reigners, and may have committed no particular | so. The crew of the Creola said they were going offence against the United States. The only ques- to continue the cruise. They did go on a cruise. tion is, has the legislature enacted such a law? do They went off St. Domingo, where they did but the words of the act authorise the courts of the little; but off cape Antonio, in the island of Cuba, union to inflict its penalties on persons who are they met with several vessels. (Q. What colors not citizens of the United States, nor sailing under did you assume? A. No particular ones; sometimes their flag nor offending particularly against them?"one flag, sometimes another; flags of different naThe court finally came to the decision, that "the tions. Q. Who appointed the officers, and how? crime of robbery, committed by a person on the A. They were appointed by the crew of the Creola, high seas, on board of any ship or vessel belonging (but witness could not tell particularly the manner exclusively to subjects of a foreign state, on per- of their appointment.) They brought too a Spasons within a vessel belonging also exclusively to nish vessel, off cape Antonio, from whom they took subjects of a foreign state, is not a piracy within the $2300. During all the time of the cruise he was true intent and meaning of the act, "for the pu-on board of the Irresistible; towards the last of it, nishment of certain crimes against the U. States, and is not punishable in the courts of the United States."

he was made master's mate; before which time he had been before the mast. Q. Did you board a num. ber of vessels? A. We did. Q. Were they also plunTo supply this omission, a new provision was dered? A. Some of them were. Q. What became deemed to be necessary: and it is understood that of the money found in the Spanish vessel? A. It with this intention the last congress adopted the was shared among all hands. Q. Did you come in5th section of the "act to protect the commerce of to the waters of the United States? into the Chesathe United States, and punish the crime of piracy" peake bay? A. We did. Q. What became of the -passed on the 3d of March, 1819. The 5th sec-vessel? A. Commodore Daniels sent down and tion is in these words: took possession of her. Witness said the crew "And be it further enacted, That if any person or had abandoned and dispersed. (One of the jurypersons whatsoever shall, on the high seas, commitmen.) Was it from apprehension? A. I cannot the crime of piracy, as defined by the law of nations, tell that. Being asked to specify the different and such offender or offenders shall afterwards be flags under which they had sailed, he mentioned brought into, or found in, the United States, every the Spanish, Buenos Ayrean, and English. The such offender or offenders shall, upon conviction Buenos Ayrean flag was flying when she took the thereof, before the circuit court of the United Spanish vessel. States for the district into which he or they may be brought, or in which he or they shall be found, be punished with death."

The case of the Irresistible, which came before a special term of the federal court for this district, is perhaps the first case which has been argued under the act of 1819. The reader will perceive, from the following hasty sketch of the proceedings, that a point of some importance has also grown out of the new act of congress.

On cross examination, Stanly said, that he had sailed in the Irresistible about 6 or 7 months before she was taken by the crew of the Creola; that she had sailed from Baltimore, to make prizes under a commission from gen. Artigas. (Q. Did you not take vessels under the flag of Buenos Ayres? A. No. Q. Did you not conceive you had a right to take them? A. No. We could have taken them many a time, Q. Would you not have taken the Creola, if found out of port? A. No. Q. Were you On Monday the hall of the house of delegates not apprized of there being a war between Buenos was filled by a large concourse of spectators. The Ayres and general Artigas? A. I was: We had it in court was opened; the chief justice on the bench.- our power to take Buenos Ayrean privateers from Mr. Stanard, the U. States attorney, appeared on Baltimore, but we did not attempt it. Q. While in the part of the U. States; Messrs. A. Stevenson and the Irresistible, what prizes did you make? A. A W. Wickham, on the part of the prisoners; Messrs.ship and schooner belonging to the Portuguese.) Gilmer and Bouldin, the two other counsel whom Being interrogated further he stated, that when the the court had added to the defence, being prevent-Irresistible was taken at Margaritta, he was in her ed from attending, the first from indisposition, the asleep, and so were her crew; that 50 or 60 of the last by absence. crew of the Creola had boarded her. (Q. Do you

The prisoners (21 in number) had been variously know Poole? A. Yes. Q. Did you see him that charged in three different indictments; one, (un-night? A. No; not till the morning. They drove der the act of 1819,) was for robbing a Spanish us below, and we had no chance of seeing till mornvessel; another, under the same act, for robbing a ling.) He stated that the Irresistible was the strong. Dutch vessel; the third, under the act of 1790, forest vessel; she mounted 16 guns; the crew of the Crerobbing an American vessel. ola had boarded her with two boats. (Q. Had you

Samuel Poole was first put to the bar, under the no sentinel? A. Yes: but all were gone asleep. Q. first indictment, charged with having piratically How do you know then you were boarded with and feloniously set upon, boarded, broke and en-boats? A. I heard the capt. say so, as well as several tered "a certain Spanish vessel or brig belonging of the people. Q. How many were there in the to certain persons, whose names are, as well as is crew of the Irresistible? A. About 25 or 30. Q. that of the brig, unknown," and robbed her of Spa-Was the prisoner very active? A. He was. Q. nish milled dollars,

The prisoner being arraigned and the jury impannelled, seven witnesses were sworn in.

Who seemed the leader among them at that time? A. Ferguson, who was afterwards appointed capt. Q. Did you observe Black? A. He was 1st lieut. at Samuel Stanly (a youth of 18,) gave a clear and first, but they broke him.) Being further questionparticular statement of the transaction. He stated ed, in a desultory way, he stated that some of the that he had belonged to the armed vessel the Irre-old crew of the Irresistible were not willing to join? sistible; that while she was lying in the port of Mar- that when told they might go ashore, it was too late, garitta, about a mile from shore, about 1 o'clock being as much as fifty miles from land; that in the in the morning, she was cut out by the crew of the course of the cruise, they spoke about 30 or 40 privateer Creola. Such of the crew of the Irresis-vessels, English, French, American, Dutch, Danes; úible as wished to go ashore, were permitted to do that they boarded an American vessel bound to St.

Jago, searched her trunks and took jewelry from guese property? A. Yes; but if we saw any specie, them. (Q. When you boarded vessels, did you hear it was ours. Q. Had you orders to take money an order to take Spanish or Portuguese property, wherever found? A. Yes-He stated that he was but no others? A. No. Q, But in boarding the Ameri-arrested in Baltimore, and was told he should get can vessel, were orders given to respect American a dollar and a quarter a day while attending as a property? A. Yes.) Upon being interrogated parti- witness. cularly, how he came to call the vessel they took, at John Donald-was one of the crew of the Creola; Spanish vessel, he said she had a Spanish flag and shipped at Baltimore under the Buenos Ayrean Spanish crew. (Q. Did you go on board of her? flag, for a ninety days' cruise; at Margaritta the A. No; but they brought the crew on board of us to vessel was sold; and they had none to return home search their vessel. She was bound from Campea-in; and were told that the governor of Margaritta chy to Havana, She had four or five in her crew, meant to press them. Captain Daniels had told besides officers and passengers; was a very small some of the crew, whom he wished to enlist with vessel. Her captain told our captain in French he him in the service of Venezuela, to which he had was a Spaniard, The witness being interrogated, become attached, that if they did not join him, be said he did not himself understand French or Spa- would have them put into the fort, and fed on bread nish, Soon after he got to Baltimore, the witness and water. Donald said, when he was asleep below, said he was put in jail, and promises were held out one of the crew of the Creola (who rose upon the ves. to him that he should not be punished, if he gave sel) came down to his birth, and threatened to blow evidence in the case; that he was taken in the ves-out his brains if he did not join them in going against sel in the Patuxent by the Revenue Cutter. His the Irresistible. They went in two boats, and seized share of the money from the prize was $29; as to the latter vessel; secured the men and hoisted sail, the jewelry, it was set up and sold in the vessel, The officers of the Creola were confined during and the proceeds shared out, of which he received the mutiny. Ferguson and Black were the leaders. $7 more. They had also plundered a Dutch ves- Ferguson was proposed on the quarter deck of the sel, from whom they had taken some hampers of Irresistible as captain--no one objected, and he was gin-also one of l'etion's schooners, from whom appointed officer. They had boarded a Spanish they took clothes, money, watches, &c. which plun-vessel, with logwood on board, and took from her, der was divided among the crew. Being asked by ajtryman, if they were to take Spanish and Portuguese property only, why they robbed the American, he replied that they robbed the passengers only of jewelry, but did not rob the vessel. Q. Was the jewelry Spanish or American property? A. I do not know. Q. Why did you take gin from the Dutch vessel? Was that a Spanish vessel? A. No, but because we wanted it.

(as he understood) §5700 in specie. They boarded several vessels under the Buenos Ayrean dag; came across one of Petion's vessels, sent a boat aboard of her, took out jewelry, [there were several articles of it on the table of the court]--understood that this vessel was a pirate and had no papers. They paid for the water taken from the American vessel; but does not know whether they paid for onions taken from the Dutchman. (Q. You never thought

vessels you saw?-A. No; we would not have disturbed the vessel)-Being cross-examined, said there were orders to respect American property, and only to take spanish and Portuguese.

Samuel Beaver-was one of the crew of the Irre-of putting a prizemaster on board of any of the sistible when she was seized at Margaritta, in the month of March last; when taken, the boarding crew loosed her sails, and stood out to sea; hove to at daylight, and sent those ashore who chose to go -they said at first she was coming home to Balti- John McFadden-was 1st lieutenant on board of more; but they went a-cruising; she carried the the Creola, when she was seized; gave the particu Margaritta flag generally; but when boarding ves-lars of that transaction: on the 24th of March the sels, they used different flags they boarded 8 or mutiny took place; they seized all the small arms; 10, Dutch, French, American, 2 Spaniards; one a threatened to blow out the brains of the officer on Spanish brig, oft Cape Antonio; took from her $2300. From the American vessel (the Superior,) they took a cask of water and jewelry, The money they took was shared among the crew; they sold the jewelry and divided out the money. When they arrived in the Chesapeake bay, the crew was called together, and divided; those who were for going out again went to one part of the vessel, the rest to another; the strongest party was for coming in, and the vessel was brought into the Patuxent. Q. Had you orders to respect particular vessels? A. No; we boarded one and all. We were prepared to take specie wherever we could find it. Q. What was the station of the prisoner in the Irresistible? A. He was captain of forevop, and master's mate.

deck-McF, was below; when he went on deck, he found fifty men armed; tried to pacify and quelt them; they said that they were not going to take our brig, but captain Daniels', ours not sailing fast enough; he thought at one moment he should have quelled the mutiny, but Black told them, they would be strung on the beach and hung like dogs, they then sung out, was we have begun, let us go through with it:" they took all the arms from the Creola; they said all might stay who chose; they wish ed none but volunteers; only four or five remained behind; capt. Daniels' other vessel tried to pursue the Irresistible next morning, then in sight (about twenty miles off) from the mast head.

Being further interrogated, said the Creola had Cross-examined-he stated, that eighteen of the a commission from Buenos Ayres; she was regularly crew of the Irresistible were set ashore at Marga-commissioned; the crew shipped at Baltimore; cruise ritta; that he did not try to get ashore, because he was finished at Margaritta. They did not think did not wish to be drowned; the boat being leaky, themselves authorised to take a vessel under the and full of men and clothes; that he was below and Artigas flag; on the contrary, he had known the drunk when the vessel was taken; that capt. Fer-two flags cruise together—Mr, Stanard-Q. Docs guson had told them at first, he had a commission; not the commission expressly restrict you from but two days after, he told them that he had not; taking South American Spanish property? A. Yes; that after they found there was no commission, it is against the property of the subjects of the king then they determined to board every thing, Q. of Spain.

When you went on board of a vessel, were you Henry Child-had been the first officer of the Ir not told to take nothing but Spanish or Portu-resistible-was below when the Creola crew ezinf

on board; he attempted to go up with a cutlass, but their oaths, that piracy had been defined by the law was taken and confined; they told him, as soon as of nations. Why did not congress do their duty, in things were arranged, they would give him the the exercise of their constitutional powers, and boat, and let him go ashore. Word was passed make a rule which might be understood by the jufore and aft for every one who wished to leave the diciary of the country? If they had failed in doing vess I to go in the boat: he and nineteen men left their duty, it was their own look out; but surely no it--the boat was in a leaky condition-much bag-jury would take upon themselves to say by their gage in it, but had any more been willing to go verdict the law had been defined when it was not; with him, the baggage would have been thrown or upon such vague, general expressions, take overboard. They overhauled his and capt Daniels' the life of a fellow citizen.-The counsel, by way of trunks, for the vessel's commission; but finding analogy, attempted to show that if congress had renone, Ferguson said he could easily make papers ferred to other cases as defined by the law of nafor himself. When the Irresistible first arrived tions, as territorial jurisdiction, the right of search, at Margaritta, the captain had taken all the papers &c. how discordant the writers, and how unsettled on shore, to deposite them atthe government house. the doctrines are upon these subjects. Men, too, Captain Paul-was the commander of the Creo-highly distinguished in this country had differed la-was asleep in the cabin when the alarm was upon the definition of piracy. The gentleman (who given; was suffered to go to the upper step of the presided in that court) had in another place (in congangway-was told they did not intend to injure gress) in the case of Jonathan Robbins, declared, his vessel, but to take possession of the Irresistible that not only an actual robbery, but cruising on the -after leaving his vessel, he had fired at them; high seas, without a commission, and with an inten: then went on board capt. D's other vessel, which to rob, was piracy.-Whereas, now, the U. States' chased them eight hours in vain. Capt. P. being asked the date of his commission, said the original had been sent to Buenos Ayres; but a copy he had of it bore date in Sept. 1815. It did not justify him in taking any but Spanish property.

Capt. Daniels-was the commander of the Irre sistible-after the alarm was given, he was ordered by the governor to pursue her, but to no purpose; her boat returned ashore with twenty officers and men. The Irresistible had been engaged by the governor to sail to Venezuela in two days.

The evidence being gone through, the court directed the jury to be kept together, and adjourned til next morning.

On Tuesday morning the argument commenced and we are sorry we cannot pursue it in detail. There were both eloquence and ingenuity displayed on the occasion-Mr. Stanard addressed the jury about an hour-on the part of the prisoner, Mr. Wickham spoke about half an hour, and Mr. Stevenson about an hour.-Mr. Stanard closed on the part of the U. States,

The counsel on the part of the United States laid down the law, and analysed the evidence--he called upon the jury, among other things, to lend their aid in putting down that system of brigandage, which was tarnishing the reputation of our country, and demoralizing our seamen. He cited the following passage from Bynkershoeck, to shew what was piracy as defined by the laws of nations:

"We call pi ates and plunderers those, who, without the authorization of any sovereign, commit depredations by sea or land," &c. &c.

The counsel on the other side, contended that the words of the act of congress were too vague and loose to authorise the jury to dip their hands in the blood of a fellow citizen; that piracy was a general term, not clearly nor sufficiently defined in the law of nations; that the great fathers of the church, to whom you would look for a definition, gave no satisfaction upon it. What says Grotius? Not one syllable. Pufendorf? Profoundly silent. What Barbeyrac? Domat? Rutherford? Montesquieu? Wolfius? Vattel? Not a solitary word, by way of definition: and the reason was, that it had been left to the municipal laws of different countries to define it, and therefore the law of nations had not. We have only the definition of one Dutchman, Bynkershoeck, and even with that, his commentator, Du Ponceau, had expressed his dis. satisfaction. And yet, the jury were to say upon]

attorney says actual robbery is necessary to consti tute the offence. Reference was also had to the constitution by which congress is to define piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and of fences against the law of nations, to show, that the former are distinguished from the latter, as if not ranked among the "offences against the law of nations."-The evidence was then analysed, and commented on-It was the testimony of accomplices (always suspicious) and here bro't from the duresse of a jail, taking its color from the hopes and fears of the witnesses. It was attempted to be proven that they had contradicted themselves, and each other-that there was no satisfactory evi dence of this being a Spanish vessel as charged in the indictment: That this act of congress was pas sed but ten days before they left Margaritta: they could not have known of it; and therefore it is as to them in the light of an ex post facto law, &c. &c. A particular and pathetic appeal was made in favor of Poole, who had served gallantly in the navy of his country during the late war.

Mr. Stanard replied to both gentlemen at considerable length. He denied the vagueness which was ascribed to the law of nations on the subject of piracy, and the other points touched upon. He supported the authority of Bynkershoeck. Vattel, B. I, ch. 19, had denounced "all villians who, by the quality and habitual frequency of their crimes, violate all public security, and declare themselves enemies of the human race. Thus pirates are brought to the gibbet by the first into whose hands they fall!" Blackstone, the Vade Mecum of all lawyers, says, "A pirate is an enemy of the human race." Even if writers on the law of nations had adopted different definitions of piracy, where was the definition of it that would not embrace the case of these men-whose lawless depredations came up to any definition of it which had ever been given? After developing this idea with great force, and ridiculing the pretension, that had been sug gested, that these men had the right, under the commission belonging to the Irresistible, to capture Spanish property, he returned to the analysis of the testimony; he showed why the testimony of accomplices should be received, otherwise the most atrocious offences might escape with: impunity. He concluded by a strong appeal to the jury in favor of the law-that the honor of our country required that the law should be put in force, against brigands who not only sallied from its waters, to collect plunder, but returned to them as the scene for its par

tition, and as a sanctuary where they expected to Phillips, James Thomas alias James West, Daniel escape the punishment of their crimes.

Charge of the court.

Livingston, Luke Jackson, Stepen Sydney, Peter Nelson, Isaac Sales, and Peter Johnson, were,in the The court then charged the jury in substance,that month of March, 1819, part of the crew of a private -the prisoner at the bar was indicted for cruising on armed vessel called the Creola (commissioned by the high seas without any commission, and boarding the government of Buenos Ayres, a colony then at and plundering a Spanish vessel or vessels belong-war with Spain,) lying in the port of Margaritta; ing to some power to the jurors unknown, and pi-that in the month of March, 1819, the said prisoners ratically taking out of such vessel a sum of money, and others of the crew mutined, confined their of which the crew divided among themselves. The ficers, left the vessel, and in the said port of Margaessential objects of enquiry were, whether the pri- ritta seized by violence a vessel called the Irresisti soner at the bar was engaged in such cruise without ble,a private armed vessel lying in that port,commis a commission, whether the robbery charged in the sioned by the government of Artigas, who was also indictment was committed by him and others so at war with Spain; that the said prisoners and cruising as aforesaid, and whether the fact amount- others having so possessed themselves of the said yesed to piracy under the act of congress. sel, the Irresistible, appointed their officers, proThe fact of cruising and plundering the Spanish | ceeded to sea on a cruise, without any documents vessel was proved by the testimony of accomplices, or commission whatever, and while on that cruise, and it was contended by the counsel for the prisoner that they were totally unworthy of credit.

in the month of April, 1819, on the high seas, committed the offence charged in the indictment, by the It is undoubtedly true that the testimony of ac- plunder and robbery of the Spanish vessel therein complices is to be heard with suspicion; and if their mentioned. If the plunder and robbery aforesaid testimony should be improbable or contradicted by be piracy under the act of the congress of the Unitcircumstances, or by other testimony, the jury ed States, entitled “an act to protect the commerce might justifiably discredit it: but if all the circum- of the United States and punish the crime of piracy" stances of the case, circumstances which could not-then we find the said prisoners, severally and rebe mistaken or misrepresented, corroborated the spectively, guilty; if the plunder and robbery above testimony of the accomplice, and in fact were merc-stated be not piracy under the act of congress, then ly connected by that testimony, it would be going we find them not guilty. too far to say that the facts supplied by the witness were to be disregarded because he was an accomplice. But in this case one of the witnesses Donald, had been acquitted by the grand jury, because he was forced on board the vessel, and his testimony concurred with that of the other witnesses in all that was material.

If the robbery was committed, their next enquiry would be, whether the vessel committing it, sailed under a lawful commission.

There was not only no testimony whatever of a commission, but all the facts given in evidence were totally incompatible with the idea of sailing under any authority whatever. The crew of one vessel had mutinied, seized another vessel, and proceeded on a cruise under officers elected by themselves.

JOHN G. GAMBLE, Foreman. The court then adjourned.

Wednesday-John Green was put to the bar under the 1st indictment. The defence set up for him was, that he had been forced to join the enterprize, and did not assent to the proceedings of the others. The defence failed, and the same special verdict given as in the case of the ten others.

Same defence and result in the case of Thomas Smith.

Henry Anry, alias Henry Andris, and John Fuller, were put to the bar-same defence, and same special verdict.

John Allen Stedman and John Waldon, were tried at once,under the 2d indictment for robbing a Dutch vessel. Neither of them belonged to the crews of The question whether the case came within the the Creola or Irresistible; but were part of the act of congress was one of more difficulty. It was crew of the Atlas, an American vessel, they spoke impossible that the act could apply to any case if at sea, bound from Teneriffe to New Orleans. They not to this. The case was undoubtedly piracy ac- joined the Irresistible. The defence set up, was cording to the understanding and practice of all na-that they were ignorant of the character of the res tions. It was a case in which all nations surrender-sel when they joined her. Verdict of acquittal. ed their subjects to the punishment which any go- (These men were not indicted for robbing the Spa vernment might inflict upon them, and one in which nish vessel which was posterior to their joining.) ail admitted the right of each to take and exercise Thomas Watson put to the bar under the 1st in jurisdiction. Yet the standard referred to by the dictment-he came out of a Danish barque or Dutch act of congress, as expressed in that act, must be ad- brig-no vessel proved to be robbed after he mitted, to be so vague as to allow of some doubt.joined them-Acquitted, The writers on the law of nations give us no defini- Francis Oglesby, charged under the first indicttion of the crime of piracy. Under the doubts aris-ment, was one of the Irresistible—the defence was, ing from this circumstance, the court recommend-he could not safely leave her after she was cap ed it to the jury to find a special verdict which tured. A special verdict (with few variations) might submit the law to the more deliberate consi-similar to the rest. deration of the court.

The jury retired but for a few moments, and brought in a special verdict, similar to the one which we have given in full, below.

The court adjourned.

Last class of cases.

Yesterday, the court proceeded to try William Chappels, charged under the third indictment with A jury was then impannelled, and the case of ten robbing an American vessel (the Superior, of Baltiothers of the crew (charged in the same indict- more.) This indictment, as will appear from the ment) was, with their consent, submitted at once to former elucidations, rests not upon the act of 1819, trial; the evidence gone through, and the jury re-but of 1790. The first relates to foreign vessels, turned the following special verdict: the last, by the decision of the supreme court, to our own.

We, of the jury, find that the prisoners, Baily Dufey, Wm. Chappels alias Wm. Chappel, Daniel

Mr. Starrard on behalf of the United States-On

that of the prisoner Mr. W. Wickham and Mr. James Riddle, who, at the request of the court, assisted in the defence.

Black, a witness on the part of the prosecution,

and who had been first lieutenant on board the Irresistible, stated that the captain of the Superior came on board the privateer, the captain of which (Ferguson) knew him to be an American captain (an acquaintance of F's at Baltimore); that the American captain told F. he had Spanish passengers and property on board his schooner; and that F. then gave instructions to his boarding crew, to respect the American proper y, but to bring with them all the valuables they could find on board belonging to the Spanish passengers-Black stated that he was told by F. that this captain was an American captain; and says that he himself saw the American register.

Russian Finance Report.

St. Petersburg, April 9, 1819. Report of M. de Gourieff, first minister of finance of his imperial majesty, the emperor of Russia, pronounced in the council of public credit, at the opening of its annual session, by virtue of the imperial manifesto of the 7th May, 1817.

Gentlemen-The duties with which you have been charged by the law of the 7th May, 1817, call you now, for the second time, to this assembly. At the commencement of the last war, you saw the first operations of the committee of the sinking fund, and witnessed the favorable impression it made on public opinion, the best pledge of their

success.

The heads of the several bank establishments, will render a detailed account of their proceedings The counsel for the prisoner asked if he knew which will shew you the advance of their credit, and I will confine myself to lay before you the gcthe register to be a genuine one-to which he re-neral view of the steps that have been taken, and of plied he did not. their results.

And first, of the commission of the sinking fund. The sole purpose of this commission is to mainto the debts of the empire, however contracted.

This bureau has, in the last year, received sixty millions (three millions sterling from the imperial treasury) for particular destinations.

They then moved the court to instruct the jury, 1st, that to prove her to be an American vessel, it was necessary that her register, or an authentica-tain the credit of the state, by a careful attention ted copy of it, should be produced in court; 2dly, that the capture of Spanish property in an American vessel, was not piracy under the act of congress. The chief justice observed, he had little doubt such a capture was an act of piracy in the eye of the law, and as to the other point, he should sus-dated, in great part, by the year 1823, that due to Many engagements of short terms will be liquipend his opinion. But, if the jury should be in- Holland not included; the funds employed for these clined to think, that the Superior was an American payments, will then be applicable to increase those vessel, he recommended it to them to bring in a special verdict, reserving the question whether she appropriated to the extinction of the excess of our could be proved to be American property without assignats, or state paper money. [Here follow some details of loans and payments.] the production of her register, or a copy under seal -And that they might also reserve the point as to the Spanish property found on board of her.

The jury retired, and brought in a verdict of not guilty.

The U. States' attorney then stated to the court, that he had no further business for a jury, and they were accordingly discharged-the witnesses recognized to appear at the next term of the court

in November next.

In the report of the commission, you will find the exact amount of all the debts of the state, both for short terms, and on perpetual annuities.

The second and most important portion of the regulation. public debt, is equally attended to for its order and

The assignats were at first a bank paper credit; they became afterwards a paper money of the state, and by their gradual depreciation (through The other cases under the 3d indictment will lation, and endangered, at some time, both the puban issue to great excess,) they embarrassed circulie over until the prosecution can obtain the regis-lic fortune and individual property. They are, ter, and other evidence, as to the fact of American ownership.

The point growing out of the act of congress of 1819, and reserved in the several special verdicts, will probably be adjourned to the supreme court at Washington,

In the case of Thomas Watson, a nole pros has been entered up by the attorney. The other prisoners will probably remain in jail until the winter, to await their fate.

We have taken some little pains to report these cases to the public. The scenes of outrages on the high seas which they develope, belong to the history of the times. Such scenes ought to be understood. To repress them, should be the wish of every American, who values his country, her character and her laws. We owe it to the civilized world to arrest such lawless outrages, perpetrated by vessels and by crews who have their equipment and their sanctuary in our own ports. If the law be so weak that pirates can escape through its meshes, let us strengthen it. Let congress do their duty, and not leave it to judges and juries to do it for them. If the law then be undefined in its provisions, let them give clearer and more practical definitions, Enquirer.

however at this time, converting, through our loans, into funded stock, or capitals bearing interest.

has left to every one the perfect liberty to avail In taking this important step, the government himself of the advantages which it offers; no one suffers any constraint, for the free disposition of ali prvate property, and its inviolability, are the first se curities of all credit.

The loan of 1817 was a happy experiment only, The novelty of the measure did not admit the capitalists, who are always wary and circumspect, to enter into it so extensively as was necessary; it nevertheless contributed, together with a large exportstion of our products at a high value, to draw into the empire a large portion of the precious metals, which assisted the improvement the government had in view; although, at the moment, there suddenly appeared, through some peculiar circumstance, a larger demand for metallic money in the interior than the circulation of commerce could supply. Government then determined on a second loan, in June last, fixed at 85 for a six per cent annuity, instead of 82 1-2, the rate of the preceding year. In November 47 millions had been inscribed; when at this time, circumstances foreign to our affairs, checked the means and inclination of foreign capitalists to make further investments. Many,