367. A globe is an exact portrait of the earth or heavens. For the facility of working problems, it is provided with a universal brass meridian; with a universal wooden horizon; with an hour circle to reduce its motion into time. with a compass to set it due north and south; and with a quadrant to measure distances and altitudes.

368. As the earth, which is 360 degrees round, turns any place to the Sun in every 24 hours, of course, 15 degrees turn to and from the Sun in every hour, and one degree in every four mi

mutes.

The hour of the day, therefore, at different places, depends on their difference in longitude, calculated in the above proportion; all places to the east moving under the Sun, or having their noon sooner than those to the west, because the earth turns from west to east.

Obs.Bristol is nearly Longitude two degrees west of London; it therefore passes under the Sun eight mis nutes later than London arrives at the Sun and of course, when it is twelve o'clock at London, it wants eight minutes of twelve in Bristol; or when it is twelve in Bris tol, it is eight minutes after twelve in London. In working such problems, it is simply necessary to bear in mind. that the whole earth of 360 degrees turns round in twen ty-four hours; and, of course, that the clocks every where vary in proportion to the distances of their meridians, or the difference of their longitudes.

XV. Of Morals and Religion.

309. Man is not well adapted to a social state, unless his conduct be restrained by a respect for others beyond what is imposed by Laws;

that is, except he be actuated by an habitual sense of what is right, and by feelings of remorse for having done what is wrong,

370. In due time he will find, that his happi ness consists in restraining his own passions and sensual propensities; in doing good to others; and in rendering his existence useful, by creating a reliance in others upon his labour, skill, and kindness.

371. The perception which every man feels of what is right and wrong, is called the Moral Sense; and it appears to arise from a conscious ness of doing, or not doing to others what we would have them do to us, were our situations reversed. Doing to others, therefore, as we would that others should do to us, is the golden rule of social virtue.

Oba. Another rule as universal, and not less import aut to the cause of virtue, is never to do an act which you would be ashamed to have known.

872. The practice of virtue implies restraint on our own wishes, and on our respecting the rights and happiness of others; restraint is the result of habit, and habit is produced by edacation. Hence the necessity of education, for restraining vicious propeusities, and for produe ing virtuous habits, on which depend all our happiness and prosperity.

Ox. The golden rule of virtue is also the golden rule of mannersz tenue politeness consisting in deference to others, and conceding our own wants and wishes to the pleasure and enjoyment of others.

373. There are no general rules so unerring as those, that virtue ought always to be prac

tised, because it is productive of happiness; and that future misery is an inevitable consequence of vicious habits.

374. Such were the results of men's own experience in the pagan world; but at length it pleased Almighty God to send his only Son Jesus Christ among his chosen people, the Jews, to recall them, and all mankind, from their idolatries; and to convey to them a just knowledge of ONE GOD, the maker of all things, and of the immortality of the soul of man after this life of probation.

375. The history of this divine Personage ist met with in the writings of the four Evangelists; in which, his precious doctrines are recorded for the instruction of mankind.

As everlasting foundations of virtue, these writings, those of the Apostles, and the whole Bible, should be consulted by young and old, for that wisdom which surpasses finite inquiry, and the delusive knowledge of man.

Obs.-The best, and perhaps the only, method of studying the New Testament, is by means of Barrow's 500 Questions.

376. By the information of the holy scriptures, and the inferences of our reason, deduced from the perfection of his wonderful works, we learn that there is ONE GOD; that he is a Supreme Being; First Cause; the Creator of the universe; Omnipotent, or all-powerful; Omniscient, or all-wise; Infinite, or present every where; and Eternal, or without beginning and without end.

In the Vast and the Minute, we see

The unambiguous footsteps of the God
Who gives its lustre to an insect's wing,

And wheels his throne upon the rolling worlds.

COWPER, '977. We learn, and we perceive, that God is always present with us; that all our thoughts and actions are known to him; and that we are accountable for them in a future state of immortality, which will follow this transient and ephe meral existence, Hence, we have a far more powerful stimulus to virtuous conduct, than mere temporal happiness.

I read his awful name, emblazon'd high
With golden letters on th' illumin'd sky a
Nor less, the mystic characters I see

Wrought in each flower; inscrib'd on ev'ry tree;
In ev'ry leaf that trembles on the breeze,

I hear the voice of God among the trees,

BARNAULD.

878. Some virtues, from their great worth, are called Cardinal Virtues; these are Sincerity, Charity, Temperance, Justice, Prudence, and Fortitude,

a. Sincerity is that desirable virtue which deals plainly and honestly, without disguise, falsehood, or hypocrisy.

b. Charity is that amiable virtue which leads us to relieve the distresses, tolerate the imperfections, pity the sufferings, and ameliorate the condition of all sensitive beings; and it op poses itself to persecution, cruelly, selfishness, and all barbarous practices towards men, and mals, or insects.

e. Temperance sets bounds to our desires, ambition, and passions; opposes our self-love, va nity, and sensual gratifications; and leads to contentment, health, and long life.

d. Justice is that virtue which leads us to do to men and animals that which we would they should do to us, were we in their situation and they in ours; and it is the opposite of tyranny, and of practices towards others, founded on our own supposed impunity.

Obs.-Tenderness to animals, and to all who cannot help themselves, or resist our power, is the primary duty of all men,

e. Prudence is that useful virtue which results from experience, of what is fit or unfit for our condition; and being possessed by the aged and by parents, their precepts ought to have full weight on the minds of children.

f. Fortitude is that necessary virtue, which enables us to bear with the adversities and accidents of social life; and which keeps us stendy in the practice of virtue.

379. In early ages, the Christian world became divided into two great bodies, called the Greek church and the Romish church.

The Greek church was, and is still, established in Russia, Turkey, Asia, and Greece.

The Romish church spread its influence over the west of Europe into Germany, France, Spain, Sweden, Britain, &c.

380. Soon after the invention of printing, the abuses and palpable errors of the Romish church

N