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(bs-War is, however, only justifiable when defensive and is the most enormous of crimes when offensive and unnecessary. No glory attends victory in an unjust war; and, without justice and necessity on their side, the greatest generals are but leaders of banditti, committing murders and robbery..

They seek diversion in the tented field,

And make the sorrows of mankind their sport
But war's a game which, were their subjects wise,
Kings would not play at. Nations would do well
Textort their truncheons from the puny grasp
Of heroes, whose infrm and baby minda
Are gratified with mischief, and who spoil
Because men suffer it, their toy, the world

COWPER.

157. For securing its independence, the whole male population of a nation ought to be trained to the use of arms; magazines of provisions should be secured; and such dispositions made, as should prevent the country from being conquered by the loss of a single battle.

158. It is usual, however, in modern states, to hire and pay for this service, a certain portion of the male population, called Soldiers. In England and its colonies we have, in time of war, about 300,000 fighting men; whose time and lives are devoted to their country, and they are called the Standing Army.

159. We had in the late wars 30,000 cavalry, or horse-soldiers; 150,000 infantry, or footsoldiers; and 5,000 engineers and artillery-men, whose duty was to direct fortifications, and to manage cannon in the field.

We had, besides, 80,000 militia and fencibles,

who served for a limited period, and did not go abroad; 20,000 marines, soldiers who served on board of ship; and 10,000 local volunteers, horse and foot.

160. Such was our army; yet France and other nations have even larger armies. The glory of Britain lies chiefly in its Navy; which is the bulwark of the country against invaders, and has long been the triumphant and undisputed master of every sca on the globe.

Obs. As Britain can never be invaded while its navy is triumphant, defensive or just wars are seldom neces sary to the British people.

161. An army is divided into Regiments, consisting of 700 cavalry, or 1,000 infantry; and each regiment is again subdivided into ten companies. Some regiments consist of two or three battalions; but each battalion generally consists of as many men as whole regiments of one battalion.

Three regiments form a brigade; several bri gades, according to the size of the army, form a division; and three divisions, the central division, and the right and left wings, usually form an army in actual service.

162. An army is commonly commanded by a general, called the Commander-in-Chief; the divisions or wings, by lieutenants-general, or majors-general; the brigades, by brigadiersgeneral; and so far they are staff-officers.

Regiments are commanded by colonels or lieutenants-colonel, who, with majors, are fieldofficers.

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The companies of a regiment are commanded by captains and lieutenants; each company is provided with an ensign, to carry its distinguishing colours; and also with four serjeants, and four corporals.

163. The British navy consists of 700 or 800 vessels; of which, 200 carry from 64 to 120 guns, and from 500 to 900 men, and are called Ships of the Line; 200 more carry from 28 to 50 guns, called Frigates; and 350 carrying less than 28 guns, are called Sloops, Brigs, Cutters, Fire-ships, Bomb-vessels, &c.

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Ob- Of all the arts and professions which, at an time, attract notice, none appear more astonishing and marvellous than that of navigation, in the state in which it exists at present. This cannot be made more evident, than by taking a retrospective view of the small eraf to which navigation owes its origin and comparing them in a majestic first-rate, containing 1,000 men, with their provisions, drink, furniture, apparel, and other neces aries for many months, besides 100 pieces of heavy ord

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