WAR CHRONOLOGY.

24.-Battle-ship Maine ordered to Havana.

JANUARY.

FEBRUARY.

8.-Letter of Spanish Minister, Dupuy de Lome, published, containing insulting references to the President.

10.-Minister De Lome resigned.

14.-Luisolo y Bernabe appointed Spanish Minister to the United States.

15.-Maine blown up in Havana harbor, and 266 lives lost.

17.-Board of Inquiry appointed to investigate the cause of the Maine explosion.

21.-Board of Inquiry began its investigation in Havana.

MARCH.

9.-Congress passed a bill appropriating $50,000,000 for national defense.

10.-Minister Polo arrived in Washington.

12.-Naval Board appointed to recommend vessels for purchase by the Government. 19.-Battle-ship Oregon left San Francisco to join North Atlantic Squadron.

21.-Naval Board of Inquiry reported that Maine had been destroyed by a submarine mine.

APRIL.

9.-Consul-General Lee and many other Americans left Havana.

11.-President sent to Congress a message advocating intervention in Cuba.

19.-Congress adopted a resolution demanding the expulsion of Spain from Cuba, as follows:

Resolutions of Congress Demanding the Expulsion of Spain from Cuba.

Whereas, The abhorrent conditions which have existed for more than three years in the Island of Cuba, so near our own borders, have shocked the moral sense of the people of the United States, have been a disgrace to Christian civilization, culminating, as they have, in the destruction of a United States battle-ship, with two hundred and sixty-six of its officers and crew, while on a friendly visit in the harbor of Havana, and cannot longer be endured, as has been set forth by the President of the United States in his message to Congress of April 11, 1898, upon which the action of Congress was invited; therefore,

Resolved, (1) That the people of the Island of Cuba are, and of right ought to be, free and independent.

(2) That it is the duty of the United States to demand, and the Government of the United States does hereby demand, that the Government of Spain at once relinquish its authority and government in the Island of Cuba and withdraw its land and naval forces from Cuba and Cuban waters.

(3) That the President of the United States be, and he hereby is, directed and empowered to use the entire land and naval forces of the United States, and to call into actual service of the United States the militia of the several States, to such extent as may be necessary to carry these resolutions into effect.

(4) That the United States hereby disclaims any disposition or intention to exercise sovereignty, jurisdiction, or control over said island, except for the pacification thereof, and as-erts its determination, when that is accomplished, to leave the government and control of the island to its people.

20.-Resolution signed by the President.
20.-President's ultimatum cabled to Madrid.

Letter of Instruction to Minister Woodford, Containing the President's Ultimatum.

TO WOODFORD, Minister, Madrid:

WASHINGTON, April 20, 1898.

You have been furnished with the text of a joint resolution voted by the Congress of the United States on the 19th instant approved to-day-in relation to the pacification of the Island of Cuba. In obedience to that act, the President directs you to immediately communicate to the Government of Spain said resolution, with the formal demand of the Government of the United States that the Government of Spain at once relinquish its authority and government in the Island of Cuba, and withdraw its land and naval forces from Cuba and Cuban waters. In taking this step the United States hereby disclaims any disposition or intention to exercise sovereignty, jurisdiction, or control over said island, except for the pacification thereof, and sserts its determination, when that is accomplished, to leave the government and control of the island to its people, under such free and independent government as they may establish.

If by the hour of noon on Saturday next, the 23d day of April instant, there be not communicated to this Government by that of Spain a full and satisfactory response to this demand and resolution whereby the ends of peace in Cuba shall be assured, the President will proceed without further notice to use the power and authority enjoined and conferred upon him by the said joint resolution to such extent as may be necessary to carry the same into effect. SHERMAN.

20.-Spanish Minister demanded his passports.

21.-Passports handed to United States Minister Woodford at Madrid.

21.-President directed secretary of the Navy to blockade Havana and other Cuban ports. 23.-President issued a proclamation calling for 125,000 volunteers.

25.-Congress adopted a resolution declaring that war had existed since and including April 21. 27.-First action of the war. The New York, Puritan, and Cincinnati bombarded and silenced the forts at Matanzas.

27.-Asiatic Squadron, under Commodore Dewey, sailed from Mirs Bay, China. It was composed of the Olympia (flag), Baltimore, Raleigh, Petrel, Concord, Boston, and McCulloch. 29.-Admiral Cervera's fleet sailed from the Cape de Verde Islands.

MAY.

1.-Commodore Dewey destroyed the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay. The Reina Cristina, Castilla, Don Antonio de Ulloa, Don Juan de Austria, Isla de Luzon, Isla de Cuba, General Lezo, Marques del Duero, El Correo, Velasco, and Isla de Mindanao (transport), were burned or sunk, and the tugs Rápido and Hercules and several small launches were captured. The Spanish loss, according to Admiral Montejo, was, including those at the arsenal, 381 killed and wounded. Our loss was none killed, and 9 slightly wounded. No damage was done to our ships. 11.-Engagement at Cardenas, Cuba. Spanish gunboats and masked shore batteries opened fire on the blockading vessels, Machias, Wilmington, Winslow, and Hudson. Ensign Worth Bagley and 4 sailors were killed; Lieutenant Bernadou and 20 others wounded. 12.-First land battle of the war occurred near Port Cabañas, Cuba. The transport steamer Gussie, carrying members of the First Infantry, with arms, ammunition, and food for the insurgents, made a temporary landing at this place after a brief skirmish with the Spanish troops. 12.-A portion of Admiral Sampson's squadron bombarded the defenses of San Juan, Porto Rico. Our loss, 2 killed, 7 wounded; our ships suffered no damage.

18,-The cruiser Charleston sailed from San Francisco to the Philippines.

19.-The Flying Squadron, under Commodore Schley, sailed from Key West to blockade Cienfuegos. 19.-Cervera's Squadron found to be at Santiago, Cuba.

24.-The Oregon reached Jupiter Inlet, Florida.

25.-President issued a proclamation calling for 75,000 more volunteers. 25.-First relief expedition (2,500 men) for Manila left San Francisco.

JUNE.

1.-Admiral Sampson arrived off Santiago.

3.-Lieutenant Hobson sank the collier Merrimac in Santiago harbor to close the harbor's entrance. These volunteers accompanied him: Osborn Deignan, George A. Phillips, Francis Kelly, George Charette, Daniel Montague, J. C. Murphy, Randolph Clausen. After sinking the Merrimac they surrendered to the enemy. 10.-United States marines landed on eastern shore of Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, -the first permanent landing by our forces on Cuban soil.

11-14.-Almost constant fighting between the marines and Spanish forces. Our loss was 6 killed and 3 wounded.

13.-President signed the War Revenue Act.

13.- Circular issued inviting subscriptions for $200,000,000 3 per cent. bonds.

13.-Lieutenant Blue returned from a detour of 70 miles of observation of Santiago harbor. 15.-Second expedition in aid of Dewey (4,200 men) sailed from San Francisco.

21.-Cruiser Charleston compelled the surrender of Guam, one of the Ladrone Islands.

22.-General Shafter's army landed, with little resistance, at Baiquiri, Cuba.

24. The battle of Guasimas, between the Spanish and the United States cavalry and "Rough Riders." Spanish repulsed, with heavy loss. Our loss, 16 killed, 52 wounded. 27.-Third Manila expedition, consisting of the transport ships Indiana, Ohio, Morgan City, and City of Para, sailed from San Francisco.

30.-First relief expedition arrived at Manila Bay.

JULY.

1, 2, 3.-Capture by General Shafter's forces of El Caney and San Juan, two heights forming the chief defenses of Santiago on the land side.

3.-Admiral Cervera's fleet, leaving Santiago harbor and attempting to pass our war-ships, destroyed by Sampson's fleet. The Spanish vessels destroyed were the Infanta Maria Teresa, Vizcaya, Cristóbal Colon, Almirante Oquendo, and the torpedo-destroyers Pluton and Furor. Casualties on our side, 1 man killed, 10 wounded. Our ships suffered no serious injury. Admiral Cervera, about 70 officers and 1,600 men were made prisoners, while about 350 Spaniards were killed and 160 wounded.

6.-At night the Spanish cruiser Reina Mercedes sunk while steaming out of Santiago harbor. 6.-Hobson and his companions exchanged.

7.-German man-of-war Irene prevented Philippine insurgents from taking Isla Grande, in Subig Bay. Dewey sent the Raleigh and Concord to their assistance, when the German boat withdrew and the island was taken, together with 1,300 prisoners.

8.-Congress adjourned.

9.-General Miles sailed for Santiago.

10, 11.-Santiago bombarded by our fleet.

12.-General Miles reached General Shafter's headquarters.

13, 14.-Generals Miles and Shafter met Spanish commander under a flag of truce to discuss surrender of Spanish forces.

17.-General Toral surrendered Santiago, with more than 23,000 men, and at noon the American flag was hoisted over the Governor's Palace. Our losses about Santiago were: 23 officers and 237 enlisted men killed, 99 officers and 1,332 enlisted men wounded.

17.-Second expedition from San Francisco arrived at Manila.

18.-Embarkation of troops for Porto Rico begun at Tampa.

25.-Military expedition under General Miles landed on southern coast of Porto Rico. 25.-General Merritt arrived off Manila.

26.-French Ambassador at Washington, M. Jules Cambon, on behalf of Spain, presented a message intended to open the door to negotiations for peace.

27.-United States Navy entered harbor of Ponce, Porto Rico.

28.-United States Army took possession of Ponce.

31.-Engagement between Spanish and American troops near Manila

AUGUST.

4.-General Shafter's troops ordered to Montauk Point, Long Island, from Santiago. 5.-Engagement between United States and Spanish forces at Guayama, Porto Rico.

8-12.-Frequent conflicts in Porto Rico. Our losses: 3 enlisted men killed; 4 officers and 36 enlisted men wounded.

9.-Spain formally accepted President's terms of peace.

12.-Protocol signed by Secretary Day and M. Cambon.

12.-Proclamation by President ordering suspension of hostilities.

13.-Manila attacked by United States Army and Navy, and captured. There were surrendered to us about 13,000 prisoners and 22,000 stand of arms. Losses of our army about Manila: 17 enlisted men killed; 10 officers and 96 enlisted men wounded. 20.-Naval parade in New York harbor, when the cruisers and battle-ships New York, Iowa, Indiana, Brooklyn, Massachusetts, Oregon, and Texas passed in review.

25.-General Shafter left Santiago; last of his army embarked next day.

30.-General Merritt sailed from Manila for Paris to confer with Peace Commissioners.

31.-Orders issued looking to release of Spanish naval prisoners.

SEPTEMBER.

9.-American Peace Commissioners named. They were William R. Day, of Ohio; Cushman K. Davis, of Minnesota; William P. Frye, of Maine; Whitelaw Reid, of New York, and George Gray, of Delaware.

12.-Admiral Cervera and other Spanish naval prisoners sailed for Spain.

15. Spanish Peace Commissioners are named. They were Señor Montero Rios, President of the Senate; Señor Abarzuza, Señor Villa-Urrutia, Spanish Minister to Belgium; Señor J. de Garnica, and General Cerero. 17.-United States Peace Commissioners sailed for Paris.

20.-Spanish troops began to evacuate Porto Rico.

OCTOBER.

1. First session of the Peace Commission in Paris.
18.-United States took formal possession of Porto Rico.

DECEMBER.

10.-Treaty of Peace signed in Paris by all the United States and Spanish Commissioners.

JANUARY 4, 1899.-Treaty of Peace laid before the Senate by the President for ratification. The text of the treaty is as follows:

THE TREATY OF PEACE.

The United States of America and Her Majesty the Queen Regent of Spain, in the name of her august son, Don Alfonso XIII, desiring to end the state of war now existing between the two countries, have for that purpose appointed as plenipotentiaries:

The President of the United States:

William R. Day, Cushman K. Davis, William P. Frye, George Gray, and Whitelaw Reid, citizens of the United States; And Her Majesty the Queen Regent of Spain:

Don Eugenio Montero Rios, President of the Senate; Don Buenaventura de Abarzuza, Senator of the Kingdom and ex-Minister of the Crown; Don José de Garnica, Deputy to the Cortes and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court; Don Wenceslao Ramirez de Villa-Urrutia, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Brussels, and Don Rafael Cerero, General of Division. Who, having assembled in Paris and having exchanged their full powers, which were found to be in due and proper form, have, after discussion of the matters before them, agreed upon the following articles:

ARTICLE I-Spain relinquishes all claim of sovereignty over and title to Cuba.

And as the island is, upon its evacuation by Spain, to be occupied by the United States, the United States will, so long as such occupation shall last, assume and discharge the obligations that may under international law result from the fact of its occupation for the protection of life and property.

ART. II.-Spain cedes to the United States the Island of Porto Rico and other islands now under Spanish sovereignty in the West Indies, and the Island of Guam in the Marianas or Ladrones.

ART. III. Spain cedes to the United States the archipelago known as the Philippine Islands, and comprehending the islands lying within the following lines: A line running from west to east along or near the twentieth parallel of north latitude, and through the middle of the navigable channel of Bachi, from the one hundred and eighteenth (118th) to the one hundred and twenty-seventh (127th) degree meridian of longitude east of Greenwich, thence along the one hundred and twenty-seventh (127th) degree meridian of longitude east of Greenwich to the parallel of four degrees and forty-five minutes (4:45) north latitude to its intersection with the meridian of longitude one hundred and nineteen degrees and thirty-five minutes (119:35) east of Greenwich, thence along the meridian of longitude one hundred and nineteen degrees and thirty-five minutes (119:35) east of Greenwich to the parallel of latitude seven degrees and forty minutes (7:40) north, thence along the parallel of latitude seven degrees and forty minutes (7:40) north to its intersection with the one hundred and sixteenth (116th) degree meridian of longitude east of Greenwich, thence by a direct line to the intersection of the tenth (10th) degree parallel of north latitude with the one hundred and eighteenth (118th) de

gree meridian of longitude east of Greenwich, and thence along the one hundred and eighteenth (118th) degree meridian of longitude east of Greenwich to the point of beginning.

The United States will pay to Spain the sum of twenty million dollars ($20,000,000) within three months after the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty.

ART. IV.-The United States will, for ten years from the date of exchange of ratifications of the present treaty, admit Spanish ships and merchandise to the ports of the Philippine Islands on the same terms as ships and merchandise of the United States.

ART. V.-The United States will, upon the signature of the present treaty, send back to Spain, at its own cost, the Spanish soldiers taken as prisoners of war on the capture of Manila by the American forces. The arms of the soldiers in question shall be restored to them.

Spain will, upon the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty, proceed to evacuate the Philippines, as well as the Island of Guam, on terms similar to those agreed upon by the Commissioners appointed to arrange for the evacuation of Porto Rico and other islands in the West Indies under the protocol of August 12, 1898, which is to continue in force till its provisi ns are completely executed.

The time within which the evacuation of the Philippine Islands and Guam shall be completed shall be fixed by the two Governments. Stands of colors, uncaptured war vessels, small arms, guns of all calibers, with their carriages and accessories, powder, ammunition, live stock, and materials and supplies of all kinds belonging to the land and naval forces of Spain in the Philippines and Guam, remain the property of Spain. Pieces of heavy ordnance, exclusive of field artillery, in the fortifications and coast defenses shall remain in their emplacements for the term of six months, to be reckoned from the exchange of the ratifications of the treaty; and the United States may, in the mean time, purchase such material from Spain if a satisfactory agreement between the two Governments on the subject shall be reached.

ART. VI.-Spain will, upon the signature of the present treaty, release all prisoners of war and all persons detained or imprisoned for political offenses in connection with the insurrections in Cuba and the Philippines and the war with the United States.

Reciprocally, the United States will release all prisoners made prisoners of war by the American forces, and will undertake to obtain the release of all Spanish prisoners in the hands of the insurgents in Cuba and the Philippines.

The Government of the United States will at its own cost return to Spain, and the Government of Spain will at its own cost return to the United States, Cuba, Porto Rico, and the Philippines, according to the situation of their respective homes, prisoners released or caused to be released by them respectively under this article.

ART. VII.-The United States and Spain mutually relinquish claims for indemnity, national and individual, of every kind, of either Government, or of its citizens or subjects, against the other Government, which may have arisen since the beginning of the late insurrection in Cuba and prior to the exchange of ratifications of the present treaty, including all claims for indemnity for cost of war. The United States will adjudicate and settle the claims of its citizens against Spain relinquished in this article.

ART. VIII.-In conformity with the provisions of Articles I, II, and III of this treaty, Spain relinquishes in Cuba and cedes in Porto Rico and other islands in the West Indies, in the Island of Guam, and in the Philippine archipelago, all the buildings, wharves, barracks, forts, structures, public highways, and other immovable property which in conformity with law belong to the public domain, and as such belong to the Crown of Spain.

And it is hereby declared that the relinquishment or cession, as the case may be, to which the preceding paragraph refers, cannot in any respect impair the property or rights which by law belong to the peaceful possession of property of all kinds, of provinces, municipalities, public or private establishments, ecclesiastical or civic bodies, or any other associations having legal capacity to acquire and possess property in the aforesaid territories renounced or ceded, or of private individuals. of whatsoever nationality such individuals may be.

The aforesaid relinquishment or cession, as the case may be, includes all documents exclusively referring to the sovereignty relinquished or ceded that may exist in the archives of the Peninsula. Where any document in such archives only in part relates to said sovereignty, a copy of such part will be furnished whenever it shall be requested. Like rules shall be reciprocally observed in favor of Spain in respect of documents in the archives of the islands above referred to.

In the aforesaid relinquishment or cession, as the case may be, are also included such rights as the Crown of Spain and its authorities possess in respect of the official archives and records, execu tive as well as judicial, in the islands above referred to, which relate to said islands or the rights and property of their inhabitants. Such archives and records shall be carefully preserved, and private persons shall, without distinction, have the right to require, in accordance with the law, authenticated copies of the contracts, wills, or other instruments forming part of notarial protocols or files. or which may be contained in the executive or judicial archives, be the latter in Spain or in the

islands aforesaid.

ART. IX.-Spanish subjects, natives of the Peninsula, residing in the territory over which Spain by the present treaty relinquishes or cedes her sovereignty, may remain in such territory or may remove therefrom, retaining in either event all their rights of property, including the right to sell or dispose of such property or of its proceeds; and they shall also have the right to carry on their industry, commerce, and professions, being subject in respect thereof to such laws as are applicable to other foreigners. In case they remain in the territory, they may preserve their allegiance to the Crown of Spain by making, before a court of record, within a year from the date of the exchange of ratifications of this treaty, a declaration of their decision to preserve such allegiance; in default of which declaration they shall be held to have renounced it and to have adopted the nationality of the territory in which they may reside.

The civil rights and political status of the native inhabitants of the territories hereby ceded to the United States shall be determined by the Congress.

ART. X.- The inhabitants of the territories over which Spain relinquishes or cedes her sovereignty shall be secured in the free exercise of their religion.

ART. XI.-The Spaniards residing in the territories over which Spain by this treaty cedes or relinquishes her sovereignty shall be subject in matters civil as well as criminal to the jurisdiction of the courts of the country wherein they reside, pursuant to the ordinary laws governing the same; and they shall have the right to appear before such courts and to pursue the same course as citizens of the country to which the courts belong.

ART. XII.-Judicial proceedings pending at the time of the exchange of ratifications of this treaty in the territories over which Spain relinquishes or cedes her sovereignty shall be determined according to the follo ving rules:

First Judgments rendered either in civil suits between private individuals or in criminal matters, before the date mentioned, and with respect to which there is no recourse or right of review under the Spanish law, shall be deemed to be final, and shall be executed in due form by competent authority in the territory within which such judgments should be carried out.

Second-Civil suits between private individuals which may on the date mentioned be undetermined shall be prosecuted to judgment before the court in which they may then be pending, or in the court that may be substituted therefor.

Third Criminal actions pending on the date mentioned before the Supreme Court of Spain against citizens of the territory which by this treaty ceases to be Spanish, shall continue under its jurisdiction until final judgment; but, such judgment having been rendered, the execution thereof sha.l be committed to the competent authority of the place in which the case arose.

ART. XIII. The rights of property secured by copyrights and patents acquired by Spaniards in the Island of Cuba, aud in Porto Rico, the Philippines, and other ceded territories, at the time of the exchange of the ratifications of this treaty, shall continue to be respected. Spanish scientific, literary, and artistic works, not subversive of public order in the territories in question, shall continue to be admitted free of duty into such territories for the period of ten years, to be reckoned from the date of the exchange of the ratifications of this treaty.

ART. XIV. Spain shall have the power to establish consular offices in the ports and places of the territories the sovereignty over which has either been relinquished or ceded by the present treaty.

ART. XV.-The Government of each country will, for the term of ten years, accord to the merchant vessels of the other country the same treatment in respect of all port charges, including entrance and clearance duties, light dues, and tonnage duties, as it accords to its own merchant vessels not engaged in the coast wise trade.

This article may at any time be terminated on six months' notice given by either Government to the other. ART. XVI.-It is understood that any obligations assumed in this treaty by the United States with respect to Cuba are limited to the time of its occupancy thereof; but it will, upon the termination of such occupancy, advise any Government established in the island to assume the same obligations.

ART. XVII. The present treaty shall be ratified by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, and by Her Majesty the Queen Regent of Spain; and the ratifications shall be exchanged at Washington within six months from the date hereof, or earlier if possible.

In faith whereof we, the respective plenipotentiaries, have signed this treaty and have hereunto affixed our seals. Done in duplicate at Paris, the tenth day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety-eight.

FEBRUARY 6, 1899. -Peace Treaty ratified by Senate, by a vote of 57 to 27.
FEBRUARY 10, 1899.-Treaty of Peace signed by the President at 2:35 P. M.

Casualties in the War with Spain.

CASUALTIES IN THE AMERICAN ARMIES.

Total casualties in killed and wounded during the war with Spain from May 1 to September 30:

Number of deaths by disease and accidents from May 1 to September 30 was as follows:

The total force was 274,717 men, and the loss by death from all causes was 1.059 per cent.