China, the other the immigration question. The Ambassador said that the London Agreement had happily settled the naval question; that there seemed no longer to be any Chinese question between the two Governments. Japan's attitude toward China was practically identical with that of the United States. There remained the immigration question. The Ambassador said that he had talked with a great many people while he was on the Pacific Coast and had found great friendliness, in fact had seen no one who was opposed to putting Japan on the quota. He said that he had always let other people bring the matter up and had not introduced it himself because he knew the danger of appearing to bring any kind of pressure. For the same reason he said that he wanted his talk with me to be entirely unofficial and secret, that he should not telegraph his Government anything about it, but would write merely a personal letter to Baron Shidehara. We discussed the matter from all angles. Mr. Debuchi thoroughly understands that it cannot be introduced in Congress by the Department of State; also that it should be brought up as originating on the Pacific Coast but he fears that no California Senator or Congressman will be prodded to introduce the matter and that it may simply go by default. He said it seemed to him that all the psychological elements were present to make a change in the law successful at the present time and that if it could not be effected in the next session of Congress he would feel there was little hope. I told him that he should not have this feeling because the next, or short session of Congress, which might well be very turbulent, was not a good time to get through legislation. I pointed out that obviously nothing must be done until we were sure of a favorable result since a reaffirmation of the exclusion would be worse than the original law.

I gained nothing new from this conversation, nor did the Ambassador, except I think that he realized, as he had perhaps not done before, that we were watching the situation carefully.

150.946/240

WILLIAM] R. C[ASTLE], Jr.

Memorandum by the Assistant Secretary of State (Castle) of a Conversation With the Japanese Ambassador (Debuchi)

[WASHINGTON,] November 28, 1930. The Ambassador came to talk with me again on the subject of Japanese exclusion. He said that in connection with Senator Reed's bill to stop all immigration for two years it seemed to him there was

Signed April 22, 1930; vol. 1, p. 107.

5 Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs.

David A. Reed of Pennsylvania, delegate at the London Naval Conference.

an excellent opportunity at this time to put Japan on the quota. He said it seemed to him such an opportunity for the reason that since nobody could come in any case for two years, people need not worry about the Japanese. I told the Ambassador that if Senator Reed introduced the bill he would probably not be willing to complicate it by any side issue, but that I should, of course, be glad to talk with him about it. The Ambassador said that Senator Reed and Senator Robinson discussed the matter with Mr. Matsudaira 9 in London and told him that at the first suitable opportunity they would bring up the question in Congress. Naturally Mr. Matsudaira had sent a full account of this to his Government. Furthermore, at one of the most difficult stages of the Conference Mr. Stimson also took occasion to discuss the matter with Mr. Matsudaira and promised to assist in getting the law changed as much as he could. This conversation also Mr. Matsudaira reported to his Government. It was perfectly obvious that what Mr. Debuchi was trying to convey was the idea that unless something were done it will be to some extent a betrayal of confidence. He did not say it, but he certainly implied that in London the issue of immigration had been to some extent mixed up with treaty questions. Had Debuchi suggested this in so many words, I should have flatly denied it. Colonel Burnett 10 did join the issues unmistakably, going to the extent of making one dependent on the other, but it would have been easy to point out that Colonel Burnett in doing this was in no way speaking for the delegation. I told the Ambassador that the Secretary and the two Senators were men who did not promise lightly, but that they were also men who realized that there were times to take up new matters and times when these same matters should be left severely alone. I told Debuchi that if the Secretary and the two Senators felt that to bring up the issue at this time would result in a reaffirmation of the exclusion clause, they were certainly proving their loyalty to their agreements with Mr. Matsudaira in not bringing the matter up. Mr. Debuchi was compelled to recognize this, but was nevertheless inclined to be a little too insistent.

WILLIAM] R. C[ASTLE], JR.

Introduced December 2, 1930, as S. J. Res. 207, 71st Cong., 3d sess. Joseph T. Robinson of Arkansas, delegate at the London Naval Conference. Japanese Ambassador in Great Britain and delegate at the London Naval Conference.

10 Lieut. Col. C. Burnett, U. S. Army, member of the staff of the Secretary of State at the London Naval Conference.

LATVIA

TREATIES OF ARBITRATION AND CONCILIATION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND LATVIA, SIGNED JANUARY 14, 19301

Treaty Series No. 818

Arbitration Treaty Between the United States of America and Latvia, Signed at Riga, January 14, 1930 2

2

The President of the United States of America and the President of the Republic of Latvia

Determined to prevent so far as in their power lies any interruption in the peaceful relations that have always existed between the two nations;

Desirous of reaffirming their adherence to the policy of submitting to impartial decision all justiciable controversies that may arise between them; and

Eager by their example not only to demonstrate their condemnation of war as an instrument of national policy in their mutual relations, but also to hasten the time when the perfection of international arrangements for the pacific settlement of international disputes shall have eliminated for ever the possibility of war among any of the Powers of the world;

Have decided to conclude a treaty of arbitration and for that purpose they have appointed as their respective plenipotentiaries

The President of the United States of America

His Excellency Mr. F. W. B. Coleman, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Republic of Latvia

The President of the Republic of Latvia

His Excellency Mr. Antons Balodis, Minister for Foreign Affairs who having communicated to one another their full powers found in good and due form, have agreed upon the following articles:

ARTICLE I

All differences relating to international matters in which the High Contracting Parties are concerned by virtue of a claim of right made

1 For correspondence relating to the negotiation of these treaties, see Foreign Relations, 1929, vol. 11, (Estonia) pp. 963 ff.

2 Ratification advised by the Senate, March 22 (legislative day of January 6), 1930; ratified by the President, March 29, 1930; ratifications exchanged at Washington, July 10, 1930; proclaimed by the President, July 14,1930.

by one against the other under treaty or otherwise, which it has not been possible to adjust by diplomacy, which have not been adjusted as a result of reference to an appropriate commission of conciliation, and which are justiciable in their nature by reason of being susceptible of decision by the application of the principles of law or equity, shall be submitted to the Permanent Court of Arbitration established at The Hague by the Convention of October 18, 1907,3 or to some other competent tribunal, as shall be decided in each case by special agreement, which special agreement shall provide for the organization of such tribunal if necessary, define its powers, state the question or questions at issue, and settle the terms of reference.

The special agreement in each case shall be made on the part of the United States of America by the President of the United States of America by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, and on the part of Latvia in accordance with its constitutional laws.

ARTICLE II

The provisions of this treaty shall not be invoked in respect of any dispute the subject matter of which

(a) is within the domestic jurisdiction of either of the High Contracting Parties,

(b) involves the interests of third Parties,

(c) depends upon or involves the maintenance of the traditional attitude of the United States concerning American questions, commonly described as the Monroe Doctrine,

(d) depends upon or involves the observance of the obligations of Latvia in accordance with the Covenant of the League of Nations.

ARTICLE III

The present treaty shall be ratified by the President of the United States of America by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, and by Latvia in accordance with its constitutional laws.

The ratifications shall be exchanged at Washington as soon as possible, and the treaty shall take effect on the date of the exchange of the ratifications. It shall thereafter remain in force continuously unless and until terminated by one year's written notice given by either High Contracting Party to the other.

In faith thereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed this treaty in duplicate in the English language, and hereunto affixed their seals.

Done at Riga, the 14th day of January in the year of Our Lord one thousand nine hundred and thirty.

[SEAL]

F. W. B. COLEMAN

[SEAL]

A. BALODIS

Foreign Relations, 1907, pt. 2, p. 1181.

Treaty Series No. 819

Conciliation Treaty Between the United States of America and Latvia, Signed at Riga, January 14, 1930 *

The President of the United States of America and the President of the Republic of Latvia, being desirous to strengthen the bonds of amity that bind them together and also to advance the cause of general peace, have resolved to enter into a treaty for that purpose, and to that end have appointed as their plenipotentiaries:

The President of the United States of America

His Excellency Mr. F. W. B. Coleman, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Republic of Latvia

The President of the Republic of Latvia

His Excellency Mr. Antons Balodis, Minister for Foreign Affairs who, after having communicated to each other their respective full powers, found to be in proper form, have agreed upon and concluded the following articles:

ARTICLE I

Any disputes arising between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Latvia, of whatever nature they may be, shall, when ordinary diplomatic proceedings have failed and the High Contracting Parties do not have recourse to adjudication by a competent tribunal, be submitted for investigation and report to a permanent International Commission constituted in the manner prescribed in the next succeeding Article; and they agree not to declare war or begin hostilities during such investigation and before the report is submitted.

ARTICLE II

The International Commission shall be composed of five members, to be appointed as follows: One member shall be chosen from each country, by the Government thereof; one member shall be chosen by each Government from some third country; the fifth member shall be chosen by common agreement between the two Governments, it being understood that he shall not be a citizen of either country. The expenses of the Commission shall be paid by the two Governments in equal proportions.

The International Commission shall be appointed within six months after the exchange of ratifications of this treaty; and vacancies shall be filled according to the manner of the original appointment.

• Ratification advised by the Senate, March 22 (legislative day of January 6), 1930; ratified by the President, March 29, 1930; ratifications exchanged at Washington, July 10, 1930; proclaimed by the President, July 14, 1930.