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Vote: 108 in favor, none against, 13 abstentions (potential or actual napalm users).

8. Nuclear Tests: Yes-right; No-wrong; Abstain-wrong.

A straightforward resolution condemning all nuclear weapons tests in whatever environment they are conducted. Calls for a comprehensive test ban, and for a moratorium until it is worked out.

Vote: 95 in favor, 3 against (current atmospheric testers China and France plus tagalong Albania), and 33 abstentions (US, UK, USSR and close friends). 9. Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace: Yes-right; No-wrong; Abstain-wrong. Asks the US and USSR to cool it on their arms build up in the Indian Ocean, until the states in the area can meet and establish the Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace.

Vote: 103 in favor, none against, but 26 abstentions (the US, USSR and their closest friends gave their usual whole-hearted support).

10. Salt Talks: Yes-right; No-wrong; Abstain-wrong.

"Shares the concern" of the US and USSR about the nuclear arms race; urges them to "broaden" the scope and accelerate the pace of their talks; stresses the necessity of qualitative limitations and substantial reductions of strategic and nuclear arms. Asks them to inform the Assembly.

Vote: 105 in favor, 1 against (Albania. China "not participating") 23 abstentions (US, USSR and small group of friends).

11. Nuclear Weapons Free Zone in South Asia: Yes-right; No-wrong; Abstain-wrong.

Although the Pakistan initiative was triggered by India's entry into the nuclear explosions club, it was still a good initiative. Invites states to consult on setting up such a zone; asks the UN to convene a meeting for that purpose and to provide assistance.

Vote: 96 in favor; 2 against (Bhutan, India), 36 abstentions. China voted for; US, UK, USSR and France against.

12. Military Budgets: Yes-right; No-wrong; Abstain-wrong. Very interesting resolution building on work of previous year. Asks states to provide views on definition, procedures for establishing a system of comparing military budgets to facilitate their reduction by the proposed 10% and the allotment of part of the savings to development through the UN.

Vote: 99 in favor; 2 against (China and Albania in their usual constructive role); 12 abstentions (USSR group plus France and Paraguay!).

13. UN Command in Korea: Yes-right; No-no score; Abstain-right. A moderate and constructive resolution offered by the US and friends under pressure. Foresees the end of the "UN Command" in Korea which is a ridiculous anachronism; urges continued dialogue toward conciliation and unification between North and South. Abstention is also regarded as right, inasmuch as the resolution did not remove UN imprimateur from US presence.

Vote: 61 in favor, 42 against, 32 abstentions. (Vote in Committee I.)

14. Improvements to UN and to Charter: Yes-right; No-wrong; Abstain—

no score.

Resolution sets up a committee of 32 members to consider this year proposals and recommendations of the members for improving the UN and its Charter; asks the Secretary-General for his views.

Vote: 77 in favor, 29 against, 32 abstentions in the 6th Committee.

15. Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: Optional Protocol: Yes-wrong; No-right; Abstain-wrong.

Vote was on a Soviet move to take reference to the Protocol out of a resolution calling for ratification of the Covenants on Human Rights. The Protocol provides for the right of individual petition over the heads of governments on rights grievances, if governments have agreed in advance. A rare vote showing the line-up on individual human rights.

Vote: 26 in favor, 33 against, 52 abstentions. China did not even wish to participate. The large number of abstentions show nations not knowing, not caring, or caught between two fires of the proponents and opponents of human rights. 16. Rhodesia: Yes-right; No-wrong: Abstain-wrong.

Annual omnibus resolution on Rhodesia. Calls for enforcement of sanctions taken against Rhodesia, names the US in this matter.

Vote: 99 in favor, none against, 17 abstentions, in 4th Committee.

17. Namibia: Yes-right; No-wrong; Abstain-no score.

Annual omnibus resolution on exertion of UN mandate over Namibia. Each year the African states hunt around for something new to do to try to prod action

on this question, with absence of help from the big powers. This year the resolution provides funding for one of the liberation groups' offices, and for a transmitter to broadcast into Namibia-questionable items, therefore abstention is not marked wrong, but only no score.

Vote: 96 in favor, none against, 14 abstentions, in Fourth Committee.

18. Charter of Economic Rights and Duties: Yes-right; No—wrong; Abstain-no score.

A Magna Carta or a hoax, depending on whom you talk to. Probably neither one, but a painful first step toward a statement of international responsibility in the area. The industrialized western countries wanted amendments easier on their multinational corporations concerning compensation for nationalization, etc., main reason for their votes.

Votes: 120 in favor; 6 against (Belgium, Denmark, West Germany, Luxberg, UK, US); 10 abstentions.

19. Peaceful Settlement of Disputes: Yes-right; No-wrong; Abstain-no

score.

A fine resolution stressing the importance and value of using the UN Charter provisions for settlement of disputes by negotiation, conciliation, arbitration, with the UN as third party when helpful. Although an endorsement of motherhood, some states were hoodwinked by a USSR campaign against it, a country which wants everything settled only by bilateral negotiations. Votes: 69 in favor; 10 against, 35 abstentions.

20. Human Rights in Chile: Yes-right; No-wrong; Abstain-no score. Although the UN is political in its choice of human rights issues (Chile is a USSR favorite), the resolution was good one and well-sponsored, and unfortunately, there is no doubt about the severity of the repression of rights in Chile. Vote: 90 in favor, 8 against (all Latin), and 26 abstentions.

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