(or two individuals in particular cases) cannot, decisively required, that any complaints which agree upon a certain point (each one conceiving there might be against the Indians, should be laid they have reason and justice on their side) but before his majesty's government, or before his to submit the question to the impartial judgment minister near this republic, previous to the adoption and decision of a third party, chosen to their mutual of violent measures, as it was scarcely possible that satisfaction? Spain, convinced that this mode was those excesses could be restrained by his majesty, the fairest and most expeditious, was anxious to so long as he remained ignorant of them and was adopt it, with all the sincerity and good faith only informed of the complaints of the continual which have characterized her; and in the event of vexations exercised towards the miserable Indians its not being adopted, through the unalterable by the citizens of this union. opposition of your government, there can be no I refrain from attempting any refutation of your room for apprehension or regret, as to the opinion remarks on the admission by the Spanish governor which will be formed by the impartial world on of Florida, of the two English traders into that this point. province, without orders from his catholic maIn reference to what you state respecting the jesty's government, or without notifying general transmission, by order of the president, to the Jackson thereof. It is evident, that if he admitted minister of the United States at Madrid, of all them by order of the king's government, he was the evidence and documents relative to the con-under no obligation to notify the American geneduct of the governor of Pensacola, and the com-ral of it; and if he admitted them without the mandant of St. Marks, with instructions to lay necessary order, he was solely responsible to his them before his catholic majesty's government; sovereign for his conduct. The unquestionable and the demand, in consequence of the nature of fact is that general Jackson, at the head of his ar the facts therein exhibited, of the condign punish-my, fell upon Florida as a haughty invader and ment of those officers, I abstain from offering fur-conqueror, regardless of the laws of humanity, and ther proofs in addition to those I have already the feelings of nature, and put to a cruel death two presented, of the good conduct, honorable pro- foreigners, who there enjoyed the protection of ceeding, and strict discharge of duty, on the part Spain, and an asylum which has ever been held of those individuals, acting under the authority, sacred by all civilized nations; thereby offering an of the king my master, and in conformity with the unexampled insult to the sovereignty and indeexisting treaty between the two nations, as the pendence of Spain; trampling under foot the most opportunity will be afforded of examining and solemn compacts, founded on the laws of nations; comparing at Madrid the evidence adduced by Mr. and contemptuously driving from that province the Erving, with that which my government has re- Spanish commandar.ts and troups in garrison there. ceived, or may receive, from the authorities whose Your further remarks on the restrictive system duty it is to transmit it. If, upon such examination of the Spanish government, are not strictly conand comparison, it should appear that the governor formable to the fact; since you cannot be ignorant of West Florida, and his officers, have conducted that the explorators, travellers, and even Ameri themselves improperly, I am confident that due can officers, with troops, have, at different periods, punishment will be inflicted on them; and if, on the traversed the provinces and territories of the crown other hand, the American generals and officers, of Spain in that part of America; and that only should be found to have acted in an unjustifiable such persons have been arrested, as have been manner the United States cannot hesitate to pro- found violating the laws of the country, or aiding, ceed against them, nor to indemnify Spain for the with arms in their hands, banditti and rebels, for losses and injuries sustained in consequence of the the purpose of subverting good order and public aggression complained of. tranquility. With respect to the conduct of general Jack- Before I conclude this note, I have to state, that son in the invasion of Florida, and the excesses if the project of the definitive adjustment of all committed there in violation of the sovereignty the differences pending between the two governand dignity of a friendly power, as they are pub-ments, which I presented to you on the part of mine, lic and notorious, and sufficiently reprobate by also included the claims for American captures public opinion; and as they are identified with the made by the French on the coasts of Spain, or subject which has just been referred to, I likewise carried by them into Spanish ports and there abstain from answering the arguments by which condemned in the first instance by Spain, with a you have endeavored to justify that officer, in the view to terminate once for all these unpleasant note I have the honor to reply to. Whatever may disputes, and by this additional proof of her conbe the causes which, in the view of your govern-descension and generous friendship for the United ment, justified the war against the Seminoles, you States, to conciliate a correspondent proceeding cannot fail to admit how improbable it is, that those on the part of your government, from a respect to miserable Indians, feeble and wholly destitute as national law, and the solemn principles of justice they are, could have provoked it. In the letter of and equity, as it regards Spain; but this sacrifice, the chief Boleck, to the governor of St. Augustine, as well as that offered by me on the subject of of 20th December, 1816, a copy of which I had the boundaries, and cession of the Floridas, ceased to honor to trans:nit you on the 27th of March last, you have any effect or force from the moment your go. must have remarked, that he speaks of assassina-vernment refused to admit the said project; and tions, carrying off men and cattle, usurpations of consequently, his catholic majesty relinquishes to his territory, and even forging of treaties for the the United States all the rights they may have to cession of lands, signed or marked by the names claim of France for the said prizes condemned of persons unknown to the chiefs of the Creek by her consuls and tribunale. Whilst that nation nations; who, he adds, are alone authorised to trans- exists, no recourse can in equity be had on Spain, fer the general property; of all which he accuses for indemnity for those spoliations. The recourse the Americans, Besides, the friendship and good on Spain can, in no wise, be considered but as understanding existing between the two nations, secondary. France being the aggressor, comes and the treaty itself, on the authority of which under the obligation as a principal. It was she the measures of general Jackson are supported, who derived the benefit of those prizes, and on her devolves the responsibility for their amount; and dumb at Paris, a gentleman distinguished for and Spain has only become accountable in this con- talents, benevolence, and devotion to the interests, cern as the security or caution of France. In con- of these unfortunate persons. The Abbe assured formity with this principle, an opinion has been him, that if he would go to Paris, every facility given by three of the most eminent advocates of should be afforded him of acquiring a knowledge this country, who were consulted on the subject of their modes of instruction; which assurances he It is also in strict conformity with the principles found fully realized upon going there. The Abbe of natural law, and the venerable canons of com- kindly took him into the school, and explained to mon justice. It is in vain that reference is had to him every thing relating to their modes of instructhe letter of the exising treaty, to suppose and tion and management; but Mr. Gallandet found insist on the contrary. That treaty can never rethat the time which his arrangements would permit ceive an interpretation contradictory of those prin-him to spend in Paris, would be much too short to ciples, and the dictates of buman reason. enable him to acquire the knowledge necessary The obligation of Spain cannot extend farther for an accomplished intructor, and having become than to claiming of France, in behalf of the United acquainted with Laurent Clerc, a pupil of the States, and employing her best endeavors to ob- Abbe, and for eight years an assistant instructor, tain for them a settlement and satisfaction from he engaged him to come to this country as an inthat nation; which, however, is to be understood structor in the school about to be established in only in case the United States have not already Connecticut. They arrived here in August, 1816, been indemnified by France, as has been repeat- and Mr. Clerc is still an assistant to Mr. Gallaudet, edly declared by the French government, or may in the Connecticut Asylum. The legislature of have adjusted or abandoned that right by the treaty Connecticut, in May, 1816, incorporated the said of 1800, and in subsequent conventions, as I have seen associates, by their aforesaid name. There are at it stated in several public writings in this country. present in the school more than fifty pupils, from Until I receive fresh orders, it is my duty to the states of New-Hampshire, Massachusetts, Verinsist on the adoption of such measures by your mont, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, Penngovernment, as will promptly and effectually put sylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and Kentucky, who a stop to the piracies which, for a series of years, are taught by five instructors, and who pay two have been carried on in various ports of this union hundred dollars per annum each, for tuition, board, against the commerce of Spain. This system of washing, and lodging. The institution is open for plunder has been carried to a height unexampled the reception of pupils from every part of the union; in history; and the clamors of the reflecting part but its funds, which have arisen almost entirely of the people of the United States denounce to the whole world as a public calamity. As to the exchange of the ratifications of the convention of 1802, I am ready to proceed to execute it with you, whenever you will be pleased to name a time for that purpose. In the meanwhile, I renew to you the assurance of my distinguished consideration, and I pray God to preserve you many years! (Signed) LUIS DE ONIS. Washington, 12th December, 1818. from voluntary contribution, are too small to admit of its becoming extensively useful: they are not suf ficient, even to erect the buildings necessary for the accommodation of the present number of pupils, Considering that this institution is calculated, not only to afford instruction to the deaf and dumb, who are to be found in all parts of our country, but also to qualify teachers for other schools, which may be established in other parts of the union, and considering that it is the first attempt of the kind in the United States, and that it has been raised to its present condition, by the care, and at the expense of charitable individuals, most of whom had no particular interest in its success, the committee Report of the committee of the house of representatives are of opinion, that it is worthy of the patronage to which was referred the petition of the Connecticut of congress, and that the prayer of the petition Asylum for the education and instruction of deaf ought to be granted, and for that purpose they reand dumb persons.-Feb. 22, 1819, read and ordered port a bill. to lie upon the table. Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb. Bankrupt and Insolvent Laws. STATE OF NEW YORK-IN ASSEMBLY, JAN. 22, 1819. court. To the hon. the legislature of the state of New-York, An association of a number of citizens of the state of Connecticut was formed in the year 1815, for the purpose of establishing a school for the instruction of the deaf and dumb. Finding great numbers of this unfortunate description of persons in our country, without education, and without any attempts being made to give them the education which they are capable of receiving, and actuated by a benevolent desire to rescue them, as far as was practicable, from their state of ignorance and degradation, and to fit them for social intercourse and happiness, the associates, by voluntary contribution, raised a sum of money sufficient to defray the expense of sending the reverend Thomas H The insolvent act of this state, and its suppleGallaudet to Europe, for the purpose of learning mentary provisions, have been examined with care the modes of instruction practised there. Mr. and attention. It was one of the subjects on which Gallaudet went to England, to Scotland, and to they were requested to prepare and report "such France. In London, he did not find a disposition amendments as they might deem expedient." But, in the teachers to communicate instruction so after much reflection bestowed upon the system, readily, as the benevolence of his mission seemed they have not been able to suggest any essential to entitle him to expect; but he had the good amendments. fortune to meet there the Abbe Sicard, the princi- The first general insolvent act was passed in Pal of the institution for the instruction of the deaf 1781, and alterations and amendments have, from time to time, been made under the experience and and probably ever must be, from the very nature wisdom of the legislature, until the system has of it, productive of incalculable abuse, fraud, and attained nearly or quite as much consistency, provi-perjury, and greatly injurious to the public morals. sion, and improvement, as the nature of the sub Under the head of enquiry submitted to us relaject admits. By the act of 1813, every insolvent tive to provisions for "the better security of credidebtor is required to make application for relief tors against the frauds of debtors," we would rewithin the county in which he may be an inhabitant, spectfully submit, as the result of our reflections or be imprisoned, and the chancellor and judges and judgment, the propriety of repealing the insolhave consequently had little or no personal ex-vent act, with all its supplementary provisions and perience, for several years past, of the operation amendments. of the act. It appears to them not to be susceptible The next subject submitted to our consideraof any material alteration for the better. And, tion, relates to such legal provisions as we may judging from their former experience. and from think proper, relative to imprisonment for debt. public observation in the course of their judicial We have carefully examined the several providuties, they are of opinion, that the insolvent law sions already existing, for the relief of debtors, is the source of a great deal of fraud and perjury. with respect to the imprisonment of their persons, But they are apprehensive that the evil is incurable, and very little further improvement can be made and not within the reach of amendments to the act, upon this head, provided imprisonment for debt is since it arises principally from the infirmity inherent to be in any degree retained. And we should in every such system, and perhaps in many cases rather infer from the language of the resolution also from a want of sufficient vigilance and firmness under which we have considered the subject, that in the persons to whom the administration of this a total abolition of imprisonment for debt, was not branch of the law is committed. within the contemplation of the legislature, and it would be a measure which we could not recommend. If we had a suitable bankrupt law, applicable to unfortunate merchants and traders, there would be little necessity, and still less utility, in any gene The object of imprisonment is to coerce the ral and permanent insolvent law. It appears to be debtor to pay his debts by property within his a serious question in the federal courts, whether command, and which cannot be discovered or the establishment of bankrupt and insolvent laws reached by execution. Another useful object of does not belong exclusively to the government of imprisorment, is the check which it is calculated, the United States, under the authority given to it by its influence, to give to the artful or thoughtles to establish uniform laws on the subject of bank-creation of debt, without any means or disposition ruptcy. Perhaps the better opinion is, that the to pay. The frauds upon property which are daily state governments may exercise powers of that and almost incessantly committing in this way, are kind, in the absence of congressional regulations. equally immoral and distressing with the more We are at least of opinion, that state insolvent open or direct invasions of property by acts of a laws, when they do not infringe on another provision criminal nature. And, without such means of in the constitution, respecting the obligation of coercion as personal imprisonment, it would ap contracts, are constitutional and valid; and, if we pear to us, that persons who had no fixed residence, have the power, we should deem it inexpedient at or had no visible or tangible property, or whose present to attempt the establishment of any thing property was exempt from execution, or whose like a bankrupt system for this state. A bill on property consisted in money or bonds, notes, and that subject, has been reported to congress during the present session, and is now pending before them; and we cannot but indulge the hope, that congress will perceive the importance, and feel the necessity, of exercising on this point the powers entrusted to them by the constitution. public or corporate stock, or whose property lay out of this state, would be entirely lawless, with put any power in the creditor to obtain justice. Considering how very convenient or accommodat ing imprisonment has been rendered to the debtor, by means of the liberties of gaols, and considering There is no doubt that the commercial interests that persons who are not freeholders, and charged of this state stand greatly in need of a bankrupt with small debts, cannot in any case be imprisoned system, which would prevent the debtor, in failing above 30 or 60 days, and that every person charged circumstances, from disposing of his property in execution for debt, under $500, may immediately partially among his creditors, or from fraudulently thereafter-and, if for any sum above 500, may, af wasting it, or converting it to his own use. The ter the expiration of three calendar months, apply operation of such a system, if honestly and ably and be discharged from imprisonment, on the sur administered, would naturally inculcate a correct render of his property for the payment of his debts, sense of the obligation of contracts, and of the and considering further, that necessary bonschold duty of good faith. But a permanent insolvent act, furaiture, together with a necessary portion of made expressly for the relief of the debtor, and live stock and the produce thereof, is absolutely held up daily to his view and temptation, has a exempted from execution, we think we may safely powerful tendency to render him heedless in the say that there is as little ground for complaint creation of debt, and careless as to payment. It of the severity of our existing laws, in regard to induces him to place his hopes of relief rather in debtors, as in any state, or in any commercial coun contrivances for a discharge, than in increased and try upon earth. severe exertions to perform his duty. Our insolvent system of law is intended not merely for the discharge of the debtor from im prisonment, (for on that subject we have other and ample provision,) but its main object is to set him forever free from his debts. There is, perhaps, no other state in the union which holds out such an easy and tempting mode of procuring an absolute release to the debtor; and we are of opinion, that the system, in its operation, has been, and still is, It appears to us, as far as our observation and experience have extended, that imprisonment on execution for debt is not frequent unless the debt was contracted in the first instance under deceitful assurances, or unless the debtor has applied his property unfairly, or refused to give to his creditor any reasonable and satisfactory explanation. If the cases were carefully examined, we believe they would generally terminate in this result; for severity towards fair, but unfortunate creditors, is no part of the temper or disposition of the times. The will never extend beyond that chain. On such an security of debts, and confidence in contracts, have occasion as this, it would be idle to attempt a been so much weakened in public opinion, by the discussion of the theory of the prevailing winds operation of our insolvent law, that it would seem which take place in the two grand divisions of our to be the debtor, and not the creditor, who has at country; but we advance as an axiom that the clihis command the hopes and fears, the comfort or mate in one division can never much affect that in distress of the adverse party. And, we are entirely the other. of the opinion, that if it be once well known and Let us now look into some authorities, which generally understood, that those who contract establish, beyond a doubt, the changes that have debts must expect to pay them, or that they must taken place in the general temperature of Europe. be able to satisfy the creditor of their integrity and "It is an observation of L'Abbe da Bos," says Hume, genuine misfortune, or that they will have to submit in his Essay on the populousness of ancient nations, to the temporary restraints now imposed by law, "that Italy is warmer at present than it was in and that no other relief was to be afforded, it would ancient times.-The annals of Rome tell us," says have a most salutary effect upon the morals and he, "that in the year 480 AB, U. c. the winter was so habits of the community. severe that it destroyed the trees. The Tyber froze in Rome, and the ground was covered with snow for 40 days. When Juvenal (sat. vi.) describes a superstitious woman, he represents ber as breaking the ice of the Tyber that she might perform her ablutions: We do not, therefore, perceive that the law of im prisonment for debt, requires any material amendment; and if we were to suggest any alteration, it would be to exempt females altogether from imprisonment, in consideration of their sex. All which is respectfully submitted. Albany, Jan. 22, 1819. JAMES KENT, Change of Climate. From the Salem Register. A writer in the Newport Mercury, attempting to show that the general temperature of climate in a new country is softened by the advance of agriculture, and the labors of man, and that the operating cause which has changed the face, the temperature, and the products of Europe, is now performing its wonders in this country, proceeds as follows: Hybernum frac a glacie descendet in amnem, Ile speaks of that river's freezing as a common event. Many passages of Horace suppose the streets of Rome full of snow and ice. At present the Tyber no more freezes at Rome than the Nile at Cairo. The Romans esteem the winters very rigorous if the snow lie two days, and if one see for eight and forty hours a few icicles hang from a fountain that has a north exposure." "The observation of this ingenious critic," continues Hume, "may be extended to other European climates. Who could discover the mild climate of France in Diodorus Siculus's description of that of Gaul? (lib. iv.) 'as it is a northern climate,' says he, it is infested with cold to an extreme degree. In cloudy weather, instead of rain there fall great snows; and in clear weather it there freezes so excessive hard, that the rivers acquire bridges of As long as the rays of the sun fell on the uniform their own substance, over which, not only single surface of this vast country, which at the arrival of travellers may pass, but large armies accompanied our ancestors was covered with wood, the seasons with all their baggage and loaded waggons-Colder were also regular and uniform; the winters were than a gallic winter, is used by Petronius as a prolong; the snows began early, and were more abun- verbial expression. Aristotle says, that Gaul is dant; the north-west winds reigned, and the intense so cold a climate that an ass could not live in it cold was rarely interrupted by intervals of moderate-(de generat, anim. lib. 2.) present in the latitude of Tomi, whither Ovid was banished. All the complaints of the same poet seem to mark a rigor of the seasons, which is scarcely experienced at present in Petersburg or Stockholm !" weather. But when the lives had sent forth their North of the Cevenues, says Strabo, (lib. iv.) swarms into the interior country, and the axe had Gaul produces not figs and olives: and the vines resounded in the forest, we began to feel the which have been planted, bear not grapes that will fluctuations of a changing climate. The action, ripen. the power of the sun upon this extensive country, "Ovid positively maintains, with all the serious was increasing every day, and there was a pro-affirmation of prose, that the Euxine sea was frozen gressive alteration every year in the climate, keep-over every winter in his time, and he appeals to ing place with the advancement in agriculture. In Roman governors, whom he names, for the truth of our days, the effects produced within the last thirty his assertion. This seldom or never happens at years by the prodigious increase of population, are apparent to every observer whose recollection extends to that period. Although there is now unquestionably less continuity of cold than there was formerly, yet we cannot expect to enjoy a regular temperature until the greatest part of the land on this side of the mountains be cleared; for if the quantity of forest and of cultivated land be nearly equal, there will result from that state of the country a fluctuation in the seasons, which can be corrected only by presenting to the rays of the sun a Saserna, quoted by Colomella, (lib. i. cap 1.) more uniform surface. In limiting these opera- affirmed, (and it is of Laly of which he speaks tions of art and of nature to the space enclosed "that the disposition of the heavens was altered between the mountains and the Atlantic ocean, we before his time, and that the air had become much consider as an incontestible point, that we receive milder and warmer: as appears bence," says he, none of our north-westerly winds from any part of "that many places now abound with vineyards and the continent beyond the chain of mountains, and olive plantations, which formerly, by reason of the that the south and easterly winds from the ocean rigor of the climate, could raise none of these Polibius (lib. iv. cap. 21) says, "that the climate in Arcadia was very cold and the air mois." "The northern parts of Spain," according to Strabo (lib. 3) "are but ill inhabited because of the great cold." productions."'Such a change, if real,' remarks, Hume, 'will be allowed an evident sign of a better cultivation and peopling of countries before the age of Saserna, and if it be continued to the present time, is a proof, that these advantages have been continually increasing throught this part of the world. Melish's large do. 230 miles. Do. small do. 190 miles. Skelton and Kensett's United States, 240 miles. It will be seen by this, how little accordance there exists between the various maps on the sub. Allowing, therefore,' continues Hume, this re-ject of the true relative position of the Mississippi mark to be just, that Europe is become warmer river and Lake Michigan. The mere distance is than formerly, how can we account for it! Plainly now fixed, but as neither the river or lake are refera by no other method than by supposing, that the ble to any established point, no practical result can land is much better cultivated, and that the woods be drawn from the admeasurement, as it respects are cleared, which formerly threw a shade upon the the form of the state of Illinois. Another very comearth, and kept the rays of the sun from penetrating mon error has deceived the writer of the article we it. Our northern colonies in America become more are examining, that is the false range given to lake temperate in proportion as the woods are felled." Michigan in almost all maps extant on which that It would be easy for us to multiply quotations, lake is marked. The lake is commonly made to but we consider those which we have adduced lie nearly north and south; when in fact its real sufficient to establish the fact, that the tempera- position is at least 20 degrees more S. W. and N. E. ture of a considerable part of Europe has been so This lake is about 260 miles long: of course an er much improved by the industry of man, that the ror of 20 degrees in its range would displace it olive, the fig, and the vine, now cover a great nearly 90 miles. This is the true cause why the reextent of country from which they were formerly lative distance in question was found so much less excluded by the severity of the cold. Yet the than was commonly marked. I laid down my map, greatest part of Italy, Rome itself, and the whole of published in the Emigrant's guide, from such docuthe Gauls, are to the North of the state of Rhode ments as I could then procure; of course it is erroIsland. Such a prospect as this ought then to neous respecting Michigan. It was from recent instimulate our farmers throughout the country, to formation, received on my last tour, that I was enabclear, and especially drain their lands. Evaporation led to appproach so near the reality in the small secbeing a principal source of cold, by the reason tional map published with the account of that tour that the conversion of water into vapor causes the Leaving, however, the south point of lake Miabsorption of much calorick; it follows that when chigan wherever it may be, its position can in no by the advancement of cultivation, the superfluous ways produce any effect upon Illinois, unless the waters which were spread over considerable tracts Mississippi river is so egregiously wrong placed, as of country, and which were principally carried off to be nearly 100 miles more easterly than the maps by evaporation, are conveyed away by drains and canals, the calorick which is then communicated by the sun's rays in greater abundance to the earth, is reserved to warm and meliorate the climate. have represented. From the much more intimate knowledge we have of the Mississippi than of lake Michigan, the presumption is in favor of the former being more correctly delineated than the latter. We see then, by the total change of the incle- The state of Illinois covers all the territory lying ment temperature of the south of Europe, which south of 42 30 N. latitute, east of the Mississippi, formerly could not give maturity even to the grape, north of the Ohio, and west of Indiana; consequent but which now produces abundantly the fig and the ly, let lake Michigan range as it may, the form and olive, and in some places is sufficiently softened to extent of Illinois must remain nearly as it is repreto mature the orange, that a benign Providence sented on our maps. The probability is, that the has given to man for his comfort and happiness, a N. E. corner of Illinois, and the N. W. of Indians power over the climate in which he lives.-It would will be in lake Michigan; and that, in place of Illtherefore be impious not to believe, that the same nois being contracted by the correct projection of means will be attended with the same effects in the lake, the territory of Michigan will be found this magnificent country, which at least equals the much more extensive than it has been considered. eastern continent in fertility, and far surpasses it in If the south end of Michigan lake is from 50 to 100 the grandeur and beauty of its scenery. miles more to the west than it was formerly thought to be, then will a triangle be included in the territory, whose base must be the length of the lake, Lake Michigan and the Mississippi. and whose perpendicular will be the difference be FROM THE NEW YORK COLUMBIAN. tween the false and true longitude of the southern Mr. Spooner-I have read an article in your pa-part of the lake. Suppose this difference 60 miles, per of this day, and also some other prints, stating, and the length of the Lake 260, Michigan will be in substance, that, by a recent and accurate survey, enlarged 7,390 square miles; a space almost equal the distance from the south extremity of Lake to the state of Connecticut. W. DARBY. Michigan to the Mississippi, was found to be 161 miles, in place of 250, hitherto estimated; and that of course the state of Illinois will be narrowed by the difference. The piece will, no doubt, go the rounds of the papers, though utterly unfounded as to the induction. New York, May 21. Since writing the above, I have observed the following notice in the Aurora of May 21: "I consider it my duty to the public to state, that my map of the United States, and the local maps, projected by me, embracing that portion of the I have taken the trouble to measure the distance country [Illinois,] have all been improved some between those points upon the following maps, and time ago. On measuring the maps of the United have annexed the result: States by the scale, from the Mississippi to the Lewis Evan's map, 1753, improved and republish-south end of lake Michigan, it will appear that the ed 1776, by T. Pownal, distance 230 miles. distance is exactly one hundred and sixty one miles. It Arrowsmith's map of North America, 207 miles.may be proper to state here, that all the maps kept Lewis' large map of the United States, 203 miles. by me for sale, are, as far practicable, kept in a con do. small do. 208 miles. tinual state of improvement. JOHN MELISH |