310. Such are the natures and the varieties of inen, as scattered over the face of the earth. Their numbers united are supposed to be nearly eight hundred millions : of whom, in Europe, every square mile contains 34, in Asia, au, in Africa, 6, and in America 3 individuals. The whole number of human beings being renewed every 99 years, on the average, 25 millions must die and be boru every year, i. e. 3,000 every hour, or 50 every minute, Like leaves on trees, the face of miau is found i 3:20. As men have divided by chance or de sign, into separate governments, they have us moined the names of Nations, Republics, Kingdoms, or Empires ; and the knowledge of these constitutes a leading feature of geographical study, The most populous nations are, the Chinese of 300 millions, the Hindoox of 10 millions, the French of 30 millions, and the Hussians of sa millions. The most extensive are the Russians, Chinese, Turkish, French and British empires, 821. From north to South, Europe in divided into Russia, Sweden, Denmark, Prussia, Poland, Saxony, Westphalia, France, Wurtemburgh, Ravaria, Switzerland, Austria, Turkey, Italy Naples, Spain, Portugal, and Great Britain and Ireland. .:. Obe. It will be highly proper that tutors the map of the world, all these countries to the pupil, and reader him expert in pointing to them bimself. He ought also to be directed to write out the boundaries and latitude and longitude of each from the map. Nothing can be so ridicolous, an to compel children to commit verbal descriptions of the boundaries of countries to me. mory. The only guide is a good map; and that they ought to trace or copy, till they can answer any question that is put to them. No one necd blush for ignorance of geography, after be has twice or thrice traeed or copied maps. The scale of mountains in Goldsmith's “Illustrations of Popular Geography," should also be copied in naps, and the lines of comparative sizes deserve some consideration. The best exercises in mechanical and ma. thematical geography, however, are in the Geographical Copy-Books and the Royal School-Atlas. 322. The following is an enumeration of the names, capitals, and population of the countries of Europe: Nations. Chief Citica, Population Sweden Stockholm 3 millione. Russia in Europe Petersburgh .30 do. Denmark Copenhagen 3 do. Prussia Berlin.. 8 do, Poland Warsaw 6 du. Batavia or Holland Amsterdam 3 do. Germanic States. Dresden ... .18 do. Austria Vienna .. .23 do. Turkey in Earope Constantinople 8 do. France (proper) ...... Paris .30 do, Switzerland 2 do. Italy Milan 4 do. Etruria Florence... 2 do. Pope's States.. Rome 2 do. Naples Naples 6 do. Portugal. Lishon 4 do. Spain Madrid Il do, Great Brit. and Ireland . London . 17 do. 323. Europe has three inland seas: the Mediterranean, the Baltic, and the White Sca; and Berne its shores are washed by the Atlantio, the Bay of Biscay, the English Channel, the Northern Ocean, St. George's Channel, and the German Ocean. :32 4. The great European rivers are, the Danube, the khine, the Elbe, the Weser, the Maine and the (der, in (iermany: the Wolga and the Nieper, in Russia: the Rhone, the Gurome, and the Seine, in France; the Thames, the Se. vern, and the Number, in England; the Clyde, in Scotland ; and the Shannon, in Ireland. On.The rivers of South Britain are thus described : From his ooky bed, Old Mather Thaines advanc'al hin rev'rend head Around and throne the new-born brothers stood, Whoswell with tributary uron his food. First, the Mam'd authors of his ancient name, The winding twis and the fruitful Romne! The Run will, for silver ecls renown: The Lodilon slow, with verdant a deux crown't (ble, whose darla streams his flow'ry wland lave: And chalky Way that rolls a milky wave! The blue transparent Vandalis appears i The pulplay Lee hierdie trenera Pearu : And sulien Mole that hides his diving lood! And silent Darend sinin'd with Danieli blood. ۴۱۲۰, . 3325. The mountains of Europe are, the Alps, of Switserland : the Pyrenees, between France and Spain; the Dotrafolds, in Norway: the Welsh, in Wales: und Ben Nevis and Dou Los mond, in Scotland. It has also three volcanoes, or burning mountains ; viz. Etna, in Sicily; Visu suvius, near Naples; and Hecla, in lerland 320. The British empire is composed of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and Ar verul swall oues, as the Isle of Mall, the Isle of Wight, the Hebrides, the Orkneys, Jersey and Guernsey, and the Scilly-islands. Great Britain is 700 miles long, and 250 broad; and Ireland 300 long, and 200 broad. Great Britain includes Scotland on the North, Wales north-west, and England on the south, east, and west. • 827. England is subdivided into 40 counties, as follow: Counties Chief Torens. Counties. Chief Towns. Northumberlaod Newcastle Warwickshire Warwick Durbam Darliam Worcestershire Worcester Cumberland Carlisle Herefordshire Hereford Westmoreland Appleby | Monmouthshire Monmouda Yorkshire York Gloucestershire Gloucester Lancashire Lancaster Oxfordshire Oxford Cheshire Chester Northamptns.Northampton Shropshire Shrewsbury Buckinghams. Aylesbury Derbyshire Derby | Bedfordshire Bedford Nottinghamsh. Nottinghain Huntingdonsh. Huntingdon Lineolashire Lincoln Cambridgeshi, Cambridge Rutland Oukhum Norfolk Norwich Leicestershire Leicester | Suffolk Bury Staffordshire Stafford Essex Chelmsford Hertfordshire Hertford Hampshire Winchester Middlesex London | Wiltshire Salisbury Kent Canterbury Dorsetshire Dorset Surry Guildford Somorsetshire Bath Sussex Chichester Devonshire Exeter Berkshire Reading Corowall Launceston 328. Walen is divided into 12 counties; as beneath: Counties. Chief Towns. Countios. Chief Torons. Mintshire Flint Radnorshire Radnor Denbighshire Denbigh Breck nocksh. Brecknock Montgomerys, Montgomery Glamorganshire Swansea Auglegea Beaumaris Pembrokeshire Pembrok Caernarvoanh, Caernarvon Cardiganshire Cardigan Werlopethshire Haerlech i Carmarthensh. Cammarthen 1 329. Scotland is divided into 33 counties, as follow: Shires. Chief Towns, Shires. Chief Towns Edinburgh Edinburgli Argyle Inverary Perth Bervie Roxburgh Jedburgh Aberdeen Aberdeen Selkirk Selkirk | Inverness Inverness Peebles ! Peebles Nairne and 1 Nairpe and Lanerk Glasgow Cropartie Cromartie Dumfries Dumfries | Fife St. Andrew's Wigtown Wigtown Forfar Mootrose Kirkcudbright Kirkcudbri. Banff Buod Ayr Ayr Sutherland Strathy Dargoc Dumbarton i Dumbarton Clacmannan Clacmannan Bute and Caithness Rothsay Kinross Kiurowe Renfrew Reofrew Taine Elgin Linlithgow Linlithgow Orkney Kirkwall 330. Ireland is divided into four provinces, Ulster to the north, Leinster to the east, Munster to the south, and Connaught to the west; and these are subdivided into 32 counties. Counties, Chief Towns. Counties, Chief Towns. Dublin Dublin | Antrim Carrickfergas Louth Drogheda Londonderry Derry Wicklow Wicklow Tyrope Omagh Wexford Wexford Fermanagh Joniskilling Longford Longford Donegal Lifford East Meath Trim Leitrim Balliprobe Westmeath Mullinger Roscommon Roscommon King's County Philipstown Mayo Carrick on Shannon Queen's Co. Maryborough Sligo Sligo Kilkenny Kilkenny Galway Galway Kildare Naas and Athy Clare Ennis Carlow Carlow Cork Cork Down Downpatrick Kerry Tralee Armagh Arinagh Limerick Limerick Monaghan Monaghan Tipperary Clonmell Cawa Caran Wutorford Watarford |