sengers, freight, express matter, and telegraph and telephone messages, between points within the state, and the use of such instruments within the state, but shall also affect and include all matters and things connected with and concerning the service to be given by railroads, express, telephone, telegraph, steamboat and other water craft, and sleeping-car companies and corporations in the state, and their operation within the state (Amendment 1908).

Art. 287. Until otherwise provided by law, the members of the Commission shall each receive a salary of three thousand dollars per annum, payable monthly on his own warrant and their actual traveling expenses and those of their secretaries; which expenses, and the salaries of the latter, shall be paid on the warrant of the chairman of the Commission on a sworn statement of their correctness.

Nothing herein shall prevent the railroad, express, telegraph, telephone, and steamboat or other water craft, or other companies, from serving free of cost, or at reduced rates, the state or any city, parish, or town government, or any charitable purpose, or any fair or exposition, or any destitute or indigent person or the issuance of mileage or excursion tickets; nor to prevent railroads, steamboats or other water craft from giving free transportation to ministers of religion or inmates of hospitals, or to railroad officers, agents, employees, attorneys, stockholders, or directors, unless otherwise provided by this constitution (Amendment 1900).

Art. 288. The General Assembly may add to or enlarge the powers and duties of said Commission, or confer other powers and duties on them. They may also provide additional clerical or other assistants that may be deemed necessary for the discharge of the duties of said Commission, and may add other

penalties, to make the work of said Commission effective. It shall be the duty of the attorney general, and the various district attorneys to aid said Commission in all legal matters, for which they shall receive not exceeding twenty-five per cent of all fines and forfeitures collected by them; provided the Commission may employ other attorneys in lieu of the official on like terms.

No person in the service of or attorney for, any railroad, express, telephone, telegraph, steamboat or other water craft, sleeping-car company or corporation, or pecuniary interest in such company or corporation, shall hold the office of Commissioner.

The fines collected, after paying the attorney's fees and costs of suits, in which the Commission may be cast for costs, shall be paid into the state treasury (Amendment 1907).

§ 22. Minnesota Constitution-(a) Distribution of Powers of Government.-§ 1. The powers of government shall be divided into three distinct departments-legislative, executive and judicial; and no person or persons belonging to or constituting one of these departments shall exercise any of the powers properly belonging to either of the others, except in the instances expressly provided in this constitution.18 § 23. (b) Corporation Control.-There is no provision in the constitution relative to the control of railroads and other public utilities.

§ 24. Mississippi Constitution-(a) Distribution of Powers of Government.-§ 1. The powers of the government of the state of Mississippi shall be divided into three distinct departments, and each of them confided to a separate magistracy, to wit: Those which

18 Minn. Const. 1857, art. III.

are legislative, to one; those which are judicial, to another; and those which are executive, to another.

§ 2. No person or collection of persons, being one, or belonging to one, of these departments, shall exercise any power properly belonging to either of the others. The acceptance of an office in either of said departments shall, of itself, and at once, vacate any and all offices held by the person so accepting in either of the other departments.1

§ 25.

(b) Corporation Control.-§ 186. The legislature shall pass laws to prevent abuses, unjust discrimination and extortion in all charges of express, telephone, sleeping-car, telegraph and railroad companies, and shall enact laws for the supervision of railroads, express, telephone, telegraph, sleeping-car companies and other common carriers in this state, by Commission or otherwise, and shall provide adequate penalties, to the extent, if necessary for that purpose, of forfeiture of its franchises.

§ 188. No railroad or other transportation company shall grant free passes or tickets, or passes or tickets at a discount, to members of the legislature, or any state, district, county or municipal officers, except Railroad Commissioners. The legislature shall enact suitable laws for the detection, prevention and punishment of violations of this provision.

§ 195. Express, telegraph, telephone, and sleepingcar companies are declared common carriers in their respective lines of business and subject to liability as such.

§ 198. The legislature shall enact laws to prevent all trust conventions, contracts and agreements inimical to the public welfare.

19 Miss. Const. 1890, art. L

§ 199. The term "corporation" used in this article shall include all associations and all joint-stock companies for pecuniary gain, having privileges not possessed by individuals and partnerships.20

§ 26. New York Constitution-(a) Distribution of Powers of Government.-New York constitution, without special designation, recognizes a division of the powers of the state into the legislative (article III), the executive (article IV), and the judicial (article VI)."1

§ 27.

(b) Corporation Control.-There is no specific provision in the constitution regarding the regulation and control of railroads and other public utilities.

§ 28. North Carolina Constitution-(a) Distribution of Powers of Government.-There is no specific distribution of powers of government except that the distribution into legislative, executive and judicial is recognized as provided in articles II, III and IV of that instrument.22

§ 29. (b) Corporation Control.-There is no provision in the constitution relative to the control of railroads and other public utilities.

§ 30. Oklahoma Constitution-(a) Distribution of Powers of Government.-§ 1. The powers of the government of the state of Oklahoma shall be divided into three separate departments, the legislative, executive, and judicial and except as provided in this constitution, the legislative and executive, and judicial departments of government shall be separate and distinct

20 Miss. Const. 1890, art. VII.

21 N. Y. Const. 1904.

22 N. C. Const. 1876.

and neither shall exercise the powers properly belonging to either of the others."3

§ 31. (b) Corporation Control-Railroad and Public Service Corporations.-§ 2. Every railroad, oil pipe, car, express, telephone or telegraph corporation or association organized or authorized to do a transportation or transmission business under the laws of this state for such purpose, shall, each respectively, have the right to construct and operate its lines between any point in the state, and as such to connect at the state line with like lines, and every such company shall have the right with its road or line, to intersect, connect with, or cross any railroad or such line.

§ 3. Every railroad, car, or express company shall, each respectively, receive and transport without delay or discrimination each other's cars, loaded or empty, tonnage, and passengers, under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by law or any commission created by this constitution or by act of the legislature for that purpose.

§ 4. All oil pipe companies shall be subject to the reasonable control and regulation of the Corporation Commission, and shall receive and transport each other's tonnage or oils, or commodities, under such rules and regulations as shall be prescribed by law or such Commission.

§ 5. All telephone and telegraph lines, operated for hire, shall each respectively, receive and transmit each other's messages without delay or discrimination, and make physical connections with each other's lines, under such rules and regulations as shall be prescribed by law, or by any commission created by this constitution, or any act of the legislature, for that purpose.

23 Okl. Const. 1907, art. IV.