COLLEGES. COLLEGE OF NEW JERSEY, Princeton. FACULTY.-Rev. John McLean, D.D., LL.D., Pres. Joseph Henry, M.D., LL.D., Emerit. Prof. of Nat. Philos. Stephen Alexander, LL.D., Prof. of Mechan. Philos. and Astron. Rev. Matthew B. Hope, M.D., D.D., Prof. of Belles-Let. and Polit. Econ. Rev. James C. Moffat, D.D., Prof. of Greek and Hist. Rev. Lyman H. Atwater, D.D., Prof. of Ment. and Moral Philos. Arnold Guyot, LL.D., Prof. of Geology and Phys. Geog. George Musgrave Giger, A.M., Prof. of Lat. Rev. John T. Duffield, A.M., Prof. of Math. J. Stillwell Schanck, A.M., M.D., Curat. of the Museum and Lect. on Zoöl. Prof. of Chem. and Nat. Hist. G. A. Matile, LL.D., Lect. on Civ. Hist. and Teach. of Ger. Rev. William A. Dod, A.M., Lect. on the Fine Arts. Henry C. Cameron, A.M., Adj. Prof. of Greek. Henry M. Baird, A.M., Tutor in Greek, and Teacher of French. Charles Russell Clarke, A.M., Tutor in BellesLettres. James McDougall, A.B., Tutor in Mathematics. Founded 1746. The College year is divided into two terms or sessions. The Annual Commencement is on the last Wednesday in June, and the first term of the next College year begins on the 13th of August and closes on Thursday the 24th of December. The second term begins on Thursday the 4th of February, and ends on the last Wednesday in June, -the day of the Annual Commencement. The stated expenses of the College each session, paid in advance, including tuition, room-rent, fuel, library, servant's wages, washing, are $55.50. The College Library contains 10,800 volumes. In the libraries belonging to the two literary societies there are 9,000 volumes. The total number of volumes, therefore, in the three libraries, is 19,800. Number of students, 1857, 236. RUTGERS COLLEGE, New Brunswick. FACULTY. Hon. Theodore Frelinghuysen, LL.D., Pres. of the Col., Prof. of Internat. and Const. Law, Moral Philos., and Rhet. Theodore Strong, LL.D., Vice-Pres., Prof. of Math. and Nat. Philos. Rev. John Proudfit, D.D., Prof. of Greek Lang. and Lit. Rev. Samuel A. Van Vranken, D.D., Prof. of the Evid. of Christ. and Logic. Rev. William H. Campbell, D.D., Prof. of Oriental Lang. and Lit. and Bell. Lett. Samuel Woodbridge, D.D., Prof. of Mental Philos. Rev. C. R. V. Romondt, A.M., Prof. of Modern Lang. and Lit. George H. Cook, A.M., Ph.D., Prof. of Chem. and the Nat. Sciences. William Irvin, A.M., Prof. of Latin Lang. and Lit. Rev. William J. Thompson, A.M., Rector of the Grammar School. Founded 1770. The annual Commencement is on the Thursday before the 4th of July. The Libraries of the College and Literary Societies embrace, in the aggregate, about 12,000 volumes. The price of tuition is $45 per annum. The admission fee is $5. There is also a charge of five dollars for incidental expenses. The expense for boarding and treasurer's bills will amount to from $175 to $200 per annum. Number of students, 1856-57, 106. BURLINGTON COLLEGE, Burlington. (Founded 1846.) Rt. Rev. George W. Doane, D.D., LL.D., Pres. Rev. Hobart Chetwood, A.M., Act. Rect. Rev. Marcus F. Hyde, A.M., Prof. of Anc. Lang., and Librarian. Dorsey Cox, A.M., Prof. of Math. Timothy G. Mitchell, A.M., Adjunct Prof. of Greek. Rev. William C. Doane, A.M., Adjunct Prof. of English Lit. and Instr. in Anglo-Saxon. Rev. Walter A. Mitchell, A.M., Adjunct Prof. of Latin. C. Baquet, LL.D., Teacher of French. Franklin Gauntt, M.D., Phys. to the Col., Lect. on Physiol. A. Paladini, Teacher of Spanish and Italian. E. R. Schmidt, P.B., Teacher of Germ., and Instr. in Chem. C. Massey, Teacher of Eloc. Edwin B. Chase, Assist. Teacher and Registrar. Wellington Forgus, J. Nicholas Stansbury, James Mason, Joseph S. Saunders, H. C. E. Costill, A. B. Engstrom, John Collins, Alfred Shapter, A.M., Assistants. Charles M. Harker, Curat. STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. pupil-teachers drawn from Divisions A and tion of the School. MODEL SCHOOL. W. A. Phelps, A.M., Prin. of the Normal B, which constitute the most advanced secand Prepar. Schools. Sumner C. Webb, A.M., Vice-Prin. Norm. School, and Prof. of Physiol. and Eloc. Arnold Guyot, LL.D., Prof. Geol. and Phys. Geog. David Cole, A.M., Prof. Anc. Lang. Geo. W. Plympton, A.M., Prof. Theoret. and Applied Math., and Eng. Hermann Krüsi, Prof. Mod. Lang. and Invent. and Perspec. Draw. M. H. Doolittle, Instr. Eng. Lang. F. I. Ilsley, Prof. Vocal Music. Miss Irene B. Colly, Instr. in Elementary Branches. Laban Dennis, Tutor in Math. and Assistant in Elementary Branches. Besides the above, there are five class exercises in the Normal School, conducted by Henry B. Pierce, Sup. George W. Honell, Perm. Teacher of 8th Depart. Sarah J. Philps, Eudora E. Smith, Mary L. Tuttle, Keziah L. Draine, Mary A. McKillway, F. B. Crane, Fannie C. Lyon, Assistants. FARNUM PREPARATORY SCHOOL. Samuel A. Farrand, Res. Prin. Miss E. Clement, Instr. in French, and Assist. in Eng. F. I. Ilsley, Prof. Vocal Music. S. A. Felter, Miss E. Ludlam, Miss R. Van Ness, Miss M. Cheeseman, Assistants. ACADEMIES AND HIGH SCHOOLS. The Academies (so called) in this State are not generally incorporated institutions, and they are quite inferior in their character. They are destined soon to be entirely supplanted by the public and high schools. They are usually nothing more than mere private or "select" schools, making no reports, and generally irresponsible to the State authorities. The High School system has but recently been introduced into the State, and at present there are only two schools of this character, viz. the Newark High School, Isaiah Peckham, Principal, salary $1,000 per year; and the High School at Paterson, Mr. Hosford, Principal, salary, $ 1,000 per year. SOCIETIES AND ASSOCIATIONS. NEW JERSEY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. (Instituted 1845.) The meetings of this Society are held on the third Thursday of January, in Trenton; on the third Thursday of May, in Newark; and on such day, and at such place, in September, as the Society may designate. The library is at Newark. Its publications consist of four volumes of Collections, each volume being an independent work. Seven volumes of Proceedings are also published, and another is nearly ready for the press. The officers for 1857-58 (chosen January, 1857) are as follows: President, Joseph C. Hornblower, Newark; Vice-Presidents, James Parker, S. G. Potts, Wm. A. Duer; Corresponding Secretary, Wm. A. Whitehead, Newark; Recording Secretary, David A. Hayes, Newark; Librarian and Treasurer, S. H. Cougar, Newark; Executive Committee, A. Gifford, N. Murray, D.D., Wm. L. Dayton, D. S. Gregory, H. W. Green, Wm. P. Robeson, R. S. Field, A. B. Patterson, D.D., R. K. Rogers. IX. PENNSYLVANIA. Capital, Harrisburg. - Area, 47,000 square miles. - Population, 1850, 2,311,786. THE following abstract of the Common School system of Pennsylvania was prepared by Rev. A. R. Pope, for the Year-Book of 1857, since which time there has been no material change in the general organization of public instruction. The Constitution of Pennsylvania was adopted in 1790, and contains a provision in the following words: "The Legislature shall, as soon as conveniently may be, provide by law for the establishment of schools throughout the State, in such manner that the poor may be taught gratis." But no system of popular education was attempted in Pennsylvania until many years afterwards. The act for creating a school fund was passed in 1831. Yet three years then elapsed before the State was districted for schools, under the law passed April 1, 1834. But the districts were then left at liberty not to comply with the general provisions respecting their schools; and, in consequence, there were so many districts in 1851, which had no completed school system, that the Legislature offered a bonus, in the form of a remission of twenty-four per cent of the year's tax, for any district subsequently coming into line with other more earnest districts. It may be said, however, that during the whole period since the first school law was adopted, Pennsylvania has felt the pressure of "a large public debt, deranged finances, and onerous taxation," which have "impoverished the public treasury, and checked the enterprise of the State. Notwithstanding these adverse circumstances, the school law has been amended, and changed, and strengthened, year after year, by the Legislature, to meet its growing wants and enlarging powers, and sustained by liberal appropriations from the treasury, until it has become almost perfect in theory, and firmly fixed in enlightened public opinion." In 1854, the system was materially and beneficially modified by the introduction of the office of County Superintendent; an office which seems to have been, for the most part, and judging by the thorough reports made by the several incumbents, most successfully filled, and to the manifest advantage of the schools. As now constituted, the executive form of the school system is distributed as follows:—1. A State Superintendent,* who is also Secretary of State, having the general charge and supervision of the schools, being the arbiter in disputes and conflicts concerning school matters, and having associated with him a Deputy Superintendent, whose especial duty it is to visit the counties, address public meetings on educational subjects, * By an act of April 18, 1857, the State and School departments were separated, and a Superintendent of Common Schools appointed by the Governor to hold office for three years, at an annual salary of $1,400. assist at the organization of Teachers' Institutes, and, in general, to excite and enlighten public opinion in reference to the schools. 2. County Superintendents, chosen by the Directors of the Districts, and commissioned by the State Superintendent. It is the duty of a County Superintendent to visit the schools in his county, to consult with the Directors of the Districts, and to examine and license the teachers, giving to each one who is accepted, according to the attainments and experience, a professional or permanent certificate, or a provisional or temporary certificate; the last being valid for only one year. 3. District Directors, who supply the place of the School Committee of some States, having the general charge of the schools, the management of the prudential concerns, the levying and collecting of taxes; and the law requires that one of them, (there are six in each district,) or some one acting for them, as their Secretary, should visit each school once in every month while it is in session, and make a record of the visits. 4. The Directors are to report annually to the County Superintendents; and they are to report annually to the State Superintendent, who reports annually to the Legislature. The teachers are also required to report monthly to the Directors; and without a compliance with this rule, they are not entitled to any payment for services. One peculiarity of the system of Pennsylvania is freely commented on, and generally condemned, in the County Superintendents' Reports; that of raising all the money for free schools from the districts, instead of by a general tax; by which arrangement the sparsely settled districts are compelled, in some instances, to pay a tax of more than one per cent for the required four months' schooling for every child in the Commonwealth, while in the larger and wealthier districts there are better schools for longer periods, supported by a tax of less than one tenth of one per cent. It is asked, why, if the State requires popular education for its own support and strength, and to promote its general welfare, its expense should not be met as the expense of administering justice, supporting civil government, building public works, &c., is met, by an equitable tax upon all the property in the State, or in the several counties. Until the last year (1857) no Teachers' Institutes or Normal Schools had been established by the State. Many of the County Superintendents, however, in conjunction with the teachers, and at their joint charge, assembled and conducted Institutes; and two or three Normal Schools, for a brief period of the year, have also been held in the same way; and in every case with signal advantage. Their success and entire availability have directed the attention of the friends of free education in the Keystone State to their proper maintenance. (See page 156.) Hon. HENRY C. HICKOK, of Union County, Superintendent of Public Schools. ABSTRACT OF STATISTICS FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE, 1856, DERIVED FROM THE LAST ANNUAL REPORT (JAN. 1857). |