Parker v. Commonwealth. accomplice; and as it does not in terms declare that corroboration by the wife shall not be sufficient, we do not feel inclined to so extend it by construction as to render her corroboration ineffectual. The judgment is affirmed. CASE 42-INDICTMENT-MAY 16. Parker v. Commonwealth. APPEAL FROM WOODFORD CIRCUIT COURT. 1. A NEW INDICTMENT MAY BE FOUND IN THE COUNTY TO WHICH A CRIMINAL OR PENAL CASE HAS BEEN REMOVED by change of venue. (General Statutes, sec. 7, art. 4, chap. 12.) 2. The statute authorizing new indictments to be found by the grand jury of the county to which the case was removed by change of venue, when the first indictment has been quashed or a nolle prosequi entered, is not unconstitutional; it is not violative of "the ancient mode of trial by jury;" it does not provide for depriving a citizen of life, liberty, or property in a mode unknown to "the law of the land." 3. The right of the accused to demand that he shall be indicted by the grand jury of the county in which the criminal or penal act is alleged to have been committed is not, like the right to be tried by a petit jury, an absolute and indefeasible right, which can not be waived or surrendered. 4. By asking for and obtaining a change of venue the accused waives his right to object to a new indictment being found against him by the grand jury of the county to which the case was removed, when the first indictment has been quashed or a nolle prosequi entered. 5. The new indictment should state truly the county in which the offense was committed. (Criminal Code, sec. 123.) The accused in this case, being indicted in the county of Fayette for murder committed in that county, applied for and obtained a change of venue to the county of Woodford. The Woodford Circuit Court quashed the indictment, and thereupon, the charge being laid before them, the grand jury of Woodford returned a new indictment against him, as provided in section 7, article 4, chapter 12, General Statutes, for the same murder, untruly alleging that it was com 12bu1911 118 893 Parker v. Commonwealth. mitted in Woodford. On the trial the proof showed and it was admitted that the killing occurred in Fayette. The instructions given by the court to the jury authorized a conviction under the indictment charging the offense to have been committed in Woodford. The jury returned a verdict of guilty; the court refused a new trial, and sentenced the accused. On the appeal of the accused, Held that— To authorize the conviction it was essential that the indictment should state truly the county in which the offense was committed, and that for the error in giving and refusing instructions the judgment of the circuit court is reversed and a new trial ordered. General Statutes, chap. 12, art. 4, sec. 7. 1 Bishop's Criminal Pro., 2d ed., secs. 566, 384, 386, 381, 84, 58, 49, 69, 506. 9 Bush, 180, White V. Commonwealth. 1 Starkie's Crim. Pl., 2d ed., 182. 2 Hale Pls. Cr. 182. 6 Greenleaf, 148, 152. 4 Iredell, 219. 39 Maine, 291, Damon's case. 3 Met. 5, Commonwealth v. Perrigo. 16 B. Mon. 206, Clark v. Commonwealth. THOS. E. MOSs, Attorney General, For Appellee. (Brief not in record.) JUDGE LINDSAY DELIVERED THE OPINION OF THE COURT. Montgomery Parker stood indicted in the Fayette Circuit Court for the murder of John Wills. He made application therefor and succeeded in having the venue changed to the Woodford Circuit Court. When his case was reached for trial Parker v. Commonwealth. in the last-named court the indictment was quashed. The charge was thereupon laid before the grand jury of Woodford County. That body returned an indictment against him charging the same murder, but alleging that it was committed in Woodford County. The accused was at once put upon trial, and was found guilty of manslaughter, and adjudged to be confined in the penitentiary for the term of three years. He has appealed to this court, and the validity and regularity of the proceedings in the court below are now before us for review. The jurisdiction and power of the grand jury of Woodford County to find and return the indictment is denied, because of the admitted fact that the killing was done in the county of Fayette. Article 4, chapter 12 of the General Statutes authorizes a change of the venue in a criminal or penal case, when the defendant shall apply for the change and shall make it appear that he can not have a fair trial in the county where the proceeding is pending. Section 7 of that article provides that "the court to which the removal is so made shall have the same jurisdiction to dispose of the case as the court had from which it was removed; and if the indictment be quashed or a nolle prosequi entered, a new indictment may be found from time to time by a grand jury of the county to which the removal is made, and the same prosecuted until the case is finally disposed of, as though the offense had been committed in that county." This statute is conclusive of this question if it is not in conflict with certain constitutional provisions embodied in the Bill of Rights. Appellant insists that it is violative of "the ancient mode of trial by jury," and that it provides for depriving a citizen of life, liberty, or property in a mode unknown to "the law of the land." "The law of the land," as contemplated by the 12th secVOL. XII.-14 Parker v. Commonwealth. tion of the Bill of Rights, and which was in force when the people of Virginia threw off their allegiance to the British crown, and when the first constitution of Kentucky was adopted, authorized a person charged with crime to have a change of the venue, and provided in such a case that he should be tried by other than a jury of the vicinage; and appellant's counsel do not question the validity of the statute to the extent that it requires the trial jury to be made up of competent jurors residing within the body of Woodford County; but they do contend that "the law of the land" and "the ancient mode of trial by jury" secure to the accused the absolute right to demand that he shall not be held to answer a criminal charge except upon a presentment found or an indictment returned by a grand jury of the county in which the offense is alleged to have been committed. This is undoubtedly a correct statement of the ancient doctrine in its general application. But there were always some exceptions to it growing out of real or supposed necessity. By the statute of 2d & 3d Edward VI, chapter 24, section 2, it was provided "that when any person or persons hereafter shall be feloniously stricken or poisoned in one county and die of the same stroke or poisoning in another county, that then an indictment thereof founden by jurors of the county where the death shall happen, etc., shall be good and effective in law as if the stroke or poisoning had been committed and done in the county where the party shall die or where such indictment shall be found." This was a substantial exception to the general rule, and this conclusion can not be successfully combated by assuming that in the cases provided for by the statute the offenses would, in estimation of law, be committed partly in each of the two counties. It is the giving of the blows or the administration of the poison that constitutes the felony, and the dying within a year and a day merely determines the grade of the crime. Parker v. Commonwealth. To support the statute upon the ground that the murder was commenced in the one and completed in the other county is to ignore the reason for guaranteeing to the accused the right to be tried by a jury of the vicinage. In commenting upon the clause in the Federal Constitution securing this right, Judge Story says: "The object of this clause is to secure the party accused from being dragged to a trial in some distant state, away from his friends and witnesses and neighborhood, and thus to be subjected to the verdict of mere strangers, who may feel no common sympathy, or who may even cherish animosities or prejudices against him. sides this, a trial in a distant state or territory might subject the party to the most oppressive expenses, or perhaps even to the inability of procuring the proper witnesses to establish his innocence." (Story on Constitution, vol. 2, sec. 1781.) Be These reasons apply with full force to a case in which the person stricken or poisoned shall die in a distant county, among strangers to the accused, who can feel but little sympathy for, and may cherish animosities and prejudices against him. We conceive that the most probable reason for the enactment of the statute was that the necessity resting upon the prosecution to prove the death was deemed a sufficient consideration to justify an exception being made in favor of the convenience of the witnesses, whose presence would be indispensably necessary to establish the guilt of the person charged with the crime. The legislature of this state seems at no time to have doubted its power to create similar exceptions. By the act of January 27th, 1808 (2d Stat. Laws, 885), it was enacted that where any part of a river, water, water-course, highway, road, or street should be the boundary line between two counties, the courts of such counties should have concurrent jurisdiction in all cases over the whole extent of such parts of such river, etc., as if they were within the body of the |