November 8 the presidential election took place. Lincoln carried States sufficient to give him 212 electoral votes, while McClellan would receive only 21, those of New Jersey, Delaware, and Kentucky. In but one large State, New York, was there a close contest; Lincoln had a majority of the popular vote, in the whole country, of 494,567.1 Another result of the elections of the year was that enough Republican and Unionist members of the House of Representatives had been elected to insure the requisite majority of two-thirds for the constitutional amendment abolishing slavery.

"2

"I give you joy of the election," wrote Emerson to a friend. "Seldom in history was so much staked on a popular vote. I suppose never in history." "I thought that I should have much to say about the result of the election," wrote Motley from Vienna to his daughter. "But I am, as it were, struck dumb. The more than realization of my highest hopes leaves me with no power of expression except to repeat over and over again,

'O Grosser Gott in Staube danke ich dir.' " 3

Even with the wealth of experience which his country's history has since furnished him, the historian can add nothing to the fervor of these expressions of men who lived in the spirit. In the first election of Lincoln, the people of the North had spoken, had declared their antagonism to slavery; did they remain true to their highest aspirations, they could

What was done? what to do? A glance told him both,
Then striking his spurs with a terrible oath,

He dashed down the line, mid a storm of huzzas,

And the wave of retreat checked its course there, because
The sight of the master compelled it to pause.
With foam and with dust the black charger was gray;

By the flash of his eye, and the red nostrils' play,

He seemed to the whole great army to say,

'I have brought you Sheridan all the way

From Winchester, down to save the day.'" - P. 77.

1 Stanwood, Hist. of the Pres., pp. 307, 308.

2 Cabot, p. 609.

8 Motley's Correspondence, vol. ii. p. 191.

CH. XXIII.]

THE WAR MUST GO ON

539

not turn back, but must go forward. In spite of burdensome taxation, weariness of the war, and mourning in every household, they decided on this election day of 1864 to finish the work they had begun.1

1 My authorities for this account of the campaign other than already mentioned are the files of the N. Y. Times, Tribune, World, Independent, Boston Advertiser, Chicago Tribune, Springfield Republican, Columbus Crisis, Belmont's speeches, Aug. 29, Sept. 17; Life of Vallandigham by his brother; Life of Chase, Schuckers; Julian's Political Recollections; Sherman Letters; Life of Bowles, Merriam; Life of Garrison, vol. iv.; Pierce's Sumner, vol. iv.; Nicolay and Hay, vol. ix.; Greeley's Amer. Conflict, vol. ii.; Reminiscences of Lincoln, Rice.

All writers on the Civil War owe their foremost and greatest obligations to the United States government for the publication of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. No such compilation was ever before possible (nor has it been since); and the government in seizing the opportunity has rendered a unique service to history. In this connection I am glad to acknowledge courtesies received from Hon. Russell A. Alger, Secretary of War.

The many references which I have made to Nicolay and Hay's history are by no means the full measure of my obligations to these authors, whose knowledge and industry have lightened very considerably the task of those who follow after them. During many years I had the opportunity of listening in the freedom of private conversation to Colonel John Hay's comments on public men and affairs, and my recollection of his brilliant talk has been a good annotation to his published work. I have also been helped by John T. Morse's Lincoln more than the references to it would seem to indicate. My frequent conversations with Gen. J. D. Cox, Francis A. Walker, John C. Ropes, Charles F. Adams, Thornton K. Lothrop, and George H. Monroe have been of assistance to me in the use of my material, and in arriving at proper judgments of many of the men whose deeds I have attempted to recount.

I am under great obligations to my friend Professor Edward G. Bourne of Yale University for reading carefully this volume in manuscript, and for giving me the benefit of his historical knowledge and literary criticism. I am indebted to Miss Wyman for her efficient work as my secretary, to Miss Wildman of the Boston Athenæum for intelligent aid, to Mrs. M. S. Beall for care in the copy of material in the government archives at Washington, and to my son, Daniel P. Rhodes, for a valuable literary revision of this volume.

INDEX TO VOL. IV.

Barbara Frietchie, the story of, 140.
Big Black River bridge, battle of, 309.
Blair, Francis P., Jr., charges made

against Chase by, 476.

Blair, Montgomery, resignation of,
requested by Lincoln, 529; patriot-
ism of, 529.

Bonds, plan of Chase for offering to
popular subscription, 242; issue
of, a success, 243; Jay Cooke &
Co. and the five-twenty, 476 n.
Bounties and bounty-jumping, 430,
431.
Bragg, advance of, on Louisville,
142; invasion of Kentucky by,
174; reaches Glasgow, Ky., 176;
places himself between Buell and
Louisville, 176; abandons his posi-
tion, 177; issues a proclamation to
the inhabitants of Kentucky, 177,
178; disappointment of, at the fail-
ure of his Kentucky campaign,
178; encounters Buell at Perry.
ville, 179; retires from Kentucky,
180; attacks Rosecrans at Stone's
River, 219; retreat of, 219; ma-
nœuvred out of middle Tennessee
by Rosecrans, 396; invests Chat-
tanooga, 399; his corps command-
ers lack confidence in, 403.
Bright, John, on the possibility of
intervention by England, 347 n.;
on the Emancipation Proclamation,
349 n., speech of, at meeting of
London laborers, 353; on selling
munitions of war to the South,
391, 392 n.; on English feeling,
393, 394 n.
Brough, John, nominated for Gov-
ernor of Ohio, 413; elected, 415.
Buell, beginning of the campaign of,
in East Tennessee, 173; complaints
of the slowness of, 174; courtesy,
dignity, and ability of, 174; dis-
appointment at the inactivity of,
174, 175; pursues Bragg, 176; ar-
rival of, at Louisville, 178; removal
of, ordered, 178; order for the re-
moval of, suspended, 179; pursues
the Confederate army, 179; en-
counters Bragg at Perryville, 179;
drives Bragg from Kentucky, 180;
Halleck telegraphs congratulations
to, 180, 181; the capture of East
Tennessee urged upon, by Halleck,
181; reply of, to President's de-

spatch unsatisfactory, 182; opposi-
tion of Governor Morton to, 182;
removed, 183.

Bull Run, the battle of, 2; the second
battle of, 129-131; rout after,
130; Pope's report on, 131.
Burnside, command of the Army of
the Potomac declined by, 103;
command again declined by, 137;
appointed to command of the Army
of the Potomac, 188; accepts com-
mand with reluctance, 192; plan
of, to advance by way of Fred-
ericksburg, 193; misunderstanding
between Halleck and Meigs and,
193; arrives opposite Fredericks-
burg, 194; impetuosity of, 194; on
the eve of Fredericksburg, 194;
tactics of, at Fredericksburg, 194–
197; grief of, at losses at Fred-
ericksburg, 197; assumes full re-
sponsibility, 199; Meigs to, after
Fredericksburg, 200; intention of,
to attack again, 201; confers with
the Washington authorities, 201;
still resolved to cross the Rappa-
hannock, 201; movement of, pre-
vented by storm, 202; relieved
from command, 202; in command
of the Department of the Ohio,
246; General Order No. 38 of,
246, 247; orders the arrest of Val-
landigham, 247; issues order at-
tacking the freedom of the press,
253; orders the suppression of the
Chicago Times, 253; Knoxville oc-
cupied by, 396.

Business activity in the North, early
in 1863, 266, 267 and n.
Butler, B. F.. order of, regarding
women of New Orleans, 92 n.;
City Point and Bermuda Hundred
occupied by, 445; inactivity of,
445; delay of, in moving on Peters-
burg, 489; strange influence of,
over Grant, in connection with his
proposed removal, 493–496.

CABINET, caucus of Republican Sen-
ators declares against, 204; meets
Call for 300,000 volunteers, October
committee of caucus, 205.

17, 1863, 417; for 500.000 volun-
Carlyle, lack of sympathy of, for the
teers, July 18, 1864, 506.
North, 361.