoted to education, what was exclusively the Common School Fund in 1854 may be stated as follows:

Productive capital of the Common School Fund,

Amount from United States Deposit Fund which will produce $165,000, the sum annually appropriated therefrom, for the support of Common Schools, at six per cent interest,

Amount from same fund which will produce at six per cent $25,000 annually, that being the sum reserved by the constitution to be added annually to the capital of the School Fund,

Making a total of

$2,425,211.97

2,750,000.00

416,666.67

$ 5,591,878.64

The annual interest on this sum, at six per cent, is $335,512. The balance of the income of the United States Deposit Fund is appropriated to the support of Colleges, Academies, the Normal School, Indian Schools, Teachers' Institute, &c. The income of the Literature Fund must, by the constitution, be applied to the support of Academies.

The whole amount of public money received from all sources by the Commissioners of cities, and town Superintendents, during the year ending July 1, 1854, was $1,656,993.37. Apportioned for teachers' wages, $ 1,316,935.11; for libraries, $47,654.06. Leaving a balance for contingent expenses, &c. of $ 292,404.20. The amount of taxes levied during the year, for purchasing school-houses, was $ 44,995.07; for building do. $290,283.89; for hiring do. $11,139.57; repairing do. $ 102,095.24; insuring do. $ 3,991.10; fuel, $93,813.08; books, apparatus, &c., $11,414.76. The amount paid for teachers' wages, besides public money, was $235,365.25. Aggregate expenditures for school purposes during the year, $ 2,666,609.36.

Statistics of the Common Schools for the Year ending July 1, 1854. Whole number of districts, the school-houses of which are situated within the town, 11,798. Number of whole districts in the State, 8,855. Number of parts of districts, 5,875. Returns were re ceived from 8,729 whole and 5,723 parts of districts. Average length of schools in all the districts, 8 months. Volumes in district libraries, 1,572,270. 877,201 children were taught during the year. 1,186,709 were returned between 4 and 21 years of age. 199,155 pupils attended school less than 2 months; 212,110 attended 2 months and less than 4; 177,957, 4 and less than 6; 123,206, 6 and less than 8; 71,193, 8 and less than 10; 42,174, 10 and less than 12; and 13,591 attended school for 12 months. There were 4,568 colored children between 4 and 21 in the 30 colored schools reported. $1,978.12 of public money were received on account of colored schools, and, besides public inoney, $ 1,360.33 were paid for teachers' wages. Number of unincorporated, select, and private schools reported in the districts, 1,501. Average number of pupils therein, 34,279. $1,000 are appropriated for the support and education of Indian youths at farm-houses, instead of at schools, as for

merly. 1,570 pupils had their tuition paid by the State at academies in the expectation that they will become teachers. Teachers' Institutes were held in 19 counties of the State. About 250 attend the Normal School at Albany annually. In September, 1854, there were 250 pupils in the school, 64 males and 186 females. The whole number of graduates is 780, 391 males and 339 females. In this school in 1852-53, 16 Indian youth, 15 males and 1 female, were taught to prepare them for teachers among their own people. Nearly every county in the State is represented in this school. The miscellaneous library consists of about 1,000 volumes and pamphlets; that of text-books of about 6,000 volumes. The expenses of the school for the year were near $11,492.00. Mr. Samuel B. Woolworth is Principal of the school.

FINANCES.

Debt of the State. - The general fund and railroad debt, at the close of the fiscal year ending September 30, 1854, was $6,355,654.37; the canal debt was $17,272,244.16; canal revenue certificates under the law of 1851, $1,500,000; making an aggregate of $ 25,127,898.53, -on which accrues annually nearly $ 1,352,000 interest. There is also a contingent debt, consisting of State stock and comptroller's bonds, of $ 920,000, upon which the State does not pay interest. This will make the total indebtedness of the State $ 26,047,898.53. July 1, 1855, $1,314,819.34 of the canal debt became due, and January 1, 1856, $4,000,000 will become due.

The property of the State, in addition to the educational funds mentioned above, consists of the works of internal improvement. The net (i. e. deducting expenses of collecting) amount of tolls derived from them during the year 1854 was $ 2,912,470.20. This is six per cent interest upon $ 48,541,170, which may be taken as the worth of the works of the State. The average net annual income for the six years 1849 to 1854 inclusive, is $ 3,232,094.21, which is equal to a capital of $ 53,868,236, at six per cent interest. Deducting the expenses for repairs as well as for collection, the net average revenue for the six years is $2,330,049.42, which is equal to a capital of $ 38,834,157, at six per cent interest. The amount of debt incurred for their construction and yet unpaid, is as stated above, $17,272,244.16, in addition to the $ 1,500,000 of canal revenue certificates. The taxable property of New York in 1854 was $1,361,154.143; being $ 1,091,514,033, the assessed value of 23,297,142 acres of real estate, and $272,638,110 of personal estate. The State and county taxes were $7,631,718.13; the town taxes, $2,006,561.70. Total taxation, $9,638,279.63, - making the rate of State, county, and town taxes, 6.3 mills on a $1 valuation. The highest rate was 19.5 mills on $ 1, in Hamilton County; the lowest, 2.5 mills in Rockland and West Chester Counties.

General Fund, on which are charged the ordinary Expenses of Government.

Revenue for the year ending Sept. 30, 1854,

Expenditures during same period,

Excess of revenue of General Fund,

$1,949,590.27 1,785,458 49 164,131.78

The amount received and expended at the Treasury during the year was as follows: Balance, October 1, 1853,

Receipts from all sources from October 1, 1853, to September 30, 1854,

Payments during same period,

Balance, September 30, 1854,

Chief Sources of Income to General Fund Sales of land,

$ 1,240,696.75

9.473.825 27

10,714,522.02

7.170 395.85

$3,544,126.19

$168,265.67

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Banks. There were in the banks, 197 banking associations, and 82 individual bankers. Of these, 4 banking associations and 41 individual bankers have given notice of their intention to discontinue the business of banking. 15 banking associations and 8 individual bankers have deposited securities, and commenced the business of banking during the year. The following statement shows the conditions of the banking associations, and individual bankers, Sept. 23, 1854. Resources. Loans and discounts, $ 151,672,576; due from brokers, $ 3,498,843; real estate, $5,178,831; bonds and mortgages, $7,861,746; stocks, $20,820,653; specie, $ 13,661,565; cash items, $16,453,329; bills of solvent banks, $3,664,238; due from solvent banks, $ 12,433,782. Liabilities. - Capital, $83,773,288; profits, $ 11,136,931; circulation, - not registered, $310,023, -registered, $ 31,197,757; depositors, $ 81,068,103; due banks, $ 22,800,788 ; due Treasurer of New York, $3,902,737; other dues, $ 4,341,321.

State doing business, October 1, 1854, 55 incorporated

The amount of circulation issued to individual bankers and banking associations was $24,661,572; to redeem which the Superintendent of the Banking Department had securities amounting to $25,962,160.33, made up of bonds and mortgages, $ 6,718,248.11; New York State stocks, $ 13,125,482.42; canal revenue certificates, $ 1,429,500; Illinois State stocks, $646,637.83; Arkansas do. $221,000; Michigan do. $172,000; United States stocks, $3,518,306.47; cash, $ 130,935.50. But one bank (the Eighth Avenue Bank in the city of New York) failed to redeem its circulation. The securities held in trust by the superintendent were sold at public sale, converted into cash, and a dividend of 94 per cent. was paid to bill-holders. The bonds and mortgages were sold at about 80 per cent.

The New York city banks now make their returns weekly. The American Almanac for 1855, p. 249, gave their weekly returns from July 1, 1854, to Nov. 11, 1854, inclusive. The following table shows their condition monthly, on the first return day of each month, from December 2, 1854, to November 3, 1855.

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Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, New York. - Harvey P. Peet, President. Number of teachers, 13; number of pupils, Dec. 31, 1853, 278; left during the year, 43; admitted, 44; whole number, Dec. 31, 1854, 279. Of these 203 were supported by New

York; 16 by the city of New York; 20 by New Jersey; 32 by their friends; and 6 by the Institution. The time of admission is the first Wednesday in September; terms, $130 per annum for each pupil, clothing and travelling expenses excepted, to be paid semi. annually in advance, and satisfactory security for punctual payment of bills and clothing, which, if desired, is furnished by the Institution at an additional charge of $30 a year. The receipts of the Institution from all sources for the year 1854 were $49,982 16. Expenditures, including balance last year due the treasurer of $3,460.53, $52,367.71. Due the treasurer, $ 5,847.08. The Legislature at its session in 1854 authorized the admission, with the sanction of the Superintendent of Public Instruction in each case, of all deaf mute children residents of the State, whose circumstances entitle them to share in the legislative provisions for their education.

State Prisons. - Levi Lewis is Warden at Auburn, Munson O. Lockwood at Sing Sing, and John L. Barnes at Clinton. - The whole number of convicts in these prisons, Dec. 1, 1853, was 1,952 (1,673 white and 279 black). Received during the year, 702 (647 white and 55 black); discharged during the year, by expiration of sentence, 446; by death by disease, 57; of these 11 died at Sing Sing of the Asiatic cholera; by casualties, 4; by escape, 2; by pardon, 134; to Lunatic Asylum, 7; by reversal of judgment, 3; transferred to county jail, 1; in all, 660. Remaining in prison, Dec. 1, 1854, 1,994, of whom 115 were females.

The daily average of all the three prisons was 1,989. The yearly average increase in all the prisons for seven years is 86. The average daily earnings of each convict for the last seven years at the different prisons were as follows: at Auburn, 33.9 cents; at Sing Sing, 30.8 cents; at Clinton, 49.7 cents. The average price of convict labor upon contract is at Auburn 54.6 cents per day; at Sing Sing (including females), 36 cents; at Clinton, 75 cents. The difference between the prices and the earnings is that the contract price is for the labor of able-bodied convicts, while a large portion of the convicts are not able-bodied. The av erage yearly expense of each convict for rations for 7 years is at Auburn, $30.70; at Sing Sing, $35.94; at Clinton, $35.19. The number of punishments in all the prisons was 887. The punishments were the shower-bath, cropping the hair, confinement in a dark cell, yoking, bucking, and wearing ball and chain. Of the 549 male convicts received at Sing Sing and Auburn, 214 were for grand larceny, 21 for petit larceny, 120 for burglary, 17 for robbery, 6 for arson, 31 for forgery, 26 for manslaughter, 11 for rape, 27 for felonious assaults, 9 for bigamy, 18 for counterfeiting, 8 for receiving stolen goods, 6 for carrying slung shot, 4 for false pretences. 2 are sentenced for life, 46 for periods between 10 and 21 years, 92 for 5 and under 10 years, 123 for 3 and under 5 years, and the remainder for shorter periods. 12 were 16 years of age and under, 127 between 16 and 20, 31 were over 50. 286 were natives and 259 were foreigners. 3 were convicted for the 4th time, 9 for the 3d, 47 for the 2d, and the rest for the first time. 233 were temperate, 205 intemperate, and 106 moderate drinkers. At the Auburn prison the receipts for the year applicable to general support were $76,849.12. Expenditures, $72,417,827. Excess of receipts, $4,431.30. At Sing Sing the receipts were $107,963.87. Expenditures, $ 136.142.24. Deficiency, $28,173.37. At Clinton, receipts, $33,939.70. Expenditures, $ 32,089.72. Excess of receipts, $ 6,849.98.

State Lunatic Asylum, Utica. - John P. Gray, Superintendent. The number of patients at the commencement of the year (Dec. 1, 1853) was 446; admitted during the year, 390; whole number treated during the year, 836. Discharged during the year, 386. Remaining Nov. 30, 1854, 450. Of those discharged, 164 were recovered, 42 were improved, unimproved, 116. Total admissions since asylum was opened, July 16, 1843, 4,313. Discharged, 3,863, of whom 1,789 were recovered. 108 applications were refused during the year, and 51 unfavorable cases removed to make room for more recent ones. It is proposed to build another State Lunatic Asylum. The census of 1850 gives over 2,500 insane in the State. The reare at Utica, 450; at the New York City Asylum, Blackwell's Island, 557; at King's County Asylum, Flatbush, 220; at the Bloomingdale Asylum, 130; in all, 1,357, thus leaving nearly half of the insane unprovided for.

Pauperism. -Paupers relieved or supported during the year ending Dec. 1, 1854, 137,347 ; county paupers, 122,377; town paupers, 13,593; received into poorhouses, 33,167. Of those supported or relieved, 2,123 were lunatics, 724 idiots, and 154 mutes. 84' paupers

were born in the poorhouses during the year, and 3,266 died. Number in poorhouses, Dec. 31, 1854, 12,105, of whom there were under 16 years of age, 2,083 males, and 1,347 females. 3,299 children over 5 and under 16 were taught in poorhouses about 7.5 months each. The nativity of 115,690 is reported: of these 51,687 are males, and 64,003 are females. 50,581 are natives of the United States; 47,726 natives of Ireland; 3,433 of England; 1,205 of Scotland; 10,161 of Germany; 950 of France; 1,379 of Canada. The total poorhouse expenses were $ 750,427.64; do. of temporary relief, $371,476.95; total expenses, $ 1,121,904.79. Value of labor of paupers, $ 27,839.37. Expenses of each pauper beyond earnings per year, $45.20, or .865 cents per week.

Western House of Refuge, Rochester, New York, Samuel S. Wood, Superintendent. This institution was opened August 11th, 1849, and when the new wing now (Jan. 1855) erecting is completed, will accommodate 360 inmates, besides the officers, &c. From August, 1849 to January 1, 1855, there had been received 495 boys. Number remaining January 1, 1855, 263; 155 were received during the year; average age, 1333; 56 were Americans, 95 foreigners, and 4 colored. 109 were committed for petit larceny; 16 for grand larceny; 1 for rape; 18 for vagrancy. Of those who left during the year, 40 were indentured; 5 sent to sea on whaling voyages; and 50 discharged to parents and guardians. The boys work seven hours a day, and are at school three and a half hours.

Asylum for Idiots, Syracuse, New York, Dr. H. Wilbur, Superintendent. - This institution was opened at Albany, in October, 1851, under the care of Dr. Wilbur, but early in 1854 it was decided to remove it thence. Liberal offers were made by the citizens of Syracuse, and it was decided to remove it there. Eighteen acres of land were purchased, and the corner-stone of the building was laid September 8, 1854. The expense of the land and buildings is estimated at about $ 80,000. There were 50 pupils in the Asylum at Albany, in December, 1854, and there had been during the year applications for the admission of as many more.

Statistics of Crime. The following table is compiled from the returns of the clerks of the courts and sheriffs. The returns are not complete, and are more full for some years than others. They however show, substantially, the history of convictions for crime in the State for a quarter of a century.

Classification of Crimes for which Convictions were had in Courts of Record during

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1833 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854

296 237 463 458 484 408 394 471 384 385 437 397 397 409 412 483 432 112 115 120 121 175 244 172 177 138 132 120 150 199 148 228 185 189 472 479 437 460 504 504 489 467 471 396 512 545 521 475 480 573591 42 51 49 49 63 78 60 54 38 24 33 44 36 49 48 52 75 164 186 274 427 376 336 312 529 440 408 425 404 410 401 434 553 835

Total. 1086 1118 1343 1515 1602 1570 1427 1689 1471 1295 1527 1540 1563 1482 1602 1846/2122 The nativity of persons convicted in courts of record from 1841 to 1854, inclusive, is given, and of those so convicted, 9,548 were natives of the United States, and 5,450 were foreigners. In the indictments tried, the convictions were 64 per cent; acquittals, 31 per cent; disagreements, 5 per cent.

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